“Lionel Gatford”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Born in Sussex to unknown parents,^[1] Lionel Gatford entered Jesus College, Cambridge in 1618, graduating B.A. in 1621–2. In 1625 he proceeded M.A. and became a fellow of Jesus. He was ordained deacon at Peterborough on 24 December 1626, and was elected junior university proctor in 1631-2. In 1633 he proceeded B.D. and became vicar of St Clement's Church, Cambridge.^[2] Disturbed by the theological views of Eleazar Duncon's 1633 DD commencement, which recommended bowing at the altar and suggested that "good works are efficaciously necessary to salvation",^[1] Gatford wrote a long letter on the subject to Lord Goring.^[3] Resigning his Jesus fellowship in 1638, he was presented by another patron, Sir John Rous, to the rectory of Dennington, Suffolk in 1641.^[4]

Soon after the outbreak of the civil war, Gatford retired to Cambridge in order to write a pamphlet setting forth the doctrine of the church in regard to the obedience due to kings. On the night of 26 January 1642–3 Oliver Cromwell seized his manuscript, then in the press at Cambridge, arrested Gatford in his bed at Jesus College, and sent both author and copy to London. On 30 January the commons ordered him to be imprisoned in Ely House, Holborn.^[5] Nothing daunted he contrived to publish in the following March a vigorous onslaught on anabaptists and other Puritans, called An Exhortation to Peace. This was ordered by the commons on 3 July to be referred to the consideration of the committee for Cambridge.^[6] After seventeen months' confinement Gatford was freed in an exchange of prisoners.^[7]

Banned from returning to Dennington or resuming work as a clergyman elsewhere, Gatford went to the royalist headquarters at Oxford, where he lived with the mayor, Thomas Smith. There he wrote a whimsical tract on the spiritual and bodily causes and effects of the plague raging in Oxford, Λόγος Ἀλεξιφάρμακος or Hyperphysicall Directions in Time of Plague (1644). Gatford soon after went to Cornwall as chaplain of Pendennis Castle.^[8] About July 1645 he drafted an address "to the valiant and loyal Cornish men", urging them to rise up in support of the royal cause.^[9] He was taken prisoner when Pendennis Castle surrendered in August 1646,^[1] and by 1647 he was exiled with the royalists in Jersey, becoming there a favourite of Sir Edward Hyde, who made him his chaplain.^[10] His next publication was A Faithfull and Faire Warning, reissued as Englands Complaint (1648): Gatford called upon "Inhabitants of the county of Suffolk" to help the royalist garrison at Colchester holding out against the New Model Army,^[11] and expressed fears that parliament would grant toleration to Catholics, who would consequently return to power.^[7]

Gatford appears to have remained in exile about seven years. After his return he supported himself by taking boarders, living at different times at Kenninghall Place, Sanden House, Kilborough, and Swaffham in Norfolk. From there he moved to Hackney, Middlesex, afterwards to Well Hall, Kent, and finally to Walham Green. Pursued by the county committees for persisting in keeping up the traditional Church of England service, he protested in A Petition for the Vindication of the Publique use of the Book of Common Prayer (1655), prefixed by a spirited letter to the parliament.^[7] Publick Good without Private Interest appeared in 1657.

At the Restoration Gatford was created D.D. by royal mandate. He found the chancel and parsonage-house of Dennington in ruins, and, as he could not afford to have them rebuilt, petitioned the king for the vicarage of Plymouth in Devon, to which he was presented on 20 August 1661.^[12] Gatford's last literary labour was to defend his old patron, Sir John Rous, from puritan allegations of drunkenness in A true and faithfull Narrative of the … death of Mr. William Tyrrell (1661). In August 1662 Dr. George, the nonconformist vicar of Plymouth, was ejected, but the corporation elected Roger Ashton as his successor.^[13] In 1663 the right of appointing to the incumbency of Great Yarmouth was disputed between the corporation of the town and the dean and chapter of Norwich. Gatford, on the recommendation of Edward Hyde, now Earl of Clarendon and high steward of the borough, was accepted by the corporation, and allowed "to officiate as curate during the pleasure of the House."^[7]

Gatford died of the plague in 1665, and the corporation presented his widow Dorcas with £100 in consideration of the "pains he had taken in serving the cure for two years".^[14] His son, Lionel Gatford, D.D., contributed a highly coloured account of his parents' sufferings during the civil war to John Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy.^[15] Gatford has a Greek distich in Ralph Winterton's Hippocratis Aphorismi.^[7]^[16]

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1. ^¹²{{ODNBweb|id=10450|title=Gatford, Lionel (d. 1665)|first=Jason|last=McElligott}}
2. ^{{acad|id=GTFT618L|name=Gatford, Lionel}}
3. ^Gatford to Lord Goring, 22 July 1633. Calendar of State Papers, Dom. 1633–4, pp. 150, 279.
4. ^Venn and the ODNB agree on this date against the DNB, which gave 1637.
5. ^Commons' Journals, ii. 95.
6. ^Commons' Journals, iii. 153.
7. ^¹²³⁴{{cite DNB|wstitle=Gatford, Lionel|first=Gordon|last=Goodwin|volume=21|pages=65-6}}
8. ^Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1661–2, p. 65
9. ^· Calendar of the Clarendon state papers preserved in the Bodleian Library, ed. O. Ogle and others, 5 vols. (1869–1970), i. 271–2.
10. ^Cal. State Papers, i. 316, 368, 416, ii. 19
11. ^Jason McElligott, Royalism, print and censorship in revolutionary England, Boydell Press, 2007, p.34
12. ^Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1661–2, pp. 65, 68.
13. ^Rowe, Parish and Vicars of St. Andrew, Plymouth, p. 39.
14. ^Palmer, Continuation of Manship, ii. 174–6; Perlustration of Great Yarmouth, iii. 10.
15. ^Walker, Sufferings of the Clergy, pt. ii. p. 255.
16. ^Ralph Winterton, Hippocratis Magni Aphorismi Soluti et Metrici, 8vo, Cambridge, 1633, p.20

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