“Sergio Oliva”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Oliva was born in Cuba on July 4, 1941. At 12, he worked with his father in the sugar cane fields of Guanabacoa. When Oliva was 16, his father suggested that he enlist in Fulgencio Batista's army. In the absence of a birth certificate, the recruiting officer took the senior Oliva's word that his son was old enough to enlist in the fight against communism.

After losing the war to Fidel Castro, Oliva stayed in Cuba and took to hanging out at the beach. There, he met a fellow beachgoer who invited him to the local weightlifting club. After just six months of training Oliva was doing clean and jerks with over 300 lb and totaling 1000 lb in the three major lifts at a bodyweight of 195 lb, considered a middle-heavyweight.

In 1962, the National Weightlifting Championship for Cuba was won by Alberto Rey Games Hernandez; Sergio Oliva took second place. Because Games received an injury, Oliva was chosen to represent Cuba at the 1962 Central American and Caribbean Games hosted in Kingston, Jamaica.

During his stay in Jamaica, Oliva snuck out of his quarters while the guards were distracted. He ran at top speed until he was safely inside the American consulate. Arriving breathlessly, he demanded and received political asylum. Soon, 65 other Cuban nationals followed him, including Castro's entire weightlifting team and their security guards. Soon afterward, Oliva was living in Miami, Florida, working as a TV repairman.^[3]

Life in the United States

In 1963 Oliva moved to Chicago, Illinois. There he worked at a local steel mill and began working out at the Duncan YMCA. Working 10- to 12-hour days at the steel mill and putting in another 2.5–3 hours at the gym gave Oliva very little time for anything else. Soon the bodybuilding grapevine was abuzz with gossip about a Cuban powerhouse who lifted more than any of the local Olympic champs. Oliva won his first bodybuilding competition, the Mr. Chicagoland contest, in 1963. He was successful again at the Mr. Illinois in 1964, but he lost in 1965 at the AAU Jr. Mr. America, winning 2nd place even though he won the trophy for "Most Muscular." In 1966, he won the AAU Jr. Mr. America, and again he claimed the trophy for "Most Muscular". He then joined the International Federation of BodyBuilders IFBB in which he won both the professional Mr. World and Mr. Universe Contests. In 1967, he won the prestigious Mr. Olympia contest.

Oliva then went on to win the Mr. Olympia title three years in a row, at 5 feet 8 inches and at a contest weight of 225lbs. Oliva's 1968 Mr Olympia win was uncontested. In 1969, he won his third consecutive Mr. Olympia by beating a Mr. Europe, a Mr. International, and four-time Mr. Universe winner Arnold Schwarzenegger. In his 1977 autobiography, "Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder", Arnold tells of their first encounter: "Then for the first time, I saw Sergio Oliva in person. I understood why they called him "the Myth". It was as jarring as if I'd walked into a wall. He destroyed me. He was so huge, he was so fantastic, there was no way I could even think of beating him. I admitted my defeat and felt some of my pump go away. I tried. But I'd been so taken back by my first sight of Sergio Oliva that I think I settled for 2nd place before we walked out on the stage... I never like to admit defeat, but I thought Sergio was better. There were no two ways about it."^[4]

However, Schwarzenegger won his first Mr. Olympia title by edging the Myth the following year with a score of 4-3. Oliva was banned from competing in the 1971 IFBB Mr. Olympia because he competed in the 1971 NABBA Mr. Universe. This was extremely controversial because Schwarzenegger had competed for this very same contest the year before and without Sergio to challenge Arnold, some felt that the contest was fixed. "I'd coasted to my second title as Mr.Olympia, in Paris in 1971. The only possible challenger had been Sergio - nobody else was in my league - and he'd been barred from the contest, along with others, because of a dispute between federations."^[5] Oliva was permitted to simply guest pose at the 1971 Mr Olympia. After this setback, Oliva was fiercely determined to beat Arnold Schwarzenegger and prove once and for all that he was the world's greatest bodybuilder.

In 1972, under the High Intensity Training (HIT) system of Arthur Jones, the designer of Nautilus training equipment, Oliva challenged Schwarzenegger for the 1972 Olympia in Essen Germany. By all accounts, Sergio was in his all-time greatest shape and completely confident he would regain the Mr. Olympia title. Arnold beat Sergio into 2nd place and was crowned Mr Olympia yet again. He said "In Essen, it seemed like all the top Bodybuilders turned up at their very best except for me. Sergio was back, even more impressive than I remembered."^[6] "Compared with all of the other Bodybuilders I've ever faced, Sergio really was in a class by himself. I was struck by that again the minute we were onstage. It was so hard to look impressive next to him with those incredible thighs, that impossibly tiny waist, those incredible triceps."^[7]

After being disqualified from the 1973 IFBB Mr. International that Sergio actually won{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}}, he severed all ties with the Joe Weider controlled IFBB and continued competing for other world bodybuilding federations. He won the World BodyBuilding Guild (WBBG) Mr. Galaxy in 1972 and 1973, the WBBG Mr. Olympus in 1975, 1976 and 1978, the WABBA Professional World Championships in 1977 and 1980, and the WABBA Professional World Cup in 1980 and 1981. After a 12-year hiatus from the IFBB, Oliva was invited back to the IFBB and came out of retirement to compete in the 1984 Mr. Olympia. Finishing in eighth place, "the Myth" still sported an extremely impressive physique and V-taper.

In 1985, at the age of 44, Oliva returned for an attempt at the famed Mr. Olympia title and would compete again in 1986. He could manage just an 8th-place finish in each. Robert Kennedy, publisher of the magazine MuscleMag International, wrote, "Anyone who loves the sport of bodybuilding knows the name of Sergio Oliva, known as ‘the Myth’. I greatly admired him and consider him to be the all-time world's greatest physique. I saw him in competition many times, including his shows against Arnold. There is no doubt that with his wide shoulders and narrow hip structure he was superior to any other Bodybuilder of his generation. Sergio was not only the most aesthetic bodybuilder on stage but also the biggest... Sergio Oliva is considered by most to be the world's most genetically gifted bodybuilder... He set a whole new standard for competitive bodybuilding; loved by millions, revered by many and feared by some. He was so huge and extremely proportioned that he used to bring chills to his adversaries. This is how he acquired the name of the Myth."^[8]

Personal

Death

Sergio Oliva died on November 12, 2012 in Chicago, Illinois from apparent kidney failure. He was 71. He was the first Mr. Olympia to have died.^[11]

Distinctions

Bodybuilding titles

See also

References

1. ^{{cite book |title=Sergio Oliva the Myth-Building the Ultimate |last1=Oliva|first1=Sergio |first2= Frank |last2= Marchante| publisher=Gras Publishing |year= 2007 | ISBN=0-9779040-1-6}}
2. ^{{cite book| last = Wayne| first = Rick| authorlink = Rick Wayne| title = Muscle Wars|publisher = St. Martin's Press| year = 1985| page =257| ISBN = 0-312-55353-6}}
3. ^{{cite book| last = Wayne| first = Rick| authorlink = Rick Wayne| title = Muscle Wars|publisher = St. Martin's Press| year = 1985| page =95| ISBN = 0-312-55353-6}}
4. ^Arnold the Education of a Bodybuilder by Arnold schwarzenegger and Douglas Kent Hall, published by Simon & Schuster 1977, page 97 {{ISBN|0-671-79748-4}}
5. ^[https://www.amazon.com/Total-Recall-ebook/dp/B00902UH5M/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1380906354&sr=1-1 TOTAL RECALL] by Arnold Schwarzenegger and Peter Petre, pg. 144 (Simon & Schuster 2012) [hereinafter "TOTAL RECALL"]
6. ^[https://www.amazon.com/Total-Recall-ebook/dp/B00902UH5M/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1380906354&sr=1-1 TOTAL RECALL], pg. 144
7. ^[https://www.amazon.com/Total-Recall-ebook/dp/B00902UH5M/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1380906354&sr=1-1 TOTAL RECALL], pg. 128
8. ^Robert Kennedy, Best Selling Author, Editor and Publisher of MuscleMag International; Sergio Oliva, Building the Ultimate Physique by Sergio Oliva and Frank Marchante, Foreword (Gras Publishing Company 2007)
9. ^{{cite news |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1986-07-25/news/8602230659_1_body-building-mr-universe-world-cup-seven-times |title=Ex-mr. Universe Turned Cop Shot In Quarrel With His Wife |work=Chicago Tribune |date=July 25, 1986 |accessdate=June 20, 2015}}
10. ^[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0072003/ Black Power (1975)] IMDb
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://npcnewsonline.com/sergio-oliva-passes-away/42122/ |title=Sergio Oliva Passes Away |publisher=NPC News Online |date= |accessdate=2012-11-13}}
12. ^Sergio Oliva the Myth, Building the Ultimate Physique by Sergio Oliva and Frank Marchante 2007 page 320 {by Gras Publishing company}

Early life