| 词条 | Serhetabat |
| 释义 |
|official_name = Serhetabat |native_name = |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Turkmenistan |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_mapsize = 300 |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Turkmenistan |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name = Turkmenistan |subdivision_name1 = Mary Province |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |established_title = |established_date = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |area_magnitude = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_land_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_urban_km2 = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_as_of= 1991 |population_footnotes = |population_total = 5,200 (approximate) |population_urban = |population_metro = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_density_km2 = |timezone = TMT |utc_offset = +5 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|35|17|N|62|21|E|region:TM|display=inline}} |elevation_footnotes=[1] |elevation_m = 747 |elevation_ft = 2454 |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |website = |footnotes = }} Serhetabat (formerly Guşgy in Turkmen, Kushka or Kuschka in Russian) is a small town in the Mary Province in Turkmenistan, located in the valley of the Kushka River. The population is 5,200 (1991). It is immediately opposite to Torghundi in Afghanistan, with which it is connected by a road and a {{RailGauge|1520mm}} gauge railway. OverviewIn 1885, Serhetabat and the surrounding region was seized from Afghanistan by the Russian forces as a result of the Panjdeh Incident (also referred to as the Battle of Kushka), in which about 600 Afghan soldiers were overwhelmed by over 2500 Russian forces.[2] The settlement was founded in 1890 as a Russian military outpost. A local rail line branching from Merv on the Central Asian Railway was inaugurated on 1 March 1901, causing some degree of international excitement.[3] The town of Kushka used to be the southernmost point of the Russian Empire and Soviet Union. A 10-metre stone cross, installed to commemorate the tercentenary of the Romanov Dynasty in 1913, is a memorial to this fact. TransportThe broad gauge former Soviet Railway crosses into Afghanistan at the station, Torghundi being the railhead station on the other side. It was built in 1960.[4] In 2007, this line was restored to use.[5] ClimateSerhetabat has a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh), with cool winters and very hot summers. Rainfall is moderate in winter and spring, but summer is extremely dry. {{Weather box|location=Serhetabat |metric first=yes |single line=yes |Jan record high C = 27.1 |Feb record high C = 31.0 |Mar record high C = 34.5 |Apr record high C = 37.8 |May record high C = 42.3 |Jun record high C = 47.6 |Jul record high C = 45.3 |Aug record high C = 43.5 |Sep record high C = 43.4 |Oct record high C = 38.6 |Nov record high C = 33.2 |Dec record high C = 31.5 |year record high C = 47.6 |Jan high C = 9.5 |Feb high C = 11.6 |Mar high C = 17.0 |Apr high C = 23.6 |May high C = 30.0 |Jun high C = 35.1 |Jul high C = 37.0 |Aug high C = 35.5 |Sep high C = 30.3 |Oct high C = 24.2 |Nov high C = 18.3 |Dec high C = 12.0 |year high C = 23.7 |Jan mean C = 3.6 |Feb mean C = 5.4 |Mar mean C = 10.4 |Apr mean C = 16.3 |May mean C = 21.9 |Jun mean C = 27.1 |Jul mean C = 29.3 |Aug mean C = 27.4 |Sep mean C = 21.2 |Oct mean C = 14.9 |Nov mean C = 9.9 |Dec mean C = 5.5 |year mean C = 16.1 |Jan low C = -0.8 |Feb low C = 0.6 |Mar low C = 5.1 |Apr low C = 9.7 |May low C = 13.8 |Jun low C = 17.8 |Jul low C = 19.8 |Aug low C = 17.7 |Sep low C = 12.0 |Oct low C = 6.7 |Nov low C = 3.6 |Dec low C = 0.8 |year low C = 8.9 |Jan record low C = -33.8 |Feb record low C = -27.7 |Mar record low C = -19.6 |Apr record low C = -5.5 |May record low C = -0.8 |Jun record low C = 4.1 |Jul record low C = 9.7 |Aug record low C = 5.5 |Sep record low C = -3.7 |Oct record low C = -10.5 |Nov record low C = -19.3 |Dec record low C = -24.5 |year record low C = -33.8 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 52 |Feb precipitation mm = 50 |Mar precipitation mm = 78 |Apr precipitation mm = 38 |May precipitation mm = 13 |Jun precipitation mm = 0.5 |Jul precipitation mm = 0 |Aug precipitation mm = 0 |Sep precipitation mm = 0.5 |Oct precipitation mm = 4 |Nov precipitation mm = 17 |Dec precipitation mm = 42 |year precipitation mm = 295 |Jan rain days = 7 |Feb rain days = 9 |Mar rain days = 11 |Apr rain days = 7 |May rain days = 3 |Jun rain days = 0.3 |Jul rain days = 0.1 |Aug rain days = 0.1 |Sep rain days = 0.3 |Oct rain days = 2 |Nov rain days = 5 |Dec rain days = 7 |year rain days = 52 |Jan snow days = 5 |Feb snow days = 6 |Mar snow days = 2 |Apr snow days = 0.3 |May snow days = 0 |Jun snow days = 0 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 0.1 |Nov snow days = 1 |Dec snow days = 3 |year snow days = 17 |Jan humidity = 74 |Feb humidity = 73 |Mar humidity = 71 |Apr humidity = 62 |May humidity = 43 |Jun humidity = 28 |Jul humidity = 25 |Aug humidity = 25 |Sep humidity = 30 |Oct humidity = 43 |Nov humidity = 58 |Dec humidity = 71 |year humidity = 50 |Jan sun = 135 |Feb sun = 132 |Mar sun = 156 |Apr sun = 210 |May sun = 323 |Jun sun = 371 |Jul sun = 384 |Aug sun = 365 |Sep sun = 314 |Oct sun = 265 |Nov sun = 186 |Dec sun = 136 |year sun = 2977 |source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net[6] |source 2 = NOAA (sun only, 1961–1990)[7] }} References1. ^{{cite web|title=Kushka, Turkmenistan|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/UZ/00/Kushka.html|publisher=Falling Rain Global Gazetteer|accessdate=1 February 2013}} 2. ^Clements, Frank. [https://books.google.com/books?id=bv4hzxpo424C Conflict in Afghanistan: A Historical Encyclopedia]. pp 198. Retrieved 2012-09-03. 3. ^{{Cite news|title=Russia's secret railroad: Unknown to the world, 220 miles of rails have been laid|newspaper=The Deseret News|date=1899-04-08|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-JkEAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bzADAAAAIBAJ&pg=4013,1253311&dq=herat+railway&hl=en}} 4. ^Hamid Wahed Alikuzai {{Google books|-WRlAQAAQBAJ|A Concise History of Afghanistan in 25 Volumes, Volume 1|pg=739}} 5. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view//afghan-rebuild-underway.html| work=Railway Gazette International| title=Afghan rebuild underway| date=12 July 2007}} 6. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/38987.htm| title = Weather and Climate-The Climate of Serhetabat| language = Russian| publisher = Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)| accessdate = 18 March 2016}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Climate Normals for Kuska|url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/RA/38987.TXT|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=1 February 2013}} 3 : Populated places in Mary Province|Populated places established in 1890|Afghanistan–Turkmenistan border crossings |
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