| 词条 | Serifos | |||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Serifos |name_local = Σέριφος |image_map = 2011 Dimos Serifou.png |image_skyline = Serifos airview.jpg |caption_skyline = Airview |coordinates = {{coord|37|09|N|24|30|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |elevation_min = 0 |elevation_max = 585 |periph = South Aegean |periphunit = Milos |pop_municipality = 1420 |area_municipality = 75.21 |mayor = Antonios Antonakis |party = |since = 2010 |population_as_of = 2011 |postal_code = 840 05 |area_code = 22810 |licence = EM |website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20071011032519/http://www.serifos.gr/ www.serifos.gr] }} Serifos ({{lang-el|Σέριφος}}, {{lang-la|Seriphus}}, also Seriphos; formerly Serpho or Serphanto) is a Greek island municipality in the Aegean Sea, located in the western Cyclades, south of Kythnos and northwest of Sifnos. It is part of the Milos regional unit. The area is {{convert|75.207|km2|3|abbr=out}}[1] and the population was 1,420 at the 2011 census. It is located about {{convert|170|km|nmi|0|abbr=off}} ESE of Piraeus. In Greek mythology, Serifos is where Danaë and her infant son Perseus washed ashore after her father Acrisius, in response to an oracle that his own grandson would kill him, set them adrift at sea in a wooden chest. When Perseus returned to Serifos with the head of the Gorgon Medusa, he turned Polydektes, the king of Serifos, and his retainers into stone as punishment for the king's attempt to marry his mother by force. In antiquity, the island was proverbial for the alleged muteness of its frogs.[2] During the Roman imperial period, Serifos was a place of exile. After 1204 it became a minor dependency of the Venetian dukes of the Archipelago. In the late 19th century Serifos experienced a modest economic boom from the exploitation of the island's extensive iron ore deposits. The mines closed in the 1960s, and Serifos now depends on tourism and small-scale agriculture. AntiquitiesWorked blocks of island marble built into the walls of the medieval castle crowning Chora, the hilltop main town of Serifos, show that the ancient capital was there as well. Chance finds, primarily marble funerary sculpture, are displayed in the Archaeological Collection in Chora (open Tues.-Sun.). The most impressive ancient monument is the (Άσπρος Πύργος), a Hellenistic marble watchtower (c. 300 BC) with walls preserved to 2 m. and an interior staircase, standing on a hilltop just east of the road from Chora to Mega Livadi, near Mega Chorio. Work began in 2011 to study the fallen blocks for an eventual reconstruction. At least four other ancient towers have been located, including the megalithic Psaros Pyrgos (Ψαρός Πύργος) or "Couch of the Cyclops" in the SW corner of the island. The so-called "Castle of the Old Lady" (Κάστρο της Γριάς) above Ganema and Koutalas preserves scant remains of a collapsed dry-stone construction in a notch below the twin rocky summits. Rough fragments of white marble and rooftile, and archaic fine-ware potsherds on the SE terraces of the hillside suggest the existence of an ancient sanctuary.[3] The fortified Monastery of the Taxiarchs, dedicated to the Archangels Michael and Gabriel, was built in 1572 just outside the village of Galani. The sole monk is Archimandrite Makarios, who entered the monastery as a youth in 1958 and continues (June 2012) to maintain it with admirable devotion. Churches galleryHistorySeriphos was colonised by Ionians from Athens, and it was one of the few islands which refused submission to Xerxes I.[4] By subsequent writers Seriphos is almost always mentioned with contempt on account of its poverty and insignificance;[5] and it was for this reason employed by the Roman emperors as a place of banishment for state criminals.[6][7] It is curious that the ancient writers make no mention of the iron and copper mines of Seriphos, which were, however, worked in antiquity, as is evident from existing traces, and which, one might have supposed, would have bestowed some prosperity upon the island. But though the ancient writers are silent about the mines, they are careful to relate that the frogs of Seriphos differ from the rest of their fraternity by being mute.[8] The miners' strike of 1916{{sources|date=November 2018}}The anarchosyndicalist Konstantinos Speras was an organizer of the August 1916 miners' strike on Serifos. The royalist police killed four workers as part of the strike's events.[9] In the 20th century, the mines of Serifos were exploited by the mining company "Societe des mines Seriphos-Spiliazeza," under the direction of German mineralogist A. Grohmann (died 1905). In the summer of 1916, in response to low pay, excessive working hours, poor safety conditions, and the company's refusal to rehire workers who had been drafted into the Greek army and recently demobilized, the 460 miners formed a union and organized a strike. Their leader was Constantinos Speras, a Serifos native educated in Egypt, who was an anarcho-syndicalist with long experience of labour struggles on the Greek mainland{. In response to the strike, Grohman asked for the help of Greek authorities, who sent a 30-man gendarmerie (Χωροφυλακή) detachment from nearby Kea. After detaining Speras and the strike committee, the gendarmerie lieutenant ordered his men to fire on the workers, who had gathered at the ore loading dock at Megalo Livadi and refused to permit a cargo ship to be loaded. Four workers were killed and a dozen wounded. The workers, supported by their wives, attacked the gendarmes with stones, killing three of them and routing the others. The freed leadership took control of island institutions and send a message placing Serifos under protection of the French fleet at Milos. This effort at collective proletarian self-organisation was cut short by the refusal of the French navy to intervene, and by the arrival of a Greek warship. Speras was arrested and charged with high treason, but released a few months later when the royalist government was ousted. Grohmann was given once again the control of the mines, after granting improved working conditions and an 8-hour workday.{{citation needed|date=November 2018}} Historical population
Communities
See also
Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf|publisher=National Statistical Service of Greece|title=Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)|language=el}} {{DGRG|title=Seriphos}}2. ^Aelian, De natura animalium 3.37 3. ^Serifos Archaeological Collection, wall displays (June 2012) 4. ^{{Cite Herodotus|8.46, 8.48}} 5. ^Aristophanes, Ach. 542; Plato Rep. i. p. 329; Plutarch de Exsil. 7. p. 602; Cicero de Nat. Deor. 1.3. 1, de Senect. 3. 6. ^{{Cite Tacitus|Annals|2.85, 4.21}} 7. ^Juvenal 6.564, 10.170; Seneca ad Consol. 6. 8. ^Aristotle Mir. Ausc. 70; Aelian, NA 3.37; Suda, s.v. Βάτραχος ἐκ Σερίφου; {{Cite Pliny|8.58.83}} 9. ^{{cite book|last1=Vradis |first1=Antonios |last2=Dalakoglou |first2=Dimitrios K. |chapter=Anarchism, Greece |pages=126–127 |editor-last1=Ness |editor-first1=Immanuel |editorlink=Immanuel Ness |title=The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest: 1500 to the Present |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4051-8464-9 |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |doi=10.1002/9781405198073.wbierp0057 }} External links{{commons category}}
10 : Municipalities of the South Aegean|Mediterranean port cities and towns in Greece|Cyclades|Islands of Greece|Populated places in Milos (regional unit)|Landforms of Milos (regional unit)|Islands of the South Aegean|Members of the Delian League|Locations in Greek mythology|Populated places in the ancient Aegean islands |
|||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。