| 词条 | Listeria phage P100 |
| 释义 |
| name = Listeria phage P100 | virus_group = i | ordo = Caudovirales | familia = Myoviridae | subfamilia = Spounavirinae | genus = Twortlikevirus | species = Listeria phage P100 }}Listeria phage P100 is a virus of the family Myoviridae, genus Twortlikevirus.[1][2] As a member of the group I of the Baltimore classification, Listeria phage P100 is a dsDNA virus. As a member of the family Myoviridae, P100 shares a nonenveloped morphology consisting of a head and a tail separated by a neck. Its genome is linear. The propagation of the virions includes the attaching to a host cell (a bacterium, as Listeria phage P100 is a bacteriophage) and the injection of the double stranded DNA; the host transcribes and translates it to manufacture new particles. To replicate its genetic content requires host cell DNA polymerases and, hence, the process is highly dependent on the cell cycle.[3] CharacteristicsListeria phage P100 targets Listeria monocytogenes, the bacterial pathogen responsible for listeriosis. Unlike most phages infecting bacteria in the genus Listeria, Listeria phage P100 is a virulent phage.[4][5] This means that it is strictly lytic, making it absolutely lethal to Listeria after infection.[6] the contractile tail of the Listeria phage P100 serves as the mechanism in which DNA is ejected from the (non-encased) protein capsid into the host's cytoplasm, where DNA replication occurs independently from the host. Additionally, the P100 type has a very larger host range, accounting for over 95% of all bacteria types within the Listeria that appear in food (unlike most phages in its genus.) Treatment PotentialListeria phage P100 has been proposed as food additive to control Listeria monocytogenes,[7] the bacteria responsible for Listeriosis. Aside from its wide host range and virulence, recent bioinformatic analyses were done to study the possible use of Listeria phage P100 as a possible food additive.[7] Results have indicated that none among the phage proteins have homology to genes or proteins of Listeria, or other related toxins or any possible factors known to related to antibiotic resistance. Listeria phage P100 has additionally been shown to be generally stable under storage conditions.[8]Listeria phage P100 is a key component to the food additive Listex P100, which has received GRAS (generally recognized as safe) status by the US food and drug administration and is currently approved for use in the European Union as well. GenomeIts genome contains 131,385 base pairs that encode 174 open reading frames and 18 tRNAs.[7] the requirement for each open reading frame (ORF) was the presence of one of the following start codons: ATG, TTG, or GTG as well as a suitable ribosomal binding site and a minimum length of 40 encoded amino acids.[7] P100 appears to be closely related to Listeria phage A511, which is also virulent. Both belong morphologically to the Myoviridae family. Further phenotypical observations also correlate well, showing significant nucleotide homologies between them.[6] There are also some shared sequences with other Myoviridae phages that infect Gram-Positive bacteria.[9] References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://talk.ictvonline.org/files/ictv_documents/m/msl/4090.aspx|title=Master Species List of 2011, version 2|author=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)|year=2011|access-date=15 October 2012}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q16984730}}2. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Adams MJ, Carstens EB | title = Ratification vote on taxonomic proposals to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2012) | journal = Archives of Virology | volume = 157 | issue = 7 | pages = 1411–22 | date = July 2012 | pmid = 22481600 | doi = 10.1007/s00705-012-1299-6 }} 3. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Baltimore D | title = Expression of animal virus genomes | journal = Bacteriological Reviews | volume = 35 | issue = 3 | pages = 235–41 | date = September 1971 | pmid = 4329869 | pmc = 378387 }} 4. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Carlton RM, Noordman WH, Biswas B, de Meester ED, Loessner MJ | title = Bacteriophage P100 for control of Listeria monocytogenes in foods: genome sequence, bioinformatic analyses, oral toxicity study, and application | journal = Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology | volume = 43 | issue = 3 | pages = 301–12 | date = December 2005 | pmid = 16188359 | doi = 10.1016/j.yrtph.2005.08.005 | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273230005001534 }} 5. ^{{Cite book|title=Phages: Their Role in Pathogen and Biotechnology|date=2005-09-27|publisher=ASM Press|isbn=9781555813079|editor-last=Waldor|editor-first=Matthew K. | name-list-format = vanc |edition=1st|location=Washington, DC|language=English|editor-last2=Friedman|editor-first2=David I.|editor-last3=Adhya|editor-first3=Sankar L.}} 6. ^1 {{cite journal | vauthors = van der Mee-Marquet N, Loessner M, Audurier A | title = Evaluation of seven experimental phages for inclusion in the international phage set for the epidemiological typing of Listeria monocytogenes | journal = Applied and Environmental Microbiology | volume = 63 | issue = 9 | pages = 3374–7 | date = September 1997 | pmid = 9292987 | pmc = 168643 | url = http://aem.asm.org/content/63/9/3374 }} 7. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal | vauthors = Carlton RM, Noordman WH, Biswas B, de Meester ED, Loessner MJ | title = Bacteriophage P100 for control of Listeria monocytogenes in foods: genome sequence, bioinformatic analyses, oral toxicity study, and application | journal = Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology | volume = 43 | issue = 3 | pages = 301–12 | date = December 2005 | pmid = 16188359 | doi = 10.1016/j.yrtph.2005.08.005 }} 8. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Iacumin L, Manzano M, Comi G | title = Phage Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes on San Daniele Dry-Cured Ham and Elimination of Biofilms from Equipment and Working Environments | journal = Microorganisms | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | pages = 4 | date = January 2016 | pmid = 27681898 | pmc = 5029509 | doi = 10.3390/microorganisms4010004 }} 9. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = O'Flaherty S, Coffey A, Edwards R, Meaney W, Fitzgerald GF, Ross RP | title = Genome of staphylococcal phage K: a new lineage of Myoviridae infecting gram-positive bacteria with a low G+C content | journal = Journal of Bacteriology | volume = 186 | issue = 9 | pages = 2862–71 | date = May 2004 | pmid = 15090528 | pmc = 387793 | doi = 10.1128/JB.186.9.2862-2871.2004 }} 1 : Myoviridae |
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