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词条 List of African-American United States Representatives
释义

  1. First generation of African-American House members, 1870–1887

  2. Second generation of African-American House members, 1889–1901

  3. Third generation of African-American House members, 1929–1970

  4. Fourth generation of African-American House members, 1971–present

     House Delegates (non-voting members) 

  5. African Americans elected to the House of Representatives, but not seated

  6. See also

     Federal government  State and local government 

  7. Notes

  8. References

  9. Further reading

  10. External links

{{multiple image |image1=Joseph Rainey - Brady-Handy.jpg |direction=horizontal |width1=200 |alt1= |image2=Shirley Chisholm.jpg |width2=174 |alt2= |footer=Joseph Rainey (left) and Shirley Chisholm (right) are, respectively, the first African American and the first African-American woman to serve in the United States House of Representatives.}}

The United States House of Representatives has had 153 elected African-American members, of whom 147 have been Representatives from U.S. states and 6 have been Delegates from U.S. territories and the District of Columbia.[1] The House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral United States Congress, which is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. The U.S. Census Bureau defines African Americans as citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa.[2] The term is generally used for Americans with at least partial ancestry in any of the original peoples of sub-Saharan Africa. During the founding of the federal government, African Americans were consigned to a status of second-class citizenship or enslaved.[3] No African American served in federal elective office before the ratification in 1870 of the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Fifteenth Amendment prohibits the federal and state governments from denying any citizen the right to vote because of that citizen's race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Joseph Rainey was the first African-American representative to be seated in the U.S. House. He served South Carolina's 1st congressional district beginning in 1870 during the Reconstruction era following the American Civil War. The first African-American woman to serve as a representative was Shirley Chisholm from New York's 12th congressional district in 1969 during the Civil Rights Movement. Many African-American members of the House of Representatives serve majority-minority districts.[4] These congressional districts are gerrymandered, limit serious challenges to their re-election, and limit their abilities to represent a larger, more diverse constituency.[4] Overall, 29 of the 50 U.S. states, plus the U.S. Virgin Islands and the District of Columbia, have elected an African American to represent them in the U.S. House of Representatives, with Colorado and Massachusetts being the most recent to elect their first in 2018; out of these, 19 states, plus the U.S. Virgin Islands and the District of Columbia, have elected an African-American woman to represent them in the U.S. House. Illinois' 1st congressional district has the longest continuous streak of electing African-American representatives, a tendency which has occurred since 1929 to the present. There currently are 52 African-American Representatives and two African-American Delegates in the United States House of Representatives. Most are members of the Congressional Black Caucus.

First generation of African-American House members, 1870–1887

(Note: Representatives are organized first in chronological order according to their first term in office, then second in alphabetical order according to their surname.)
Political Party
{{legend2|{{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}|Republican|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
RepresentativeCongressional DistrictTook officeLeft officePartyCongressFormer slave{{Tooltip|Ref.|ReferencesNote
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Joseph Rainey - Brady-Handy.jpg|bSize=298|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=52}}Joseph Rainey
{{small|(1832–1887)}}		South Carolina's 1st{{dts|December 12, 1870}}{{dts|March 3, 1879}}Republican{{small>(1869–1871)}}Yes[5]{{#tag:ref|Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Benjamin Whittemore. Lost office during reelection. First African American to serve in the United States House of Representatives and the first to serve in Congress from South Carolina.[5]|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1877–1879)}}
Image=Jefferson F. Long - Brady-Handy.jpg|bSize=328|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=20|oLeft=62}}Jefferson F. Long
{{small>(1836–1901)}}		Georgia's 4thJanuary 16, 1871}}March 3, 1871}}Republican{{small>(1869–1871)}}Yes[6]Elected to fill vacancy caused by the House of Representatives denial to seat Samuel F. Gove.[6] He retired from office.[6] First African American to serve in Congress from Georgia.|group="note"}}
Image=Robert C. DeLarge - Brady-Handy.jpg|bSize=370|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=27|oLeft=96}}Robert C. De Large
{{small>(1842–1874)}}		South Carolina's 2ndMarch 4, 1871}}January 24, 1873}}Republican{{small>(1871–1873)}}No[7]Unseated in 1873 by a contested election that involved Christopher C. Bowen, the previous seat holder.[8] The seat remained vacant until March 1873.[7]|group="note"}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Robert B. Elliott.jpg|bSize=197|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=10|oLeft=36}}Robert B. Elliott
{{small|(1842–1884)}}		South Carolina's 3rd{{dts|March 4, 1871}}{{dts|November 1, 1874}}Republican{{small>(1871–1873)}}No[9]{{#tag:ref|Resigned from office.[9] Elected in November 1874 to the South Carolina House of Representatives.[9]|group="note"}}
{{small>(1873–1875)}}
Image=Benjamin S. Turner - Brady-Handy.jpg|bSize=397|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=63|oLeft=116}}Benjamin S. Turner
{{small>(1825–1894)}}		Alabama's 1stMarch 4, 1871}}March 3, 1873}}Republican{{small>(1871–1873)}}Yes[10]Lost office during reelection. First African American to serve in Congress from Alabama.|group="note"}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Walls josiah.jpg|bSize=348|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=24|oLeft=98}}Josiah T. Walls
{{small|(1842–1905)}}		Florida's at-largeMarch 4, 1871}}January 29, 1873}}Republican{{small>(1871–1873)}}Yes[11]{{#tag:ref|Removed from office in 1873 and 1876 due to contested elections that involved Silas L. Niblack[12] and Jesse Finley,[13] respectively.First African American to serve in Congress from Florida.|group="note"}}
March 4, 1873}}March 3, 1875}}{{small>(1873–1875)}}
Florida's 2ndMarch 4, 1875}}April 19, 1876}}{{small>(1875–1877)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Richard Harvey Cain.jpg|bSize=190|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=11|oLeft=29}}Richard H. Cain
{{small|(1825–1887)}}		South Carolina's at-largeMarch 4, 1873}}March 3, 1875}}Republican{{small>(1873–1875)}}No[14]{{#tag:ref|Retired from office.|group="note"}}
South Carolina's 2ndMarch 4, 1877}}March 3, 1879}}{{small>(1877–1879)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=John R. Lynch.jpg|bSize=203|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=20|oLeft=44}}John R. Lynch
{{small|(1847–1939)}}		Mississippi's 6th{{dts|March 4, 1873}}{{dts|March 3, 1877}}Republican{{small>(1873–1875)}}Yes[15]{{#tag:ref|Seated in Congress after contested election that involved James Chalmers in 1882.[16] Lost office during reelection in 1883. First African American to serve in the United States House of Representatives from Mississippi. Youngest member of the 43rd United States Congress at age 26.|group="note"}}
{{small>(1875–1877)}}
April 29, 1882}}March 3, 1883}}{{small>(1881–1883)}}
Image=Alonzo J. Ransier - Brady-Handy.jpg|bSize=398|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=30|oLeft=81}}Alonzo J. Ransier
{{small>(1834–1882)}}		South Carolina's 2ndMarch 3, 1873}}March 3, 1875}}Republican{{small>(1873–1875)}}No[17]Retired from office. Former Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina.|group="note"}}
Image=James Rapier.jpg|bSize=144|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=12}}James T. Rapier
{{small>(1837–1883)}}		Alabama's 2ndMarch 4, 1873}}March 3, 1875}}Republican{{small>(1873–1875)}}No[18]Lost office during reelection.|group="note"}}
Image=Jeremiah Haralson - Brady-Handy.jpg|bSize=260|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=10|oLeft=50}}Jeremiah Haralson
{{small>(1846–1916)}}		Alabama's 1stMarch 4, 1875}}March 3, 1877}}Republican{{small>(1875–1877)}}Yes[19]Lost office during reelection.|group="note"}}
Image=Rep. John Adams Hyman.jpg|bSize=130|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}John Adams Hyman
{{small>(1840–1891)}}		North Carolina's 2ndMarch 4, 1875}}March 3, 1877}}Republican{{small>(1875–1877)}}Yes[20]Lost office during re-nomination. First African American to serve in Congress from North Carolina. |group="note"}}
Image=Charles E. Nash, MC (1875-77).jpg|bSize=210|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=10|oLeft=40}}Charles E. Nash
{{small>(1844–1913)}}		Louisiana's 6thMarch 4, 1875}}March 3, 1877}}Republican{{small>(1875–1877)}}No[21]Lost office during reelection. First African American to serve in Congress from Louisiana.|group="note"}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Robert Smalls - Brady-Handy.jpg|bSize=260|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=10|oLeft=53}}Robert Smalls
{{small|(1839–1915)}}		South Carolina's 5th{{dts|March 4, 1875}}{{dts|March 3, 1879}}Republican{{small>(1875–1877)}}Yes[22]{{#tag:ref|Seated in Congress after contested election that involved George Tillman in 1882.[23] Elected in 1884 to fill vacancy caused by death of Edmund Mackey. Lost reelection and retired from office in final term.|group="note"}}
{{small>(1877–1879)}}
July 19, 1882}}March 3, 1883}}{{small>(1881–1883)}}
South Carolina's 7th{{dts|March 18, 1884}}{{dts|March 3, 1887}}{{small>(1883–1885)}}
{{small>(1885–1887)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=James E. O'Hara.jpg|bSize=150|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=10}}James E. O'Hara
{{small|(1844–1905)}}		North Carolina's 2nd{{dts|March 4, 1883}}{{dts|March 3, 1887}}Republican{{small>(1883–1885)}}No[24]{{#tag:ref|Lost office during reelection.[24]|group="note"}}
{{small>(1885–1887)}}

Second generation of African-American House members, 1889–1901

(Note: Representatives are organized first in chronological order according to their first term in office, then second in alphabetical order according to their surname.)
Political Party
{{legend2|{{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}|Republican|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
RepresentativeCongressional DistrictTook officeLeft officePartyCongressFormer slave{{Tooltip|Ref.|ReferencesNote
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Henry Plummer Cheatham.jpg|bSize=140|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=10}}Henry P. Cheatham
{{small|(1857–1935)}}		North Carolina's 2nd{{dts|March 4, 1889}}{{dts|March 3, 1893}}Republican{{small>(1889–1891)}}Yes[25]{{#tag:ref|Lost office during reelection. Brother-in-law of George Henry White.|group="note"}}
{{small>(1891–1893)}}
Image=John M. Langston.jpg|bSize=310|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=20|oLeft=90}}John Mercer Langston
{{small>(1829–1897)}}		Virginia's 4thSeptember 23, 1890}}March 3, 1891}}Republican{{small>(1889–1891)}}No[26]Seated in Congress after the contested election that involved Edward Venable in September 1890.[27] Lost office during reelection. First African American to serve in Congress from Virginia.|group="note"}}
Image=Thomas Ezekiel Miller.jpg|bSize=150|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=5}}Thomas E. Miller
{{small>(1849–1938)}}		South Carolina's 7thSeptember 24, 1890}}March 3, 1891}}Republican{{small>(1889–1891)}}No[28]Seated in Congress after contested election that involved William Elliott in September 1890.[29] Lost office during reelection in final term.|group="note"}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=George Washington Murray.jpg|bSize=175|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=25|oLeft=35}}George W. Murray
{{small|(1853–1926)}}		South Carolina's 7thMarch 4, 1893}}March 3, 1895}}Republican{{small>(1893–1895)}}Yes[30]{{#tag:ref|Seated in Congress after contested election that involved William Elliott in June 1896.[31] Lost office during reelection. Distant relative of Jim Clyburn.|group="note"}}
South Carolina's 1stJune 4, 1896}}March 3, 1897}}{{small>(1895–1897)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=George Henry White.jpg|bSize=190|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=35|oLeft=35}}George Henry White
{{small|(1852–1918)}}		North Carolina's 2nd{{dts|March 4, 1897}}{{dts|March 3, 1901}}Republican{{small>(1897–1899)}}Yes[32]{{#tag:ref|Retired from office. Brother-in-law of Henry P. Cheatham. The last African American to serve in Congress from a Southern state until Barbara Jordan from Texas and Andrew Young from Georgia in 1973.|group="note"}}
{{small>(1899–1901)}}

Third generation of African-American House members, 1929–1970

(Note: Representatives are organized first in chronological order according to their first term in office, then second in alphabetical order according to their surname.)
Political Parties
{{legend2|{{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|Democratic|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{legend2|{{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}|Republican|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
RepresentativeCongressional DistrictTook officeLeft officePartyCongress{{Tooltip|Ref.|ReferencesNote
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Oscar Stanton De Priest.jpg|bSize=280|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=10|oLeft=93}}Oscar Stanton De Priest
{{small|(1871–1951)}}		Illinois's 1st{{dts|March 4, 1929}}{{dts|January 3, 1935}}Republican{{small>(1929–1931)}}[33]{{#tag:ref|Lost office during reelection to Arthur W. Mitchell. First African American to serve in Congress from Illinois and the first to serve from outside the southern states.|group="note"}}
{{small>(1931–1933)}}
{{small>(1933–1935)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Arthur W. Mitchell.jpg|bSize=270|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=20|oLeft=70}}Arthur W. Mitchell
{{small|(1883–1968)}}		Illinois's 1st{{dts|January 3, 1935}}{{dts|January 3, 1943}}Democratic{{small>(1935–1937)}}[34]{{#tag:ref|Retired from office. First African American to be elected to Congress as a member of the Democratic party.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1941–1943)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=William L. Dawson.jpg|bSize=283|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=10|oLeft=75}}William L. Dawson
{{small|(1886–1970)}}		Illinois's 1st{{dts|January 3, 1943}}{{dts|November 9, 1970}}Democratic{{small>(1943–1945)}}[35]{{#tag:ref|Died while in office.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1969–1971)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Adam Clayon Powell Jr.jpg|bSize=125|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
{{small|(1908–1972)}}		New York's 22nd{{dts|January 3, 1945}}{{dts|January 3, 1953}}Democratic{{small>(1945–1947)}}[36]{{#tag:ref|Excluded from membership in the 90th United States Congress in February 1967. Reelected to fill vacancy caused by exclusion from membership, but did not take oath of office. Lost office during renomination. First African American to serve in Congress from New York.[36]|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1951–1953)}}
New York's 16th{{dts|January 3, 1953}}{{dts|January 3, 1963}}{{small>(1953–1955)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1961–1963)}}
New York's 18th{{dts|January 3, 1963}}{{dts|February 28, 1967}}{{small>(1963–1965)}}
{{small>(1965–1967)}}
90th
{{small|(1967–1969)}}
{{dts|April 11, 1967}}{{dts|January 3, 1971}}
{{small>(1969–1971)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Charles C. Diggs.jpg|bSize=230|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=55}}Charles Diggs
{{small|(1922–1998)}}		Michigan's 13th{{dts|January 3, 1955}}{{dts|June 3, 1980}}Democratic{{small>(1955–1957)}}[37]{{#tag:ref|Censured, resigned and jailed for three years for mail fraud. First African American to serve in Congress from Michigan. The first person to serve as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 91st United States Congress during the first session.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1979–1981)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Robert Nix, Sr..jpg|bSize=160|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=10}}Robert N. C. Nix Sr.
{{small|(1898–1987)}}		Pennsylvania's 4th{{dts|June 4, 1958}}{{dts|January 3, 1963}}Democratic{{small>(1957–1959)}}[38]{{#tag:ref|Elected to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Earl Chudoff in 1958. Lost office during renomination. First African American to serve in Congress from Pennsylvania.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1961–1963)}}
Pennsylvania's 2nd{{dts|January 3, 1963}}{{dts|January 3, 1979}}{{small>(1963–1965)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1977–1979)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Augustus Freeman Hawkins.jpg|bSize =260|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=5|oLeft=65}}Augustus F. Hawkins
{{small|(1907–2007)}}		California's 21st{{dts|January 3, 1963}}{{dts|January 3, 1975}}Democratic{{small>(1963–1965)}}[39]{{#tag:ref|Retired from office. First African American to serve in Congress from California.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1973–1975)}}
California's 29th{{dts|January 3, 1975}}{{dts|January 3, 1991}}{{small>(1975–1977)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1989–1991)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=John conyers.jpg|bSize =200|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=8|oLeft=40}}John Conyers
{{small|(born 1929)}}		Michigan's 1st{{dts|January 3, 1965}}{{dts|January 3, 1993}}Democratic{{small>(1965–1967)}}[40]{{#tag:ref|Resigned after being accused of sexual harassment. First African-American to become Dean of the United States House of Representatives.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1991–1993)}}
Michigan's 14th{{dts|January 3, 1993}}{{dts|January 3, 2013}}{{small>(1993–1995)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2011–2013)}}
Michigan's 13th{{dts|January 3, 2013}}{{dts|December 5, 2017}}{{small>(2013–2015)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2017–2019)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Shirley Chisholm.jpg|bSize =159|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=8|oLeft=11}}Shirley Chisholm
{{small|(1924–2005)}}		New York's 12th{{dts|January 3, 1969}}{{dts|January 3, 1983}}Democratic{{small>(1969–1971)}}[41]{{#tag:ref|Retired from office. First African-American woman to serve in Congress and the first African-American woman to run as a presidential candidate in 1972.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1981–1983)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=BillClaySr.jpg|bSize=125|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}Bill Clay
{{small|(born 1931)}}		Missouri's 1st{{dts|January 3, 1969}}{{dts|January 3, 2001}}Democratic{{small>(1969–1971)}}[42]{{#tag:ref|Retired from office. His son, Lacy Clay, succeeded him in office. First African American to serve in Congress from Missouri.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1999–2001)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Louis Stokes.jpg|bSize =173|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=3|oLeft=23}}Louis Stokes
{{small|(1925–2015)}}		Ohio's 21st{{dts|January 3, 1969}}{{dts|January 3, 1993}}Democratic{{small>(1969–1971)}}[43]{{#tag:ref|Retired from office. First African American to serve in Congress from Ohio. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 92nd United States Congress during the second session and in the 93rd United States Congress during the first session.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1991–1993)}}
Ohio's 11th{{dts|January 3, 1993}}{{dts|January 3, 1999}}{{small>(1993–1995)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1997–1999)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=George Washington Collins.jpg|bSize =210|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=40}}George W. Collins
{{small|(1925–1972)}}		Illinois's 6th{{dts|November 3, 1970}}{{dts|December 8, 1972}}Democratic{{small>(1969–1971)}}[44]{{#tag:ref|Elected to Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Daniel Ronan. Died while in office and his wife, Cardiss Collins, filled the vacancy caused by his death.|group="note"}}
{{small>(1971–1973)}}

Fourth generation of African-American House members, 1971–present

(Note: Representatives are organized first in chronological order according to their first term in office, then second in alphabetical order according to their surname.)
Political Parties
{{legend2|{{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|Democratic|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{legend2|{{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}|Republican|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
RepresentativeCongressional DistrictTook officeLeft officePartyCongress{{Tooltip|Ref.|ReferencesNote
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Ron Dellums.jpg|bSize=340|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=20|oLeft=138}}Ron Dellums
{{small|(1935–2018)}}		California's 7th{{dts|January 3, 1971}}{{dts|January 3, 1975}}Democratic{{small>(1971–1973)}}[45]{{#tag:ref|Resigned from office. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 101st United States Congress.|group="note"}}
{{small>(1973–1975)}}
California's 8th{{dts|January 3, 1975}}{{dts|January 3, 1993}}{{small>(1975–1977)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1991–1993)}}
California's 9th{{dts|January 3, 1993}}{{dts|February 6, 1998}}{{small>(1993–1995)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1997–1999)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=RalphHMetcalfe1977.jpg|bSize=125|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}Ralph Metcalfe
{{small|(1910–1978)}}		Illinois's 1st{{dts|January 3, 1971}}{{dts|October 10, 1978}}Democratic{{small>(1971–1973)}}[46]{{#tag:ref|Died while in office.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1977–1979)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Parren Mitchell.jpg|bSize=358|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=25|oLeft=145}}Parren Mitchell
{{small|(1922–2007)}}		Maryland's 7th{{dts|January 3, 1971}}{{dts|January 3, 1987}}Democratic{{small>(1971–1973)}}[47]{{#tag:ref|Retired from office to run unsuccessfully as Lieutenant Governor of Maryland. First African American to serve in Congress from Maryland. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 95th United States Congress.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1985–1987)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Charles B Rangel Portrait.jpg|bSize=125|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}Charles Rangel
{{small|(born 1930)}}		New York's 18thJanuary 3, 1971}}January 3, 1973}}Democratic{{small>(1971–1973)}}[48]{{#tag:ref|Retired from office. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 93rd United States Congress during the second session and in the 94th United States Congress during the first session.|group="note"}}
New York's 19th{{dts|January 3, 1973}}{{dts|January 3, 1983}}{{small>(1973–1975)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1981–1983)}}
New York's 16th{{dts|January 3, 1983}}{{dts|January 3, 1993}}{{small>(1983–1985)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1991–1993)}}
New York's 15th{{dts|January 3, 1993}}{{dts|January 3, 2013}}{{small>(1993–1995)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2011–2013)}}
New York's 13th{{dts|January 3, 2013}}{{dts|January 3, 2017}}{{small>(2013–2015)}}
{{small>(2015–2017)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Yvonne burke.jpg|bSize=135|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=5|oLeft=5}}Yvonne Brathwaite Burke
{{small|(born 1932)}}		California's 37thJanuary 3, 1973}}January 3, 1975}}Democratic{{small>(1973–1975)}}[49]{{#tag:ref|Retired from office to run unsuccessfully as Attorney General of California. First woman to serve as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 94th United States Congress during the second session.|group="note"}}
California's 28th{{dts|January 3, 1975}}{{dts|January 3, 1979}}{{small>(1975–1977)}}
{{small>(1977–1979)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Rep. Barbara Jordan - Restoration.jpg|bSize=130|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=5}}Barbara Jordan
{{small|(1936–1996)}}		Texas's 18th{{dts|January 3, 1973}}{{dts|January 3, 1979}}Democratic{{small>(1973–1975)}}[50]{{#tag:ref|Retired from office. First African American to serve in Congress from Texas. Along with Andrew Young from Georgia, the first African American to serve in Congress from a Southern state since George Henry White from North Carolina in 1901.|group="note"}}
{{small>(1975–1977)}}
{{small>(1977–1979)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Andrew Jackson Young.jpg|bSize=140|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}Andrew Young
{{small|(born 1932)}}		Georgia's 5th{{dts|January 3, 1973}}{{dts|January 29, 1977}}Democratic{{small>(1973–1975)}}[51]{{#tag:ref|Resigned to become the United States Ambassador to the United Nations. Along with Barbara Jordan from Texas, the first African American to serve in Congress from a Southern state since George Henry White from North Carolina in 1901.|group="note"}}
{{small>(1975–1977)}}
{{small>(1977–1979)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Cardiss Collins - Restoration.jpg|bSize=130|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}Cardiss Collins
{{small|(1931–2013)}}		Illinois's 7th{{dts|June 5, 1973}}{{dts|January 3, 1997}}Democratic{{small>(1973–1975)}}[52]{{#tag:ref|Elected to fill vacancy caused by the death of her husband, George W. Collins. Retired from office. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 96th United States Congress.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1995–1997)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Harold Ford, Sr.jpg|bSize=133|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=8}}Harold Ford Sr.
{{small|(born 1945)}}		Tennessee's 8th{{dts|January 3, 1975}}{{dts|January 3, 1983}}Democratic{{small>(1975–1977)}}[53]{{#tag:ref|Retired from office. His son, Harold Ford Jr. succeeded him in office. First African American to serve in Congress from Tennessee.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1981–1983)}}
Tennessee's 9th{{dts|January 3, 1983}}{{dts|January 3, 1997}}{{small>(1983–1985)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1995–1997)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Julian Carey Dixon.jpg|bSize=145|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=8}}Julian Dixon
{{small|(1934–2000)}}		California's 28th{{dts|January 3, 1979}}{{dts|January 3, 1993}}Democratic{{small>(1979–1981)}}[54]{{#tag:ref|Reelected to the 107th United States Congress, but died before the commencement of the Congress. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 98th United States Congress.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1991–1993)}}
California's 32nd{{dts|January 3, 1993}}{{dts|December 8, 2000}}{{small>(1993–1995)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1999–2001)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=William Herbert Gray.jpg|bSize=125|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}William H. Gray III
{{small|(1941–2013)}}		Pennsylvania's 2nd{{dts|January 3, 1979}}{{dts|September 11, 1991}}Democratic{{small>(1979–1981)}}[55]{{#tag:ref|Resigned to become President of the United Negro College Fund. Served as chair for the House Democratic Caucus during the 101st United States Congress and House Democratic Whip during the 102nd United States Congress.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1991–1993)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=George Thomas 'Mickey' Leland.jpg|bSize=125|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}Mickey Leland
{{small|(1944–1989)}}		Texas's 18th{{dts|January 3, 1979}}{{dts|August 7, 1989}}Democratic{{small>(1979–1981)}}[56]{{#tag:ref|Died while in office. Served as chair for the Congressional Black Caucus in the 99th United States Congress.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1989–1991)}}
Image=Bennett Stewart.jpg|bSize=125|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}Bennett Stewart
{{small>(1912–1988)}}		Illinois's 1stJanuary 3, 1979}}January 3, 1981}}Democratic{{small>(1979–1981)}}[57]Lost office during renomination.|group="note"}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=George W. Crockett.jpg|bSize=170|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=5|oLeft=25}}George Crockett Jr.
{{small|(1909–1997)}}		Michigan's 13th{{dts|November 4, 1980}}{{dts|January 3, 1991}}Democratic{{small>(1979–1981)}}[58]{{#tag:ref|Elected to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Charles Diggs. Retired from office.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1989–1991)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Mervyn M. Dymally Assembly.jpg|bSize=180|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=20|oLeft=18}}Mervyn Dymally
{{small|(1926–2012)}}		California's 31st{{dts|January 3, 1981}}{{dts|January 3, 1993}}Democratic{{small>(1981–1983)}}[59]{{#tag:ref|Retired from office. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 100th United States Congress.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1991–1993)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image =Rep. Gus Savage.jpg |bSize=148|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=20}}Gus Savage
{{small|(1925–2015)}}		Illinois's 2nd{{dts|January 3, 1981}}{{dts|January 3, 1993}}Democratic{{small>(1981–1983)}}[60]{{#tag:ref|Lost office during renomination.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1991–1993)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Washington h.jpg|bSize=165|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=25}}Harold Washington
{{small|(1922–1987)}}		Illinois's 1st{{dts|January 3, 1981}}{{dts|April 30, 1983}}Democratic{{small>(1981–1983)}}[61]{{#tag:ref|Resigned to become Mayor of Chicago.|group="note"}}
{{small>(1983–1985)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Katie Beatrice Hall.jpg|bSize=160|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=23}}Katie Hall
{{small|(1938–2012)}}		Indiana's 1st{{dts|November 2, 1982}}{{dts|January 3, 1985}}Democratic{{small>(1981–1983)}}[62]{{#tag:ref|Elected to Congress to fill vacancy caused by the death of Adam Benjamin Jr. Lost office during renomination. First African American to serve in Congress from Indiana.|group="note"}}
{{small>(1983–1985)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Major Owens.jpg|bSize=160|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=25|oLeft=30}}Major Owens
{{small|(1936–2013)}}		New York's 12th{{dts|January 3, 1983}}{{dts|January 3, 1993}}Democratic{{small>(1983–1985)}}[63]{{#tag:ref|Retired from office.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1991–1993)}}
New York's 11th{{dts|January 3, 1993}}{{dts|January 3, 2007}}{{small>(1993–1995)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2005–2007)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Edolphus Towns Portrait.jpg|bSize=125|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}Edolphus Towns
{{small|(born 1934)}}		New York's 11th{{dts|January 3, 1983}}{{dts|January 3, 1993}}Democratic{{small>(1983–1985)}}[64]{{#tag:ref|Retired from office. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 102nd United States Congress.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1991–1993)}}
New York's 10th{{dts|January 3, 1993}}{{dts|January 3, 2013}}{{small>(1993–1995)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2011–2013)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Rep. Alan Wheat.jpg|bSize=170|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=20|oLeft=25}}Alan Wheat
{{small|(born 1951)}}		Missouri's 5th{{dts|January 3, 1983}}{{dts|January 3, 1995}}Democratic{{small>(1983–1985)}}[65]{{#tag:ref|Retired from office to run unsuccessfully for the United States Senate seat in Missouri.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1993–1995)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Rep. Charles Hayes.jpg|bSize=205|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=15|oLeft=25}}Charles Hayes
{{small|(1918–1997)}}		Illinois's 1st{{dts|August 23, 1983}}{{dts|January 3, 1993}}Democratic{{small>(1983–1985)}}[66]{{#tag:ref|Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Harold Washington. Lost office during renomination.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1991–1993)}}
Image=Alton Waldon.jpg|bSize=125|cWidth=125|cHeight=173|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}Alton Waldon
{{small>(born 1936)}}		New York's 6thJune 10, 1986}}January 3, 1987}}Democratic{{small>(1985–1987)}}[67]Elected to Congress to fill vacancy caused by the death of Joseph Addabbo. Lost office during renomination.|group="note"}}
{{CSS image crop|Image=Mike Espy.jpg|bSize=335|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=17|oLeft=113}}Mike Espy
{{small|(born 1953)}}		Mississippi's 2nd{{dts|January 3, 1987}}{{dts|January 22, 1993}}Democratic{{small>(1987–1989)}}[68]{{#tag:ref|Resigned to become the United States Secretary of Agriculture.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1993–1995)}}
{{CSS image crop|Image=Floyd Flake.jpg|bSize=125|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}Floyd Flake
{{small|(born 1945)}}		New York's 6th{{dts|January 3, 1987}}{{dts|November 17, 1997}}Democratic{{small>(1987–1989)}}[69]{{#tag:ref|Resigned to become a pastor at the Allen African Methodist Episcopal Church.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1997–1999)}}
{{CSS image crop|Image=John lewis official biopic.jpg|bSize=240|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=40|oLeft=36}}John Lewis
{{small|(born 1940)}}		Georgia's 5th{{dts|January 3, 1987}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(1987–1989)}}[70]{{#tag:ref|Served as Democratic chief whip in the 102nd through 109th Congresses. Also, served as the Democratic Senior Chief Deputy Whip in the 110th through 112th Congresses.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{CSS image crop|Image=Kweisi Mfume.jpg|bSize=130|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=4}}Kweisi Mfume
{{small|(born 1948)}}		Maryland's 7th{{dts|January 3, 1987}}{{dts|February 15, 1996}}Democratic{{small>(1987–1989)}}[71]{{#tag:ref|.Resigned to become Executive Director of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 103rd United States Congress. Also, served as co-chair of the Democratic Policy Committee in the 104th United States Congress.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1995–1997)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Donald M Payne Official.jpg|bSize=185|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=50|oLeft=10}}Donald M. Payne
{{small|(1934–2012)}}		New Jersey's 10th{{dts|January 3, 1989}}{{dts|March 6, 2012}}Democratic{{small>(1989–1991)}}[72]{{#tag:ref|Died while in office. His son, Donald Payne Jr., succeeded him in office. First African American to serve in Congress from New Jersey. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 104th United States Congress.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2011–2013)}}
{{CSS image crop|Image=Craig Washington 102nd Congress 1991.jpg|bSize=130|cWidth=125|cHeight=150|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}Craig Washington
{{small|(born 1941)}}		Texas's 18th{{dts|December 9, 1989}}{{dts|January 3, 1995}}Democratic{{small>(1989–1991)}}[73]{{#tag:ref|Elected to office to fill vacancy caused by death of Mickey Leland. Lost office during renomination.|group="note"}}
{{small>(1991–1993)}}
{{small>(1993–1995)}}
{{CSS image crop|Image=Barbara Rose Collins.jpg|bSize=174|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=8|oLeft=32}}Barbara-Rose Collins
{{small|(born 1939)}}		Michigan's 13thJanuary 3, 1991}}January 3, 1993}}Democratic{{small>(1991–1993)}}[74]{{#tag:ref|Lost office during renomination.|group="note"}}
Michigan's 15th{{dts|January 3, 1993}}{{dts|January 3, 1997}}{{small>(1993–1995)}}
{{small>(1995–1997)}}
{{CSS image crop|Image=Gary A. Franks.jpg|bSize=130|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}Gary Franks
{{small|(born 1953)}}		Connecticut's 5th{{dts|January 3, 1991}}{{dts|January 3, 1997}}Republican{{small>(1991–1993)}}[75]{{#tag:ref|Lost office during reelection. First African American to serve in Congress from Connecticut.|group="note"}}
{{small>(1993–1995)}}
{{small>(1995–1997)}}
{{CSS image crop|Image=William Jefferson, official photo.jpg|bSize=270|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=55|oLeft=85}}William J. Jefferson
{{small|(born 1947)}}		Louisiana's 2nd{{dts|January 3, 1991}}{{dts|January 3, 2009}}Democratic{{small>(1991–1993)}}[76]{{#tag:ref|Lost office during reelection. Sentenced to 13 years for bribery after a corruption investigation.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2007–2009)}}
{{CSS image crop|Image=Maxine Waters Official.jpg|bSize=230|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=6|oLeft=61}}Maxine Waters
{{small|(born 1938)}}		California's 29thJanuary 3, 1991}}January 3, 1993}}Democratic{{small>(1991–1993)}}[77]{{#tag:ref|Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 105th United States Congress. Served as vice chair of the Democratic Steering Committee in the 105th through 108th Congresses. Served as Democratic chief deputy whip in the 106th through 112th Congresses.|group="note"}}
California's 35th{{dts|January 3, 1993}}{{dts|January 3, 2013}}{{small>(1993–1995)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2011–2013)}}
California's 43rd{{dts|January 3, 2013}}Incumbent{{small>(2013–2015)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{CSS image crop|Image=Lucien Blackwell.jpg|bSize=320|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=20|oLeft=93}}Lucien Blackwell
{{small|(1931–2003)}}		Pennsylvania's 2nd{{dts|November 5, 1991}}{{dts|January 3, 1995}}Democratic{{small>(1991–1993)}}[78]{{#tag:ref|Elected to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of William H. Gray. Lost office during renomination.|group="note"}}
{{small>(1993–1995)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Clayton-nc1.jpg|bSize=146|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=14}}Eva Clayton
{{small|(born 1934)}}		North Carolina's 1st{{dts|November 3, 1992}}{{dts|January 3, 2003}}Democratic{{small>(1991–1993)}}[79]{{#tag:ref|Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Walter B. Jones Sr. Retired from office. Served as co-chair of the Democratic Policy Committee in the 104th United States Congress.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2001–2003)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Sanford Bishop.jpg|bSize=144|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=10|oLeft=18}}Sanford Bishop
{{small|(born 1947)}}		Georgia's 2nd{{dts|January 3, 1993}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(1993–1995)}}[80]
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Corrinebrown.jpeg|bSize=135|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=5|oLeft=6}}Corrine Brown
{{small|(born 1946)}}		Florida's 3rd{{dts|January 3, 1993}}{{dts|January 3, 2013}}Democratic{{small>(1993–1995)}}[81]{{#tag:ref|Lost office during renomination. Later convicted of fraud and tax evasion.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2011–2013)}}
Florida's 5th{{dts|January 3, 2013}}{{dts|January 3, 2017}}{{small>(2013–2015)}}
{{small>(2015–2017)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=James Clyburn, official Congressional Majority Whip photo.jpg|bSize=134|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=4|oLeft=8}}Jim Clyburn
{{small|(born 1940)}}		South Carolina's 6th{{dts|January 3, 1993}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(1993–1995)}}[82]{{#tag:ref|Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 106th United States Congress. Served as vice chair of the House Democratic Caucus in the 108th through 109th Congresses. Served as House majority whip in the 110th through 111th Congresses. Served as the Assistant Democratic Leader in the 112th United States Congress. Distant relative of George W. Murray.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Cleo Fields.jpg|bSize=130|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=5|oLeft=5}}Cleo Fields
{{small|(born 1962)}}		Louisiana's 4th{{dts|January 3, 1993}}{{dts|January 3, 1997}}Democratic{{small>(1993–1995)}}[83]{{#tag:ref|Retired from office. Youngest member of the 103rd United States Congress at age 30.|group="note"}}
{{small>(1995–1997)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Alcee Hastings Portrait c111-112th Congress.jpg|bSize=130|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=5|oLeft=5}}Alcee Hastings
{{small|(born 1936)}}		Florida's 23rd{{dts|January 3, 1993}}{{dts|January 3, 2013}}Democratic{{small>(1993–1995)}}[84]
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2011–2013)}}
Florida's 20th{{dts|January 3, 2013}}Incumbent{{small>(2013–2015)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Earl Hilliard.jpg|bSize=192|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=24|oLeft=30}}Earl Hilliard
{{small|(born 1942)}}		Alabama's 7th{{dts|January 3, 1993}}{{dts|January 3, 2003}}Democratic{{small>(1993–1995)}}[85]{{#tag:ref|Lost office during renomination.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2001–2003)}}
Eddie Bernice Johnson
{{small|(born 1935)}}		Texas's 30th{{dts|January 3, 1993}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(1993–1995)}}[86]{{#tag:ref|Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 107th United States Congress.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Cynthia McKinney.jpg|bSize=153|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=4|oLeft=18}}Cynthia McKinney
{{small|(born 1955)}}		Georgia's 11th{{dts|January 3, 1993}}{{dts|January 3, 1997}}Democratic{{small>(1993–1995)}}[87]{{#tag:ref|Lost office during renomination for the 2003 and 2007 terms.|group="note"}}
{{small>(1995–1997)}}
Georgia's 4th{{dts|January 3, 1997}}{{dts|January 3, 2003}}{{small>(1997–1999)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2001–2003)}}
January 3, 2005}}January 3, 2007}}{{small>(2005–2007)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Carrie P. Meek.jpg|bSize=132|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=4|oLeft=4}}Carrie Meek
{{small|(born 1926)}}		Florida's 17th{{dts|January 3, 1993}}{{dts|January 3, 2003}}Democratic{{small>(1993–1995)}}[88]{{#tag:ref|Retired from office. Her son, Kendrick Meek, succeeded her in office.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2001–2003)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Mel Reynolds.jpg|bSize=132|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}Mel Reynolds
{{small|(born 1952)}}		Illinois's 2nd{{dts|January 3, 1993}}{{dts|October 1, 1995}}Democratic{{small>(1993–1995)}}[89]{{#tag:ref|Resigned after being convicted on 12 counts of sexual assault, obstruction of justice and solicitation of child pornography and being sentenced to five years in prison.|group="note"}}
{{small>(1995–1997)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Bobby Rush official portrait (cropped).jpg|bSize=125|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}Bobby Rush
{{small|(born 1946)}}		Illinois's 1st{{dts|January 3, 1993}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(1993–1995)}}[90]
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=BobbyScott.jpg|bSize=148|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=2|oLeft=10}}Bobby Scott
{{small|(born 1947)}}		Virginia's 3rd{{dts|January 3, 1993}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(1993–1995)}}[91]
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Walter R. Tucker.jpg|bSize=195|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=12|oLeft=36}}Walter R. Tucker III
{{small|(born 1957)}}		California's 37th{{dts|January 3, 1993}}{{dts|December 15, 1995}}Democratic{{small>(1993–1995)}}[92]{{#tag:ref|Resigned due to scandals involving accepting and demanding bribes while mayor of Compton. Tucker was sentenced to 27 months in prison for extortion and tax evasion.|group="note"}}
{{small>(1995–1997)}}
Mel Watt
{{small|(born 1945)}}		North Carolina's 12th{{dts|January 3, 1993}}{{dts|January 6, 2014}}Democratic{{small>(1993–1995)}}[93]{{#tag:ref|Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 109th United States Congress. Resigned to become Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2013–2015)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Albert Wynn.jpg|bSize=220|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=36|oLeft=46}}Albert Wynn
{{small|(born 1951)}}		Maryland's 4th{{dts|January 3, 1993}}{{dts|May 31, 2008}}Democratic{{small>(1993–1995)}}[94]{{#tag:ref|Resigned following loss of renomination.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2007–2009)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Bennie Thompson official photo.jpg|bSize=200|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=24|oLeft=38}}Bennie Thompson
{{small|(born 1948)}}		Mississippi's 2nd{{dts|April 13, 1993}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(1993–1995)}}[95]{{#tag:ref|Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Mike Espy.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Chaka Fattah official headshot.jpg|bSize=220|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=6|oLeft=48}}Chaka Fattah
{{small|(born 1956)}}		Pennsylvania's 2nd{{dts|January 3, 1995}}{{dts|June 23, 2016}}Democratic{{small>(1995–1997)}}[96]{{#tag:ref|Resigned following loss of renomination and convictions for racketeering, fraud, and money laundering.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2015–2017)}}
Sheila Jackson Lee
{{small|(born 1950)}}		Texas's 18th{{dts|January 3, 1995}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(1995–1997)}}[97]
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Watts.JPG|bSize=130|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=12|oLeft=2}}J. C. Watts
{{small|(born 1957)}}		Oklahoma's 4th{{dts|January 3, 1995}}{{dts|January 3, 2003}}Republican{{small>(1995–1997)}}[98]{{#tag:ref|Retired from office. First African American to serve in Congress from Oklahoma. Served as chair of the House Republican Conference in the 106th through 107th Congresses.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2001–2003)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Jesse Jackson, Jr., official photo portrait.jpg|bSize=190|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=8|oLeft=31}}Jesse Jackson Jr.
{{small|(born 1965)}}		Illinois's 2nd{{dts|December 12, 1995}}{{dts|November 21, 2012}}Democratic{{small>(1995–1997)}}[99]{{#tag:ref|Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Mel Reynolds. Resigned, citing mental and physical health problems, but acknowledging that he was under two separate investigations by the House Ethics Committee and the FBI. Jackson pleaded guilty on February 20, 2013 to one count of wire and mail fraud. He was sentenced to 30 months in federal prison.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2011–2013)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Juanita Millender-McDonald.jpg|bSize=150|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=2|oLeft=2}}Juanita Millender-McDonald
{{small|(1938–2007)}}		California's 37th{{dts|March 26, 1996}}{{dts|April 22, 2007}}Democratic{{small>(1995–1997)}}[100]{{#tag:ref|Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Walter Tucker. Died while in office.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2007–2009)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Elijah Cummings official photo.jpg|bSize=155|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=10}}Elijah Cummings
{{small|(born 1951)}}		Maryland's 7th{{dts|April 16, 1996}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(1995–1997)}}[101]{{#tag:ref|Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Kweisi Mfume. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 108th United States Congress.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Carson julia.jpg|bSize=182|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=28}}Julia Carson
{{small|(1938–2007)}}		Indiana's 10th{{dts|January 3, 1997}}{{dts|January 3, 2003}}Democratic{{small>(1997–1999)}}[102] {{#tag:ref|Died while in office and her grandson, André Carson, filled the vacancy caused by her death.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2001–2003)}}
Indiana's 7th{{dts|January 3, 2003}}{{dts|December 15, 2007}}{{small>(2003–2005)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2007–2009)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=DannyKDavis113th.jpg|bSize=185|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=32|oLeft=12}}Danny K. Davis
{{small|(born 1941)}}		Illinois's 7th{{dts|January 3, 1997}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(1997–1999)}}[103]
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Harold Ford, Congressional photo portrait.jpg|bSize=135|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=11|oLeft=11}}Harold Ford Jr.
{{small|(born 1970)}}		Tennessee's 9th{{dts|January 3, 1997}}{{dts|January 3, 2007}}Democratic{{small>(1997–1999)}}[104]{{#tag:ref|Succeeded his father, Harold Ford Sr., in office. Retired from office to run unsuccessfully for the United States Senate from Tennessee. Youngest member of the 105th United States Congress at age 26.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2005–2007)}}
Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick
{{small|(born 1945)}}		Michigan's 15th{{dts|January 3, 1997}}{{dts|January 3, 2003}}Democratic{{small>(1997–1999)}}[105]{{#tag:ref|Lost office during renomination. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 110th United States Congress.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2001–2003)}}
Michigan's 13th{{dts|January 3, 2003}}{{dts|January 3, 2011}}{{small>(2003–2005)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2009–2011)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Gregory Meeks, Official Photo.jpg|bSize=166|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=19|oLeft=10}}Gregory Meeks
{{small|(born 1953)}}		New York's 6th{{dts|February 3, 1998}}{{dts|January 3, 2013}}Democratic{{small>(1997–1999)}}[106]{{#tag:ref|Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Floyd H. Flake.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2011–2013)}}
New York's 5th{{dts|January 3, 2013}}Incumbent{{small>(2013–2015)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Barbara Lee official portrait.jpg|bSize=165|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=25|oLeft=22}}Barbara Lee
{{small|(born 1946)}}		California's 9th{{dts|April 7, 1998}}{{dts|January 3, 2013}}Democratic{{small>(1997–1999)}}[107]{{#tag:ref|Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Ron Dellums. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 111th United States Congress.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2011–2013)}}
California's 13th{{dts|January 3, 2013}}Incumbent{{small>(2013–2015)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Stephanie Tubbs Jones official headshot.jpg|bSize=157|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=13}}Stephanie Tubbs Jones
{{small|(1949–2008)}}		Ohio's 11th{{dts|January 3, 1999}}{{dts|August 20, 2008}}Democratic{{small>(1999–2001)}}[108]{{#tag:ref|Died while in office.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2007–2009)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Lacy Clay official photo.jpg|bSize=210|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=10|oLeft=45}}Lacy Clay
{{small|(born 1956)}}		Missouri's 1st{{dts|January 3, 2001}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2001–2003)}}[109]{{#tag:ref|Succeeded his father, Bill Clay, in office.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Diane Watson Congressional portrait 2007.jpg|bSize=159|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=15}}Diane Watson
{{small|(born 1933)}}		California's 32ndJune 5, 2001}}January 3, 2003}}Democratic{{small>(2001–2003)}}[110]{{#tag:ref|Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Julian C. Dixon. Retired from office.|group="note"}}
California's 33rd{{dts|January 3, 2003}}{{dts|January 3, 2011}}{{small>(2003–2005)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2009–2011)}}
Image=Frank Ballance.jpg|bSize=198|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=40}}Frank Ballance
{{small>(1942–2019)}}		North Carolina's 1stJanuary 3, 2003}}June 11, 2004}}Democratic{{small>(2003–2005)}}[111]Resigned and was sentenced to four years in prison, two years supervised release, and fined $10,000, for mail fraud and money laundering.|group="note"}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Artur Davis, official photo portrait, color.jpg|bSize=169|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=27|oLeft=22}}Artur Davis
{{small|(born 1967)}}		Alabama's 7th{{dts|January 3, 2003}}{{dts|January 3, 2011}}Democratic{{small>(2003–2005)}}[112]{{#tag:ref|Retired from office to run unsuccessfully for Governor of Alabama. Became a member of the Republican Party in 2012.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2009–2011)}}
Image=Majette-denise.jpg|bSize=130|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=8}}Denise Majette
{{small>(born 1955)}}		Georgia's 4thJanuary 3, 2003}}January 3, 2005}}Democratic{{small>(2003–2005)}}[113]Retired from office to run unsuccessfully for the United States Senate from Georgia.|group="note"}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Kendrick Meek official portrait.jpg|bSize=190|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=22|oLeft=25}}Kendrick Meek
{{small|(born 1966)}}		Florida's 17th{{dts|January 3, 2003}}{{dts|January 3, 2011}}Democratic{{small>(2003–2005)}}[114]{{#tag:ref|Succeeded his mother, Carrie P. Meek, in office. Retired from office to run unsuccessfully for the United States Senate from Florida.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2009–2011)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=David Scott congressional portrait.jpg|bSize=158|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=20}}David Scott
{{small|(born 1945)}}		Georgia's 13th{{dts|January 3, 2003}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2003–2005)}}[115]
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=G.K. Butterfield, Official portrait, 114th Congress.jpg|bSize=190|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=38|oLeft=22}}G. K. Butterfield
{{small|(born 1947)}}		North Carolina's 1st{{dts|July 20, 2004}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2003–2005)}}[116]{{#tag:ref|Elected to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Frank Ballance. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 114th United States Congress.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Emanuel Cleaver official photo (cropped).jpg|bSize=125|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}Emanuel Cleaver
{{small|(born 1944)}}		Missouri's 5th{{dts|January 3, 2005}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2005–2007)}}[117]{{#tag:ref|Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 112th United States Congress.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Al Green Official.jpg|bSize=393|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=38|oLeft=150}}Al Green
{{small|(born 1947)}}		Texas's 9th{{dts|January 3, 2005}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2005–2007)}}[118]
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Gwen Moore official photo.jpg|bSize=165|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=35|oLeft=25}}Gwen Moore
{{small|(born 1951)}}		Wisconsin's 4th{{dts|January 3, 2005}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2005–2007)}}[119]{{#tag:ref|First African American to serve in Congress from Wisconsin.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Yvette Clarke official photo.jpg|bSize=202|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=5|oLeft=30}}Yvette Clarke
{{small|(born 1964)}}		New York's 11th{{dts|January 3, 2007}}{{dts|January 3, 2013}}Democratic{{small>(2007–2009)}}[120]
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2011–2013)}}
New York's 9th{{dts|January 3, 2013}}Incumbent{{small>(2013–2015)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Rep.K.Ellison.jpg|bSize=139|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=10|oLeft=15}}Keith Ellison
{{small|(born 1963)}}		Minnesota's 5th{{dts|January 3, 2007}}{{dts|January 3, 2019}}Democratic{{small>(2007–2009)}}[121]{{#tag:ref|Retired from office to run successfully for Attorney General of Minnesota. First African American to serve in Congress from Minnesota and the first Muslim to serve in Congress.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2017–2019)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Hank Johnson official photo.jpg|bSize=185|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=25}}Hank Johnson
{{small|(born 1954)}}		Georgia's 4th{{dts|January 3, 2007}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2007–2009)}}[122]
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Laura Richardson Official portrait.jpg|bSize=188|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=5|oLeft=33}}Laura Richardson
{{small|(born 1962)}}		California's 37th{{dts|August 21, 2007}}{{dts|January 3, 2013}}Democratic{{small>(2007–2009)}}[123]{{#tag:ref|Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Juanita Millender-McDonald. In 2012 was reprimanded due to use of Congressional office staff in 2010 House election campaign. Lost office during reelection.|group="note"}}
{{small>(2009–2011)}}
{{small>(2011–2013)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Andre Carson 2009.jpg|bSize=168|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=25|oLeft=22}}André Carson
{{small|(born 1974)}}		Indiana's 7th{{dts|March 11, 2008}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2007–2009)}}[124]{{#tag:ref|Elected to fill vacancy caused by the death of his grandmother, Julia Carson.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=The hon donna edwards.jpg|bSize=182|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=13|oLeft=35}}Donna Edwards
{{small|(born 1958)}}		Maryland's 4th{{dts|June 17, 2008}}{{dts|January 3, 2017}}Democratic{{small>(2007–2009)}}[125]{{#tag:ref|Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Albert Wynn. Retired from office to run unsuccessfully for the United States Senate from Maryland.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2015–2017)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Marcia Fudge official photo.jpg|bSize=174|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=28|oLeft=25}}Marcia Fudge
{{small|(born 1952)}}		Ohio's 11th{{dts|November 18, 2008}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2007–2009)}}[126]{{#tag:ref|Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Stephanie Tubbs Jones. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 113th United States Congress.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Karen-Bass-2012.jpg|bSize=205|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=25|oLeft=20}}Karen Bass
{{small|(born 1953)}}		California's 33rdJanuary 3, 2011}}January 3, 2013}}Democratic{{small>(2011–2013)}}[127]
California's 37th{{dts|January 3, 2013}}Incumbent{{small>(2013–2015)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
Image=Hansen Clarke, Official Portrait, 112th Congress.jpg|bSize=147|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=25|oLeft=17}}Hansen Clarke
{{small>(born 1957)}}		Michigan's 13thJanuary 3, 2011}}January 3, 2013}}Democratic{{small>(2011–2013)}}[128]Lost office during renomination.|group="note"}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Cedric Richmond official photo.jpg|bSize=187|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=25|oLeft=33}}Cedric Richmond
{{small|(born 1973)}}		Louisiana's 2nd{{dts|January 3, 2011}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2011–2013)}}[129]{{#tag:ref|Serves as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 115th United States Congress.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
Image=Tim Scott (politician).jpeg|bSize=187|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=45|oLeft=32}}Tim Scott
{{small>(born 1965)}}		South Carolina's 1stJanuary 3, 2011}}January 2, 2013}}Republican{{small>(2011–2013)}}[130]Appointed to Senate by South Carolina Governor Nikki Haley to replace Jim DeMint. Served as Republican assistant majority whip in the 112th United States Congress. First African American to serve in both chambers of the United States Congress.|group="note"}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Terri Sewell official photo.jpg|bSize=135|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=12|oLeft=0}}Terri Sewell
{{small|(born 1965)}}		Alabama's 7th{{dts|January 3, 2011}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2011–2013)}}[131]{{#tag:ref|Served as Democratic senior whip in the 112th United States Congress.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
Image=Allen West, Official Portrait, 112th Congress.jpg|bSize=156|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=10}}Allen West
{{small>(born 1961)}}		Florida's 22ndJanuary 3, 2011}}January 3, 2013}}Republican{{small>(2011–2013)}}[132]Lost office during reelection.|group="note"}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Frederica Wilson official House portrait.jpg|bSize=183|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=33|oLeft=40}}Frederica Wilson
{{small|(born 1942)}}		Florida's 17thJanuary 3, 2011}}January 3, 2013}}Democratic{{small>(2011–2013)}}[133]
Florida's 24th{{dts|January 3, 2013}}Incumbent{{small>(2013–2015)}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Donald Payne Jr Official Portrait 113th Congress.png|bSize=200|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=52|oLeft=33}}Donald Payne Jr.
{{small|(born 1958)}}		New Jersey's 10th{{dts|November 6, 2012}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2011–2013)}}[134]{{#tag:ref|Elected to fill vacancy caused by the death of his father, Donald M. Payne.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Joyce Beatty congressional portrait 114th Congress.jpg|bSize=188|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=5 |oLeft=26}}Joyce Beatty
{{small|(born 1950)}}		Ohio's 3rd{{dts|January 3, 2013}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2013–2015)}}[135]
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Steven Horsford, official portrait, 116th Congress.jpg|bSize=235|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=50}}Steven Horsford
{{small|(born 1973)}}		Nevada's 4thJanuary 3, 2013}}January 3, 2015}}Democratic{{small>(2013–2015)}}[136]{{#tag:ref|First African American to serve in Congress from Nevada.|group="note"}}
January 3, 2019}}Incumbent{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Hakeem Jeffries official portrait.jpg|bSize=171|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=18|oLeft=22}}Hakeem Jeffries
{{small|(born 1970)}}		New York's 8th{{dts|January 3, 2013}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2013–2015)}}[137]
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Marc Veasey official photo.jpg|bSize=202|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=35|oLeft=42}}Marc Veasey
{{small|(born 1971)}}		Texas's 33rd{{dts|January 3, 2013}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2013–2015)}}[138]
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Robin Kelly official photo.jpg|bSize=162|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=3|oLeft=20}}Robin Kelly
{{small|(born 1956)}}		Illinois's 2nd{{dts|April 9, 2013}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2013–2015)}}[139]{{#tag:ref|Elected to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Jesse Jackson Jr.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Alma Adams official portrait.jpg|bSize=218|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=70|oLeft=50}}Alma Adams
{{small|(born 1946)}}		North Carolina's 12th{{dts|November 12, 2014}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2013–2015)}}[140]{{#tag:ref|Elected to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Mel Watt.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Bonnie Watson Coleman official portrait.jpg|bSize=210|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=45}}Bonnie Watson Coleman
{{small|(born 1945)}}		New Jersey's 12th{{dts|January 3, 2015}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2015–2017)}}[141]
{{small>(2017–2019)}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Will Hurd Texas.jpg|bSize=195|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=35|oLeft=38}}Will Hurd
{{small|(born 1977)}}		Texas's 23rd{{dts|January 3, 2015}}IncumbentRepublican{{small>(2015–2017)}}[142]
{{small>(2017–2019)}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Brenda Lawrence official portrait (cropped).jpg|bSize=128|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}Brenda Lawrence
{{small|(born 1954)}}		Michigan's 14th{{dts|January 3, 2015}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2017–2019)}}[143]
{{small>(2017–2019)}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Mia Love Congressional Photo.jpg|bSize=173|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=35}}Mia Love
{{small|(born 1975)}}		Utah's 4th{{dts|January 3, 2015}}{{dts|January 3, 2019}}Republican{{small>(2015–2017)}}[144]{{#tag:ref|Lost office during reelection. First female African-American Republican to serve in Congress, first African American to serve in Congress from Utah and first Haitian American to serve in Congress.|group="note"}}
{{small>(2017–2019)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Dwight Evans official portrait.jpg|bSize=175|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=20|oLeft=20}}Dwight Evans
{{small|(born 1954)}}		Pennsylvania's 2nd{{dts|November 8, 2016}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2015–2017)}}[145]{{#tag:ref|Elected to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Chaka Fattah.|group="note"}}
{{small>(2017–2019)}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Anthony G. Brown official photo (cropped).jpg|bSize=125|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}Anthony G. Brown
{{small|(born 1961)}}		Maryland's 4th{{dts|January 3, 2017}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2017–2019)}}[146]
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=US Rep Val Demings.jpg|bSize=170|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=22}}Val Demings
{{small|(born 1957)}}		Florida's 10th{{dts|January 3, 2017}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2017–2019)}}[147]
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Al Lawson 115th Congress photo.jpg|bSize=200|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=33|oLeft=35}}Al Lawson
{{small|(born 1948)}}		Florida's 5th{{dts|January 3, 2017}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2017–2019)}}[148]
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Donald McEachin 115th congress photo.jpg|bSize=155|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=20}}Donald McEachin
{{small|(born 1961)}}		Virginia's 4th{{dts|January 3, 2017}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2017–2019)}}[149]
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Lisa Blunt Rochester official photo.jpg|bSize=150|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=18}}Lisa Blunt Rochester
{{small|(born 1962)}}		Delaware's at-large{{dts|January 3, 2017}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2017–2019)}}[150]{{#tag:ref|First African American to serve in Congress from Delaware.[151]|group="note"}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
Image=Brendajones.jpg|bSize=150|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=10}}Brenda Jones
{{small>(born 1959)}}		Michigan's 13thNovember 29, 2018}}January 3, 2019}}Democratic{{small>(2017–2019)}}[152]Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of John Conyers.|group="note"}}
Image = Colin Allred, official portrait, 116th Congress.jpg|bSize=195|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=35|oLeft=35}}Colin Allred
{{small>(born 1983)}}		Texas's 32ndJanuary 3, 2019}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2019–2021)}} [153]
Image = Antonio Delgado, official portrait, 116th Congress.jpg|bSize=212|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=45|oLeft=40}}Antonio Delgado
{{small>(born 1977)}}		New York's 19thJanuary 3, 2019}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2019–2021)}} [154]
Image = Jahana Hayes, official portrait, 116th Congress.jpg|bSize = 175|cWidth = 125|cHeight = 155|oTop = 0|oLeft = 25}}Jahana Hayes
{{small>(born 1973)}}		Connecticut's 5thJanuary 3, 2019}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2019–2021)}} [155]First African-American woman to serve in Congress from Connecticut.|group="note"}}
Image=Lucy McBath, official portrait, 116th Congress.jpg|bSize=200|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=28|oLeft=45}}Lucy McBath
{{small>(born 1960)}}		Georgia's 6thJanuary 3, 2019}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2019–2021)}} [156]
Image=Joe Neguse, official portrait, 116th Congress.jpg|75px]]|bSize=210|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=40}}Joe Neguse
{{small>(born 1984)}}		Colorado's 2ndJanuary 3, 2019}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2019–2021)}} [157][158]First African American to serve in Congress from Colorado and first Eritrean American to serve in Congress.|group="note"}}
Image= Ilhan Omar, official portrait, 116th Congress.jpg|bSize=255|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=3|oLeft=70}}Ilhan Omar
{{small>(born 1981)}}		Minnesota's 5thJanuary 3, 2019}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2019–2021)}} [159]First Somali-American to serve in Congress. Along with Rashida Tlaib, the first Muslim-American woman to serve in Congress.|group="note"}}
Image =Ayanna Pressley Portrait.jpg|bSize = 180|cWidth = 125|cHeight = 155|oTop = 10|oLeft = 30}}Ayanna Pressley
{{small>(born 1974)}}		Massachusetts's 7thJanuary 3, 2019}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2019–2021)}} [160]First African-American woman to serve in Congress from Massachusetts.|group="note"}}
Image = Lauren Underwood official portrait.jpg|bSize = 150|cWidth = 125|cHeight = 155|oTop = 0|oLeft = 10}}Lauren Underwood
{{small>(born 1986)}}		Illinois's 14thJanuary 3, 2019}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2019–2021)}} [161]

House Delegates (non-voting members)

(Note: Delegates are organized first in chronological order according to their first term in office, then second in alphabetical order according to their surname.)
Political Parties
{{legend2|{{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|Democratic|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{legend2|{{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}|Republican|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{legend2|{{Independent Party (United States)/meta/color}}|Independent|border=1px solid #DDDDDD}}
DelegateCongressional DistrictTook officeLeft officePartyCongress{{Tooltip|Ref.|ReferencesNote
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Walter Fauntroy.jpg|bSize=140|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=10}}Walter E. Fauntroy
{{small|(born 1933)}}		District of Columbia's at-large{{dts|March 23, 1971}}{{dts|January 3, 1991}}Democratic{{small>(1971–1973)}}[162]{{#tag:ref|Elected to serve in Congress after the District of Columbia was authorized to elect a Delegate by the District of Columbia Delegate Act of 1970. Retired from office to run unsuccessfully for Mayor of the District of Columbia. First African American to serve as a delegate for the District of Columbia. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 97th United States Congress.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(1989–1991)}}
Image=Melvin Evans123.jpg|bSize=140|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=5}}Melvin H. Evans
{{small>(1917–1984)}}		Virgin Islands' at-largeJanuary 3, 1979}}January 3, 1981}}Republican{{small>(1979–1981)}}[163]Lost office during reelection. First African American to serve in Congress from the Virgin Islands.|group="note"}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Eleanor Holmes Norton official photo.jpg|bSize=165|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=3|oLeft=40}}Eleanor Holmes Norton
{{small|(born 1937)}}		District of Columbia's at-large{{dts|January 3, 1991}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(1991–1993)}}[164]
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}
Image=Victor O. Frazer.jpg|bSize=150|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=5|oLeft=15}}Victor O. Frazer
{{small>(born 1943)}}		Virgin Islands' at-largeJanuary 3, 1995}}January 3, 1997}}Independent{{small>(1995–1997)}}[165]Lost office during reelection.|group="note"}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Donna christensen.JPG|bSize=149|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=15|oLeft=10}}Donna Christian-Christensen
{{small|(born 1945)}}		Virgin Islands' at-large{{dts|January 3, 1997}}{{dts|January 3, 2015}}Democratic{{small>(1997–1999)}}[166]{{#tag:ref|Retired from office to run unsuccessfully for Governor of Virgin Islands. First woman elected to serve in Congress from the Virgin Islands.|group="note"}}
85%|THRU}}
{{small>(2013–2015)}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image=Rep. Stacey E. Plaskett (VI).jpg|bSize=222|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=36|oLeft=54}}Stacey Plaskett
{{small|(born 1966)}}		Virgin Islands' at-large{{dts|January 3, 2015}}IncumbentDemocratic{{small>(2015–2017)}}[167]
{{small>(2017–2019)}}
{{small>(2019–2021)}}

African Americans elected to the House of Representatives, but not seated

Political Party
{{legend2|{{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}|Republican|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
Representative–electCongressional DistrictTook officeLeft officePartyCongressFormer slave{{Tooltip|Ref.|ReferencesNote
Image=John Willis Menard.jpg|bSize=165|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=0|oLeft=10}}John Willis Menard
{{small>(1838–1893)}}		Louisiana's 2ndDenied seatRepublican{{small>(1869–1871)}}No[168]Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of James Mann. Denied seat due to a contested election that involved Caleb S. Hunt, but was permitted to address the House while in session.[169] First African American elected to Congress, but denied seat.|group="note"}}
Image=P. B. S. Pinchback - Brady-Handy.jpg|bSize=250|cWidth=125|cHeight=155|oTop=13|oLeft=70}}P. B. S. Pinchback
{{small>(1837–1921)}}		Louisiana's at-largeDenied seatRepublican{{small>(1873–1875)}}No[170]Denied seat due to a contested election that involved George A. Sheridan.[171]|group="note"}}

See also

Federal government

{{Portal|African American|Government of the United States}}
  • African Americans in the United States Congress
    • List of African-American United States Senators
    • Congressional Black Caucus
    • Congressional Black Caucus Foundation
  • List of African-American United States Cabinet Secretaries

State and local government

  • African-American officeholders in the United States, 1789–1866
  • List of African-American U.S. state firsts
  • List of first African-American mayors

Notes

1. ^{{cite web|title=Black Americans in Congress|url=http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/BAIC/Black-Americans-in-Congress/|publisher=Clerk of the United States House of Representatives|accessdate=20 June 2017}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-06.pdf|title=The Black Population: 2010|accessdate=December 18, 2015|publisher=United States Census Bureau}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/aap/timelin2.html|title=Time Line of African American History, 1881-1900|publisher=Library of Congress|accessdate=October 22, 2007}}
4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/27/black-senators_n_1914216.html|first=Amanda|last=Terkel|title=Senate Likely To Remain Without Black Members For Years|date=September 27, 2012|accessdate=February 9, 2013}}
5. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000016|title=Rainey, Joseph Hayne, (1832 - 1887)|accessdate=July 16, 2013|publisher=United States Congress|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}
6. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000419|title=Long, Jefferson Franklin, (1836 - 1901)|accessdate=July 16, 2013|publisher=United States Congress|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}
7. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000208|title=De Large, Robert Carlos, (1842 - 1874)|accessdate=July 16, 2013|publisher=United States Congress|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}
8. ^{{cite book|last1=Rowell|first1=Chester Harvey|title=A Historical and Legal Digest of all the Contested Election Cases in the House of Representatives of the United States from the First to the Fifty-sixth Congress, 1789-1901|date=1901|publisher=United States. Congress. House. Committee on House Administration. Subcommittee on Elections|isbn=9785880686292|pages=282|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924030474864#page/n289/mode/2up/}}
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133. ^{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=W000808|title=Wilson, Frederica, (1942 - )|accessdate=July 16, 2013|publisher=United States Congress|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}
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135. ^{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B001281|title=Beatty, Joyce, (1950 - )|accessdate=July 16, 2013|publisher=United States Congress|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}
136. ^{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H001066|title=Horsford, Steven, (1973 - )|accessdate=July 16, 2013|publisher=United States Congress|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}
137. ^{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=J000294|title=Jeffries, Hakeem, (1970 - )|accessdate=July 16, 2013|publisher=United States Congress|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}
138. ^{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=V000131|title=Veasey, Marc, (1971 - )|accessdate=November 17, 2014|publisher=United States Congress|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}
139. ^{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000385|title=Kelly, Robin L., (1956 - )|accessdate=July 16, 2013|publisher=United States Congress|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}
140. ^{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=A000370|title=Adams, Alma, (1946 - )|accessdate=November 13, 2014|publisher=United States Congress|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}
141. ^{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=W000822|title=Watson Coleman, Bonnie, (1945 - )|accessdate=January 6, 2015|publisher=United States Congress|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}
142. ^{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H001073|title=Hurd, William Ballard, (1977 - )|accessdate=January 6, 2015|publisher=United States Congress|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}
143. ^{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000581|title=Lawrence, Brenda L., (1954 - )|accessdate=January 6, 2015|publisher=United States Congress|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}
144. ^{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000584|title=Love, Ludmya Bourdeau (Mia), (1975 - )|accessdate=January 6, 2015|publisher=United States Congress|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}
145. ^{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=E000296|title=Evans, Dwight, (1954 - )|accessdate=January 3, 2017|publisher=United States Congress|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}
146. ^{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B001304|title=Brown, Anthony Gregory, (1961 - )|accessdate=January 3, 2017|publisher=United States Congress|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}
147. ^{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000627|title=Demings, Valdez Butler, (1957 - )|accessdate=January 3, 2017|publisher=United States Congress|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}
148. ^{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000586|title=Lawson, Alfred Jr., (1948 - )|accessdate=January 3, 2017|publisher=United States Congress|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}
149. ^{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M001200|title=McEachin, Aston Donald, (1961 - )|accessdate=January 3, 2017|publisher=United States Congress|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}
150. ^{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B001303|title=Blunt Rochester, Lisa, (1962 - )|accessdate=January 3, 2017|publisher=United States Congress|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}
151. ^{{cite news|last1=Byrne|first1=Tom|title=Blunt Rochester Scores History-making Win in Delaware's U.S. House Race|url=http://delawarepublic.org/post/blunt-rochester-scores-history-making-win-delawares-us-house-race|accessdate=26 May 2017|work=Delaware Public Media|date=November 9, 2016}}
152. ^{{cite news |first = Melissa Nann |last = Burke |url = https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2018/11/29/brenda-jones-sworn-into-congress/2146103002/ |title = Jones sworn into Congress after deal reached |work = The Detroit News |date = November 29, 2018 |access-date = November 29, 2018}}
153. ^{{cite news |last1=Jeffers |first1=Gromer Jr. |title=Democrat Colin Allred Grabs Dallas-area U.S. House Seat From GOP's Pete Sessions |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/2018-elections/2018/11/06/former-nfl-player-colin-allred-beats-powerful-incumbent-pete-sessions-congress |accessdate=9 November 2018 |work=Dallas Morning News |date=November 6, 2018}}
154. ^{{cite news |last1=Firozi |first1=Paulina |title=Delgado Nabs New York Seat For Democrats |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/ |accessdate=9 November 2018 |work=Washington Post |date=November 7, 2018}}
155. ^{{cite news |last1=Altimari |first1=Daniela |last2=Lurye |first2=Rebecca |title=Jahana Hayes Wins, Becomes 1st Black Woman From Connecticut In Congress |url=https://www.courant.com/politics/elections/hc-election-connecticut-fifth-district-jahana-hayes-20181102-story.html |accessdate=9 November 2018 |work=Hartford Courant |date=November 6, 2018}}
156. ^{{cite news |title=Mother On a Mission: Gun Control Advocate Lucy McBath Wins House Race |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/video/mother-mission-gun-control-advocate-183145767.html |accessdate=9 November 2018 |agency=Yahoo Finance |date=November 8, 2018}}
157. ^{{cite news |last1=Bounds |first1=Amy |title=Joe Neguse Wins 2nd Congressional District Seat, Becomes Colorado’s 1st Black Congressman |url=https://www.denverpost.com/2018/11/07/joe-neguse-colorado-2nd-congressional-district/ |accessdate=9 November 2018 |work=The Denver Post |date=November 7, 2018}}
158. ^{{cite news |title=Joe Neguse Becomes First African-American To Represent Colorado In Congress |url=https://denver.cbslocal.com/2018/11/06/neguse-2nd-congressional-district/ |accessdate=9 November 2018 |work=CBS Denver |date=November 6, 2018}}
159. ^{{cite news |last1= Cole |first1=Devan |last2=Serfaty |first2=Sunlen |title=On the Eve of Her Swearing-in to Congress, Rep.-elect Ilhan Omar Remembers Arriving as a Refugee to the US |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/03/politics/ilhan-omar-refugee-photo-father/index.html |accessdate= 4 January 2019 |work=CNN |date=January 3, 2019}}
160. ^{{cite news |last1=Kole |first1=William J. |title=Ayanna Pressley is Officially Massachusetts’s First Black Congresswoman |url=https://www.apnews.com/153ebc00497c447394b291d8ea37365e |accessdate=9 November 2018 |work=Associated Press |date=November 6, 2018}}
161. ^{{cite news |last1=Keilman |first1=John |last2=Gutowski |first2=Christy |last3=McCoppin |first3=Robert |title=Lauren Underwood On Stunning Upset Against 4-term GOP Congressman: 'Together We Have Built a Movement' |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/elections/ct-met-illinois-14th-district-randy-hultgren-lauren-underwood-20181106-story.html |accessdate=9 November 2018 |work=Chicago Tribune |date=November 7, 2018}}
162. ^{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=F000046|title=Fauntroy, Walter Edward, (1933 - )|accessdate=July 16, 2013|publisher=United States Congress|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}
163. ^{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=E000254|title=Evans, Melvin Herbert, (1917 - 1984)|accessdate=July 16, 2013|publisher=United States Congress|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}
164. ^{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=N000147|title=Norton, Eleanor Holmes, (1937 - )|accessdate=July 16, 2013|publisher=United States Congress|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}
165. ^{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=F000351|title=Frazer, Victor O., (1943 - )|accessdate=July 16, 2013|publisher=United States Congress|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}
166. ^{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000380|title=Christensen, Donna Marie, (1945 - )|accessdate=July 16, 2013|publisher=United States Congress|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}
167. ^{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=P000610|title=Plaskett, Stacey M., (1966 - )|accessdate=January 6, 2015|publisher=United States Congress|work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}
168. ^{{cite web|last=Office of the Historian|title=John Willis Menard of Louisiana became the first African American to address the U.S. House, February 27, 1869|url=http://history.house.gov/HistoricalHighlight/Detail/35721?ret=True|work=Historical Highlights, History, Art & Archives|publisher=Office of the Clerk, House of Representatives of the United States|accessdate=July 16, 2013}}
169. ^{{cite book|last1=Rowell|first1=Chester Harvey|title=A Historical and Legal Digest of all the Contested Election Cases in the House of Representatives of the United States from the First to the Fifty-sixth Congress, 1789-1901|date=1901|publisher=United States. Congress. House. Committee on House Administration. Subcommittee on Elections|isbn=9785880686292|pages=226–228|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924030474864#page/n233/mode/2up}}
170. ^{{cite web|last=Office of the Historian|title='Crafting an Identity,' Fifteenth Amendment in Flesh and Blood|url=http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/BAIC/Historical-Essays/Fifteenth-Amendment/Crafting-Identity/|work=Black Americans in Congress|publisher=Office of the Clerk, House of Representatives of the United States|accessdate=August 7, 2013}}
171. ^{{cite book|last1=Rowell|first1=Chester Harvey|title=A Historical and Legal Digest of all the Contested Election Cases in the House of Representatives of the United States from the First to the Fifty-sixth Congress, 1789-1901|date=1901|publisher=United States. Congress. House. Committee on House Administration. Subcommittee on Elections|isbn=9785880686292|pages=293–297|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924030474864#page/n299/mode/2up}}

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book|last1=Christopher|first1=Maurine|title=America's Black Congressmen|date=1971|publisher=Thomas Y. Crowell Company|isbn=9780690085853}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Clay|first1=William L.|authorlink1=Bill Clay|title=Just Permanent Interests: Black Americans in Congress, 1870–1991|date=1992|publisher=Amistad Press|isbn=1-56743-000-7}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Dray|first1=Philip|authorlink1=Philip Dray|title=Capitol Men: The Epic Story of Reconstruction Through the Lives of the First Black Congressmen|date=2008|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|isbn=978-0-618-56370-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hrebAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Foner|first1=Eric|authorlink1=Eric Foner|title=Freedom's Lawmakers: A Directory of Black Officeholders During Reconstruction|date=1996|publisher=LSU Press|isbn=9780807120828}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Freedman|first1=Eric|last2=Jones|first2=Stephen A.|title=African Americans In Congress: A Documentary History|date=2008|publisher=CQ Press|isbn=9780872893856}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Gill|first1=LaVerne McCain|title=African American Women in Congress: Forming and Transforming History|date=1997|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=9780813523538}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Hahn|first1=Steven|authorlink1=Steven Hahn|title=A Nation Under Our Feet: Black Political Struggles in the Rural South from Slavery to the Great Migration|date=2005|publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674017658}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Haskins|first1=James|authorlink1=James Haskins|title=Distinguished African American Political and Governmental Leaders|date=1999|publisher=Oryx Press|isbn=9781573561266}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Lynch|first1=Matthew|title=Before Obama: A Reappraisal of Black Reconstruction Era Politicians|date=2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9780313397929|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l0wbFAxaAAgC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Middleton|first1=Stephen|title=Black Congressmen During Reconstruction: A Documentary Sourcebook|date=2002|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780313322815|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JwLl_kFqzdkC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false}}
  • {{cite book|editor1-last=Rabinowitz|editor1-first=Howard N.|title=Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era|date=1982|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn=9780252009723}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Walton, Jr.|first1=Hanes|last2=Puckett|first2=Sherman C.|last3=Deskins, Jr.|first3=Donald R.|authorlink3=Donald R. Deskins, Jr.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b8zVVp8qJ5sC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The African American Electorate: A Statistical History|year=2012|publisher=Congressional Quarterly Press|isbn=9780872895089}}
  • {{cite book|editor1-last=Wasniewski|editor1-first=Matthew|editor1-link=Matthew Wasniewski|title=Black Americans in Congress, 1870-2007|date=2008|publisher=United States Government Printing Office|isbn=9780160801945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-cNiPp-D260C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false}} The website, Black Americans in Congress maintained by the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, serves as an ongoing supplement to the book. To download a free copy of the entire publication or a specific portion of the publication, see H. Doc. 108-224 - Black Americans in Congress 1870 - 2007. Made available by the United States Government Printing Office (GPO).

External links

  • [https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL30378 African American Members of the United States Congress: 1870–2018] A 51-page history produced by the Congressional Research Service, a legislative branch agency within the Library of Congress.
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20100423082228/http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774 - Present] Perform search of desired Representative or Delegate by last name, first name, position, state, party, by year or congress.
  • C-SPAN videos that discuss the history of African Americans in Congress:
    • Black Americans in Congress, 1870–2007 A C-SPAN video with Matthew Wasniewski, historian of the United States House of Representatives, as the presenter. He discusses the history of African Americans in Congress from 1870 to 2007. The video is 164 minutes in length.
    • [https://www.c-span.org/video/?409581-1/african-americans-congress-19th-century African Americans in Congress in the 19th Century] A C-SPAN video with Matthew Wasniewski and Farar Elliott, historian and curator respectively of the United States House of Representatives, as the presenters. They discuss the history of African Americans in Congress during the nineteenth century. The video is 28:54 minutes in length.
    • [https://www.c-span.org/video/?410861-1/african-americans-congress-20th-century African Americans in Congress in the 20th Century] A C-SPAN video with Ron Dellums, the former representative of the United States House of Representatives from California's 9th congressional district, and Matthew Wasniewski and Farar Elliott, historian and curator respectively of the United States House of Representatives, as the presenters. They discuss the history of African Americans in Congress during the twentieth century. The video is 43:59 minutes in length.
  • Black Americans in Congress Maintained by the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. The website serves as an ongoing supplement to the book, Black Americans in Congress, 1870-2007.
  • Major African American Office Holders Since 1641 Includes a listing for the United States Senate. Maintained by Blackpast.org.
{{United States Congress|state=expanded}}{{African-American politics}}

4 : African-American members of the United States House of Representatives|Political history of the United States|Lists of African-American people|Lists of members of the United States House of Representatives
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