| 词条 | List of birds of the Galápagos Islands |
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This is a list of birds recorded in the Galápagos islands of Ecuador, where 185 species have been documented as of February 2019.[1] Of them, 30 are endemic, three nest only in the Galápagos, and virtually the entire population of a fourth nests there. Seventeen endemic subspecies are noted. In addition, 85 of the species are accidental, five were introduced to the islands, and five are domesticated. Unless otherwise noted, this list's taxonomic treatment (sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) are those of the South American Classification Committee (SACC) of the American Ornithological Society.[2] The common names of the families generally follow the Clements taxonomy because the SACC does not assign common names to families.[3] The following tags are used to define several categories of occurrence. Untagged species are common non-endemic residents, migrants, or seasonal visitors.
Ducks, geese, and waterfowlOrder Anseriformes Family AnatidaeThese are excellent at an aquatic life thanks to an oily covering on their feathers.
GuineafowlOrder Galliformes Family NumididaeGuineafowl are African gamebirds, mostly spotted, with bare skin on the head and neck to lose heat.
Pheasants, grouse, and alliesOrder Galliformes Family PhasianidaePhasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump with broad relatively short wings. Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans.
FlamingosOrder Phoenicopteriformes Family PhoenicopteridaeFlamingos are water birds with a downcurved beak for sieving food.
GrebesOrder Podicipediformes Family PodicipedidaeGrebes are aquatic birds most closely related to flamingoes. They are well adapted to living in water but are clumsy on land, never straying far from water when they build their nests.
Pigeons and dovesOrder Columbiformes Family ColumbidaePigeons and doves are medium to large mostly plump birds. Most are arboreal species descending to the ground to feed but some are terrestrial like the quail-doves of South America or the pheasant-pigeon of New Guinea. They are found worldwide except near the poles and in a wide variety of habitats including urban. The feral form of the rock pigeon has been introduced worldwide.
Cuckoos and anisOrder Cuculiformes Family CuculidaeCuckoos are found almost worldwide. They are highly variable in size, shape, colour, and habits.
NighthawksOrder Caprimulgiformes Family CaprimulgidaeNighthawks belong to the same family as nightjars but are found only in the Americas. They have mottled or striped plumage for camouflage.
SwiftsOrder Apodiformes Family ApodidaeSwifts are aerodynamic species which are found worldwide. Some species are migratory, others resident, and others still have both migratory and resident populations.
Rails, gallinules, and cootsOrder Gruiformes Family RallidaeRails are usually secretive birds. Many island species are flightless and many of those have gone extinct in the last five centuries. Gallinules are less secretive, and are usually found near or on water.
Plovers and lapwingsOrder Charadriiformes Family CharadriidaePlovers are dull-coloured shorebirds without many distinguishing features. The bill is short and straight to catch worms on the surface. Lapwings are slightly bigger and more colourful shorebirds. Their legs are longer than plover's but the bill is the same size with respect to the body.
OystercatchersOrder Charadriiformes Family HaematopodidaeOystercatchers are black or black and white shorebirds with long orange bills and with or without an eyering. The legs are pinkish.
Stilts and avocetsOrder Charadriiformes Family RecurvirostridaeStilts are spindly legged birds with black and white markings.
Sandpipers and alliesOrder Charadriiformes Family ScolopacidaeSandpipers are long-legged mostly long-billed shorebirds. Some like woodcocks and snipes are forest species but most others are estuarine or wetland species.
JaegersOrder Charadriiformes Family StercorariidaeStercorariidae are predatory birds typically separated into the bigger Catharacta skuas and the smaller Stercorarius jaegers.
Gulls and ternsOrder Charadriiformes Family LaridaeGulls are seabirds although some are found on freshwater. They have hooked bills and some have hoods or caps on their heads. Terns were formerly placed in a family of their own, Sternidae, but now they are commonly placed along with gulls and skimmers in Laridae. Their bills are straighter than those of gulls.
TropicbirdsOrder Phaethontiformes Family PhaethontidaeTropicbirds are seabirds once thought to be closely related to pelicans but are now known to belong to a clade known as Metaves.
PenguinsOrder Sphenisciformes Family SpheniscidaePenguins are southern ocean birds with only this one species occurring north of the equator. They are small to large in size and mostly black and white in colour.
AlbatrossesOrder Procellariiformes Family DiomedeidaeAlbatrosses are large tubenoses with wingspans of more than a meter. Most are southern ocean species but some are found in the northern Pacific Ocean.
Southern storm-petrelsOrder: Procellariiformes Family: OceanitidaeStorm-petrels are small marine birds that are mostly black and white. Until 2018, this family's species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae.
Northern storm-petrelsOrder: Procellariiformes Family: HydrobatidaeThough the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.
Petrels and shearwatersOrder Procellariiformes Family ProcellariidaePetrels and shearwaters are known collectively as tubenoses for the tubes on their beaks which they use for excreting salt.
FrigatebirdsOrder Suliformes Family FregatidaeFrigatebirds are black (with some white markings) seabirds. The males have a red throat patch to attract females.
Boobies and gannetsOrder Suliformes Family SulidaeBoobies are seabirds which were once lumped along with darters, cormorants, and frigatebirds in Pelecaniformes. Their feet are variously coloured, black with striped toes in gannets, and grey, red, blue, yellow, black, or ochre in boobies.
CormorantsOrder Suliformes Family PhalacrocoracidaeCormorants are seabirds which normally stand upright. Most of them have markings on their face and wings. Only the Galápagos species is flightless.
PelicansOrder Pelecaniformes Family PelecanidaePelicans are large seabirds, variable in colour but alike in shape. All have a gular pouch to catch fish.
Herons and egretsOrder Pelecaniformes Family ArdeidaeHerons are long-necked long-legged water birds. The majority feed on fish and other pond-life.
OspreyOrder Accipitriformes Family PandionidaePandionidae is a monotypic family of fish-eating birds of prey. Its single species possesses a very large and powerful hooked beak, strong legs, strong talons, and keen eyesight.
HawksOrder Accipitriformes Family AccipitridaeHawks are close relatives of eagles and kites although none of these have been recorded in the Galápagos.
Barn-owlsOrder Strigiformes Family TytonidaeBarn-owls are owls with a heart-shaped face.
Typical owlsOrder Strigiformes Family StrigidaeTypical or "true" owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
KingfishersOrder Coraciiformes Family AlcedinidaeKingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails.
FalconsOrder Falconiformes Family FalconidaeFalcons are streamlined aerodynamic birds of prey which were traditionally thought to be closely related to the Accipitriformes. Recent genetic studies place them closer to parrots.
New World parrotsOrder Psittaciformes Family PsittacidaeParrots are colourful tropical species with a curved bill and zygodactyl feet.
Tyrant flycatchersOrder Passeriformes Family TyrannidaeTyrant flycatchers are a group of American passerines which are not related to the Old World flycatchers of the family Muscicapidae.
VireosOrder Passeriformes Family VireonidaeVireos are small greenish or yellowish birds found in the Americas.
Swallows and martinsOrder Passeriformes Family HirundinidaeSwallows and martins are passerines not closely related to swifts although they have superficial resemblance. They have short pointed wings.
WaxwingsOrder Passeriformes Family BombycillidaeWaxwings are medium-sized, plump birds. All three species in the family are migratory and occasionally turn up in unexpected places.
MockingbirdsOrder Passeriformes Family MimidaeMockingbirds are an American group of passerine birds. In the Galápagos they are famous (along with Darwin's finches) for confirming Charles Darwin's theory of evolution.
New world blackbirdsOrder Passeriformes Family IcteridaeThe icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colourful passerine birds restricted to the New World.
Wood-warblersOrder Passeriformes Family ParulidaeThe wood-warblers are a group of small, often colorful, passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.
Cardinals and alliesOrder Passeriformes Family CardinalidaeCardinals are a group of finch-like birds; most are colourful with seed-eating beaks.
TanagersOrder Passeriformes Family ThraupidaeThe tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Most of the 19 species in the family which have been recorded in the Galápagos are "Darwin's finches". Famous for inspiring Darwin in his theory of evolution, the finches have astonishingly different beaks.
Notes1. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.darwinfoundation.org/en/datazone/checklist |title=Species Checklist "Aves" |author= |date= |website= |publisher=Charles Darwin Foundation |access-date=February 16, 2019 |quote=}} 2. ^Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, C. D. Cadena, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, J. F. Pacheco, J. Pérez-Emán, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, D. F. Stotz, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 5 March 2019. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved March 5, 2019 3. ^Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2018. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2018. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved August 14, 2018 4. ^This species is not on the SACC list. Its placement follows Clements. References{{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:List of birds of the Galapagos Islands}} 1 : Lists of birds by location |
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