词条 | List of Blackford County Glass Factories | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
This is a list of glass factories that operated in Blackford County, Indiana, United States. Natural gas (and later crude oil) was discovered in Blackford County in 1887.[1] This discovery marked the start of Blackford County's participation in the Indiana Gas Boom. Manufacturers, especially glass makers, were lured to the area with promises of free gas, free land, and (in some cases) cash subsidies. Hartford City Glass Company, Sneath Glass Company, and Johnston Glass Company were the largest glass companies during the gas boom. The current Hartford Glass Company is the longest lived. During the 1890s, the Hartford City Glass Company was the third-largest window glass producer in the United States, and Sneath Glass Company was the country's largest producer of lantern globes. During the early 1900s, gas supplies gradually became depleted—and the East Central Indiana Gas Boom gradually came to an end. Many factories closed or moved.[2] In the case of Hartford City's glass factories, the larger and better-managed factories (such as the large American Window Glass plant, Sneath Glass, and Johnston Glass) continued to operate, while the smaller glass works closed or were absorbed by other companies. Glass capital{{multiple image| align = right | direction = horizontal | header = | header_align = | header_background = | footer = Blackford County's leading glass companies during the 1900s. | footer_align = | footer_background = | width = | background color = | image1 = American Window Glass Company advertisement from 1913.JPG | width1 = 155 | alt1 = | image2 = Johnston Glass Company ad from 1915.JPG | width2 = 440 | alt2 = }}For a brief period, residents of Hartford City (the county seat of Blackford County) thought their city would become the window glass capital of the world. The city was already the home of one of the largest window glass plants in the nation, a bottle-making plant, and multiple glassware producers. During the spring of 1900, rumors circulated that the American Window Glass trust, which had acquired over 40 glass works in 1899, planned to move production from some of its smaller plants to its large Hartford City plant. If the Hartford City plant would have its capacity expanded equal to the capacity of the plants to be consolidated, then Hartford City would have "become the greatest window glass town in the world."[3] The plant would have employed nearly 1000 people, and equal the largest window glass plant in the world in capacity. That plant in combination with Hartford City's other window glass factories, and not even considering the flint glass plants or bottle plants, would make the city's window glass capacity the highest in the world.[3] However, the large Hartford City plant was not expanded, and continued to have a capacity of 104 pots—keeping it the third largest window glass plant in the United States, and largest west of Pennsylvania.[4] DunkirkA small portion of Dunkirk, Indiana, is located in Blackford County—and Dunkirk was the location of numerous glass factories. The Dunkirk factories were not located within Blackford County, so they are not listed in the table below. Seven Dunkirk glass factories, employing a total of 1,108 people, were inspected by the state in 1898. Those factories were: Bates Window Glass Company, Beatty-Brady Glass Company, Dunkirk Window Glass Company, Enterprise Window Glass Company, Gem Window Glass Works, Maring, Hart and Company, and Ohio Flint Glass Company.[5] Glass men{{multiple image| align = right | direction = horizontal | header = | header_align = | header_background = | footer = Hartford City glass men Richard Heagany, Henry Crimmel, and J. R. Johnston | footer_align = | footer_background = | width = | background color = | image1 = Richard Heagany.JPG | width1 = 138 | alt1 = Old man with beard from the 1890s | image2 = Henry Crimmel about 1914 closeup.JPG | width2 = 110 | alt2 = Old man formally dressed from early 20th century | image3 = John R. Johnston.JPG | width3 = 131 | alt3 = Young man formally dressed from early 20th century }} Local capitalist Henry B. "H.B." Smith (1847–1909) was president of Hartford City's Citizen's Bank.[6] His participation in the glass industry was as a financial stakeholder and officer of the Hartford City Glass Company, and later as a director of the American Window Glass Company.[7][8] Smith was also involved with two business blocks and railroading.[6] Glassmaker Richard Heagany (1835–1925) was the founder of Hartford City Glass Company, and had over 25 years of glass-making experience.[9] Before moving to Hartford City, he had been superintendent of the largest window glass factory in New York, and founded a window glass works in Kokomo, Indiana.[10] Henry Crimmel (1844–1917) provided the glassmaking expertise for Hartford City's Sneath Glass Company. Crimmel had about "half a century" of glassmaking experience, and helped start the Sneath Glass Company and several glass companies in Ohio.[11] John Rodgers Johnston (1867–1920) was one of Hartford City's glassmakers and financiers. Johnson was an officer and plant manager of Hartford City Glass, founder of Johnston Glass Company in Hartford City, and founder of the Johnston Brokerage in Pittsburgh. He was also involved with companies as diverse as the Berghoff Brewing Company, Newsome Feed and Grain Company, and Potomac Valley Orchard Company.[12] George Fulton (1872–1930), former secretary-treasurer and plant manager at Johnston Glass, founded Hartford City's Fulton Glass Company in 1929.[13] Heagany, Crimmel, Johnston, and Fulton all had decades of glassmaking experience and provided on–site management for Hartford City's glass factories. Glass factories{{multiple image| align = right | direction = horizontal | header = | header_align = | header_background = | footer = Blackford County's leading glass companies during the 1890s. | footer_align = | footer_background = | width = | background color = | image1 = Hartford City Glass Company logo.jpg | width1 = 200 | alt1 = diamond shaped logo | image2 = Sneath Logo.jpg | width2 = 220 | alt2 = Old font saying Sneath (rhymes with teeth) }} Blackford County's glass factories are listed below in the sortable list. The first five categories in the list can be sorted. The list's default sort orders the properties alphabetically by name. Notes are listed in the last section. The figures for employees (where available) are the largest number from inspections by the state of Indiana in 1898, 1901, 1903, and 1910.
Notes1. ^{{harvnb|Blackford County Historical Society (Ind.)|1986|pp=17–18}} 2. ^{{harvnb|Glass|Kohrman|2005|p=91}} 3. ^1 {{cite news |last= |first= |title=We'll Lead the World |newspaper=Portland Semi Weekly Sun |page = 1 |date = 1900-05-22 |quote=The statement in yesterday's Times to the effect that a report was current that the American Window Glass company expects to move its Redkey and Dunkirk plants to Hartford City, was the subject of considerable comment. If the report is true and the project is carried out, Hartford City will become the greatest window glass town in the world.}} 4. ^{{harvnb|United States Congress House Committee on Ways and Means|1913|p=406}} 5. ^{{harvnb|Indiana Department of Factory Inspection|1899|p=34}} 6. ^1 {{cite news |last= |first= |title= H. B. Smith, of this city, dies suddenly in Fort Wayne Hotel |newspaper=Hartford City Telegram |page = 1 |date = 1909-09-29 |quote= }} 7. ^{{harvnb|Unlisted (Hartford City Illustrated)|1896|p=18}} 8. ^1 {{harvnb|Wallace|1901|p=315}} 9. ^{{cite news |last= |first= |title= Factory Owner of Natural Gas Days Here Dies |newspaper=Kokomo Tribune |page = 1 |date = 1925-09-10 |quote= }} 10. ^1 {{harvnb|Unlisted (Glass & Pottery World)|1896|p=2}} 11. ^{{harvnb|Unlisted (National Glass Budget)|1917|p=1}} 12. ^{{harvnb|Fleming|American Historical Society|1922|p=39}} 13. ^1 {{cite news |last= |first= |title= Geo. T. Fulton Rites Thursday; Community Loses Beloved Man |newspaper=Hartford City Daily Times Gazette |page = 1 |date = 1930-12-02 |quote= }} 14. ^{{harvnb|Indiana Department of Inspection|1911|p=111}} 15. ^{{harvnb|Castelo|Clamme|Dodds, Dealie; Clamme, David; Marshall, Mary Lou|Storms|2012|p=16}} 16. ^1 2 3 4 {{harvnb|Indiana Department of Inspection|1904|p=71}} 17. ^{{cite news|url=|title=Offers Old Plants for Sale.|last=|first=|date=1905-06-15|newspaper=Logansport Reporter|access-date=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|page=7|quote=The company has just sold its old pot plant here to the Sneath Glass company for $5,000, and none ever expects to blow glass for the company again by lung power.}} 18. ^1 {{harvnb|Day|Hall|Hopper|2006|p=109}} 19. ^1 {{cite news |last= |first= |title= Company is Organized To Operate the Late Hurrle Glass Factory |newspaper=Hartford City Telegram |page = 1 |date = 1895-01-04 |quote= The Clelland Glass company expects to start operations September 15. It will employ L. A. 300 workmen}} 20. ^{{cite news |last= |first= |title= Voluntary Assignment |newspaper=Hartford City Telegram |page = 1 |date = 1905-01-04 |quote= Clelland Glass Factory Has Thrown Up the Sponge}} 21. ^{{harvnb|Unlisted (Paint, Oil and Drug Review)|1905|p=79}} 22. ^1 2 {{harvnb|Indiana Department of Inspection|1902|p=57}} 23. ^{{harvnb| House Furnishing Review Company |1905|p=339}} 24. ^{{cite news |last= |first= |title=Shockney to Lose a Foot |newspaper=Hartford City Telegram |page = 1 |date = 1895-09-27 |quote= He was for some time employed at the Diamond Flint Glass company's plant, northwest of the city, but was put out of employment when the factory burned and later was moved to Jackson, O.}} 25. ^{{cite news |last= |first= |title= Hartford City Factory Burns |newspaper=Anderson Herald Bulletin |page = 19 |date = 1966-08-17 |quote= Damage was estimated at $500,000 for a fire which destroyed the Fulton Glass Co. plant here Sunday and could be seen 4 miles away}} 26. ^{{cite news |last= |first= |title=Additional Locals |newspaper=Decatur Democrat |page = |date = 1898-11-03 |quote= A bottle factory to be known as the Hartford City Flint Glass Company, has contracted to locate at Hartford City. The concern will be incorporated with a capital stock of $20,000. It will be a thirty shop concern and employ 125 men. The principal product will be prescription ware.}} 27. ^{{cite news |last= |first= |title= Glass Plant is Rebuilt. |newspaper=Poseyville News |page = 7 |date = 1904-09-30 |quote= The plant of the Hartford City Flint Glass company, destroyed by fire some months ago, has been rebuilt and is again in operation.}} 28. ^1 {{harvnb|Indiana Department of Factory Inspection|1899|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=7fx6nN0QYXgC&pg=RA8-PA44&dq=Hartford+Jones+Sneath+Hurrle&hl=en&sa=X&ei=GZo2UZChNom00AG-vYDICw&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Hartford%20Jones%20Sneath%20Hurrle&f=false 44]}} 29. ^{{cite web |title=Company Overview of Hartford Glass Co., Inc. |publisher=Bloomberg Businessweek |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=27975970 |accessdate=2013-03-03}} 30. ^{{cite news |last= |first= |title=One Factory Secured |newspaper=Hartford City Telegram |page = 1 |date = 1898-02-16 |quote= New negotiations were begun today which resulted this afternoon in the organization of the Hurrle Glass company with a capital stock of $20,000.}} 31. ^1 2 {{harvnb|Castelo|Clamme|Dodds, Dealie; Clamme, David; Marshall, Mary Lou|Storms|2012|pp=35–36}} 32. ^{{cite news |last= |first= |title=(second column from right, near bottom of page) |newspaper=Hartford City Telegram |page = 1 |date = 1898-11-23 |quote= The Jones Glass company will soon be in operation with a set of workmen whom it will bring here from abroad.}} 33. ^{{cite news |last= |first= |title=Injunction Suits |newspaper=Hartford City Telegram |page = 1 |date = 1899-09-27 |quote= The complaints .in the suit to be brought against the Hartford City Glass company and the Jones Glass company to enjoin them from selling out to the trust ….}} 34. ^{{harvnb|Indiana Department of Inspection|1911|p=181}} 35. ^{{cite news |last= |first= |title= Millgrove Notes |newspaper= Hartford City Telegram |page = 5 |date = 1899-04-12 |quote= The Millgrove Glass company shipped a car load of bottles west, last Saturday.}} 36. ^{{cite news |last= |first= |title= Factory Moves Middle of June |newspaper= Upland Monitor |page = 1 |date = 1911-06-15 |quote= }} 37. ^{{harvnb|Indiana Department of Inspection|1902|p=91}} 38. ^1 {{cite news |last= |first= |title= Johnston Buys the Sans Pareil |newspaper=Hartford City Telegram |page = 1 |date = 1902-01-22 |quote= }} 39. ^1 {{harvnb|Castelo|Clamme|Dodds, Dealie; Clamme, David; Marshall, Mary Lou|Storms|2012|pp=19–20}} 40. ^{{harvnb|Indiana Department of Inspection|1911|p=112}} References
| last = Blackford County Historical Society (Ind.) | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | title = A History of Blackford County, Indiana : with historical accounts of the county, 1838–1986 [and] histories of families who have lived in the county. | publisher = Blackford County Historical Society | year = 1986 | location = Hartford City, Indiana | url = | oclc = 15144953 | isbn = |ref=harv }}
| last = Castelo | first = Sinuard | last2 = Clamme | first2 = Louise | last3 = Dodds, Dealie; Clamme, David; Marshall, Mary Lou | first3 = | last4 = Storms | first4 = Ron | title = Dusty Bits and Pieces | publisher = Blackford County Historical Society | year = 2012 | location = Hartford City, IN | pages = 127 | url = http://www.bchs-in.org/bulletin.html | oclc = | isbn = |ref=harv }}
| last = Day | first = Richard | author-link = | last2 = Hall | first2 =Gary | last3 = Hopper | first3 =William | title = Vincennes, 1930-1960 | publisher = Arcadia | year = 2006 | location = Charleston, SC | pages = 128 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=eabmG2Nn_AgC&pg=PA109&lpg=PA109&dq=%22Blackford+Glass%22+company&source=bl&ots=ubdfRmvFoI&sig=TLrEL226yuSHbpYLhHUXv0uiA0E&hl=en&sa=X&ei=e9c4Ub7NMrSo0AG54YCQCg&ved=0CFAQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=%22Blackford%20Glass%22%20company&f=false | oclc = | isbn = |ref=harv }}
|last1=Fleming |first1=George Thornton |last2=American Historical Society |first2= |title=History of Pittsburgh and environs |series= |publisher=The American Historical Society, Inc. |location=New York and Chicago |pages = 349 |year=1922 |isbn= |oclc= 1040253 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VvkMAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA39&dq=J.+R.+Johnston+resigned+American+Window&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AikhUfyEJuq30AG3y4BA&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=J.%20R.%20Johnston%20resigned%20American%20Window&f=false |ref=harv
|last1=Glass |first1=James A. |last2=Kohrman |first2=David |title=The Gas Boom of East Central Indiana |series=Image of America |publisher=Arcadia |location=Charleston, SC |pages = 128 |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7385-3963-8 |oclc=61885891 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C02PktLMIx8C&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=gas+boom+ghost+town+indiana#PPA91,M1 |ref=harv
| last = House Furnishing Review Company | first = | author-link = | title = China, Glassware, Pottery | journal = The House Furnishing Review | volume = 25 | issue = 5 | publisher = House Furnishing Review Company | year = 1905 | location = New York | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=p2woAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA339&lpg=PA339&dq=Diamond+Flint+Glass+fire+Hartford+City+House+Furnishing+Review&source=bl&ots=DJUDaO2V8x&sig=YkD0NU2ihT1tfXElE3b5I4zgmks&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiMgcX48-nYAhUEZN8KHWBkC4oQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=Diamond%20Flint%20Glass%20fire%20Hartford%20City%20House%20Furnishing%20Review&f=false | oclc = 1758548 | isbn = |ref=harv }}
| last = Indiana Department of Factory Inspection | first = | author-link = | title = Factories Inspected: Hartford City, Blackford County | journal = Annual report of the Department of Factory Inspection | volume = 2 | issue = 1898 | publisher = Indiana Department of Factory Inspection | year = 1899 | location = Indianapolis | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7fx6nN0QYXgC&pg=RA8-PA44&dq=Hartford+Jones+Sneath+Hurrle&hl=en&sa=X&ei=GZo2UZChNom00AG-vYDICw&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Hartford%20Jones%20Sneath%20Hurrle&f=false | oclc = 243873835 | isbn = |ref=harv }}
| last = Indiana Department of Inspection | first = | author-link = | title = Factories Inspected: Hartford City, Blackford County | journal = Annual report of the Department of Inspection of manufacturing and mercantile establishments, laundries, bakeries, quarries, printing offices and public buildings | volume = 5 | issue = 1901 | publisher = Indiana Department of Inspection | year = 1902 | location = Indianapolis | url = | oclc = 13018369 | isbn = |ref=harv }}
| last = Indiana Department of Inspection | first = | author-link = | title = Factories Inspected: Hartford City, Blackford County | journal = Annual report of the Department of Inspection of manufacturing and mercantile establishments, laundries, bakeries, quarries, printing offices and public buildings | volume = 7 | issue = 1903 | publisher = Indiana Department of Inspection | year = 1904 | location = Indianapolis | url = | oclc = 14510528 | isbn = |ref=harv }}
| last = Indiana Department of Inspection | first = | author-link = | title = Factories Inspected: Hartford City, Blackford County | journal = Annual report of the Department of Inspection of manufacturing and mercantile establishments, laundries, bakeries, quarries, printing offices and public buildings | volume = 14 | issue = 1910 | publisher = Indiana Department of Inspection | year = 1911 | location = Indianapolis | url = | oclc = 13018369 | isbn = |ref=harv }}
| last = United States Congress House Committee on Ways and Means | first = | last2 = | first2 = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Tariff schedule, no. 3-4. Hearings before the committee on Schedule B - earths, earthenware, and glassware, January, 1913 | publisher = Government Printing Office | year =1913 | location = Washington | pages = | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=61crAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA406&lpg=PA406&dq=J+R+Johnston+glass&source=bl&ots=iuvgVSm0fh&sig=YaajRtDCJKwllPVrn3bjWdDo9k0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8KEiUaeQJpPF0AHf3IDwDA&ved=0CD4Q6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=J%20R%20Johnston%20glass&f=false | doi = | isbn = | oclc = 81218187 |ref=harv}}
| last = Unlisted (Glass & Pottery World) | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Richard Heagany | journal = Glass & Pottery World | volume = IV | issue = 6 | publisher = Trade Magazine Association | location = Chicago | year = 1896 | url = | doi = | oclc = 1390202 |ref=harv
|last = Unlisted (Hartford City Illustrated) |first = |author-link = |last2 = |first2 = |title = Hartford City illustrated : a publication devoted to the city's best interests and containing half tone engravings of prominent factories, business blocks, residences, and a selection of representative commercial and professional men and women. |publisher = Daulton & Scott |year = 1896 |location = |pages = 47 |url = https://archive.org/details/hartfordcityillu00slda |oclc = 11382905 |isbn = |ref=harv }}
| last =Unlisted (National Glass Budget) | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Henry Crimmel Dead | journal = National Glass Budget | volume = 33 | issue = 23 | page = 1 | publisher = | location = Chicago | date = 1917 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=MPtYAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA6-PA9&dq=National+Glass+Budget+Henry+Crimmel+Dead&hl=en&sa=X&ei=tYmgT6aMF8To0QHZ9LW9Ag&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false | doi = | oclc =2448920 |ref=harv
| last =Unlisted (Paint, Oil and Drug Review) | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = (Untitled column on left side) | journal = Paint, Oil and Drug Review | volume = 39 | issue = 6 | page = 79 | publisher = D. Van Ness | location = Chicago | date = 1905 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FeY1AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA12&lpg=RA1-PA12&dq=Clelland+Glass+Company+Hartford+City&source=bl&ots=qoKNjYRlnu&sig=C1SNBhqHkkC-_NDVzoDV1nk5WbY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=unczUaLDEor00QHrioGYAQ&ved=0CEoQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=Clelland%20Glass%20Company%20Hartford%20City&f=false | doi = | oclc = 1585526 |ref=harv
| | last1 = Wallace | first1 = Henry E. | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = American Window Glass Co. | journal = The Manual of Statistics: Stock Exchange Handbook | volume = 23 | issue = | page = | publisher = Charles H. Nicoll | location = New York | year = 1901 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dvXYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA315&dq=%22Hartford+City%22+American+Window+Glass+1899+Industrial+Securities&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6fD2UMf_G5C88wTEooDQBg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Hartford%20City%22%20American%20Window%20Glass%201899%20Industrial%20Securities&f=false | doi = | oclc = 1865454 |ref=harv 1 : Blackford County, Indiana |
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