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词条 List of Buran missions
释义

  1. Test flights

  2. Launches and orbital flights

  3. See also

  4. References

{{Main|Buran programme|Buran (spacecraft)}}

The Buran programme was an attempt by the Soviet Union to construct an orbital spaceplane to perform similar functions to the Space Shuttle. Similar to the Space Shuttle program, an aerodynamic prototype and a number of operational spacecraft were planned for Buran.[1]

Test flights

The aerodynamic testbed OK-GLI was constructed in 1984 to test the in-flight properties of the Buran design. Unlike the American prototype Enterprise, OK-GLI had four AL-31 turbofan engines fitted, meaning it was able to fly under its own power.[2]

All of these missions were crewed by two cosmonauts, were conducted using the OK-GLI testbed, and landed at the Baikonur Cosmodrome.

Flight date Duration NotesSources
10 November 198500d 00h 12m [3][4]
3 January 198600d 00h 36m[3]
27 May 198600d 00h 23m[3]
11 June 198600d 00h 22m[3]
20 June 198600d 00h 25m[3]
28 June 198600d 00h 23m[3]
10 December 198600d 00h 24mFirst automatic landing [3][4]
23 December 198600d 00h 17m[3]
29 December 198600d 00h 17m[3]
16 February 198700d 00h 28m [3][4]
21 May 198700d 00h 20m[3]
25 June 198700d 00h 19m[3]
5 October 198700d 00h 21m[3]
15 October 198700d 00h 19m[3]
16 January 1988[3]
24 January 1988[3]
23 February 198800d 00h 22m[3]
4 March 198800d 00h 32m[3]
12 March 1988[3]
23 March 1988[3]
28 March 1988[3]
2 April 198800d 00h 20m[3]
8 April 1988[3]
15 April 198800d 00h 19m[3]

Launches and orbital flights

The first operational orbiter, Buran flew one test mission, designated 1K1, on November 15, 1988 at 6:00:00 Moscow time.[5] The spacecraft was launched unmanned from and landed at Baikonur Cosmodrome in the Kazakh S.S.R. and flew two orbits, traveling {{convert|83,707|km|mi|abbr=on}} in 3 hours, 25 minutes (0.14 flight days).[6] Buran never flew again; the program was cancelled shortly after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.[7] In 2002, the collapse of the hangar in which it was stored destroyed the Buran orbiter.[8][9]

{{-}}
No.Launch DateMission Shuttle Crew Duration Landing Site Notes Sources
115 November 19881K1Buran03h 25mBaikonurOnly flight of Buran
Only unmanned flight of Space Shuttle type vehicle		[10][11][12]

See also

  • List of Space Shuttle missions

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.buran.ru/htm/molniya5.htm |title=Buran Orbiter |publisher=Molniya Research & Industrial Corporation |accessdate=3 October 2014}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://speyer.technik-museum.de/en/en/spaceshuttle-buran |title=Spaceshuttle BURAN |publisher=TECHNIK MUSEUM SPEYER |accessdate=2 October 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006115142/http://speyer.technik-museum.de/en/en/spaceshuttle-buran |archivedate= 6 October 2014 |df= }}
3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 {{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/craft/burlogue.htm |title=Buran Analogue |publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica |accessdate=3 October 2014}}
4. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/buran_bts.html |title=BTS-002 / OK GLI |last=Zak |first=Anthony |publisher=Russian Space Web |date=16 November 2013 |accessdate=2 October 2014}}
5. ^{{cite book |title= Energiya-Buran: the Soviet space shuttle |first1=Bart |last1=Hendrickx |first2=Bert |last2=Vis |authorlink= |publisher=Springer |location= |year=2007 |isbn= 9780387739847 |pages= |page=349 |accessdate=November 2, 2012 |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/pp3m53/#section=268577&page=39&locus=53}}
6. ^{{cite book |title= Energiya-Buran: the Soviet space shuttle |first1=Bart |last1=Hendrickx |first2=Bert |last2=Vis |authorlink= |publisher=Springer |location= |year=2007 |isbn= 9780387739847 |pages= |page=356 |accessdate=November 2, 2012 |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/pp3m53/#section=268577&page=39&locus=53}}
7. ^{{cite book |last= |first= |authorlink= |title=The New Book of Popular Science |volume=1 |url= |year=2008 |publisher=Scholastic |location= |isbn=9780717212262 |page=257 |pages=}}
8. ^{{cite book |title= Energiya-Buran: the Soviet space shuttle |first1=Bart |last1=Hendrickx |first2=Bert |last2=Vis |authorlink= |publisher=Springer |location= |year=2007 |isbn= 9780387739847 |pages= |page=388 |accessdate=November 2, 2012 |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/pp3m53/#section=268577&page=39&locus=53}}
9. ^{{cite news | publisher=BBC | title=Russia's space dreams abandoned | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/1985631.stm | work=bbc.co.uk | accessdate=2007-11-14 | date=2002-05-13 | last=Whitehouse | first=David }}
10. ^{{cite news | title = Soviet Space Shuttle Orbits and Returns In Unmanned Debut | author = Felicity Barringer | date = November 16, 1988 | publisher = The New York Times | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/16/us/soviet-space-shuttle-orbits-and-returns-in-unmanned-debut.html | accessdate = 2013-11-23 }}
11. ^{{cite news |title=Soviet shuttle |first= |last= |url=https://www.lexisnexis.com/lnacui2api/api/version1/getDocCui?lni=3SJB-3MT0-0012-20B6&csi=7945&hl=t&hv=t&hnsd=f&hns=t&hgn=t&oc=00240&perma=true |newspaper=Christian Science Monitor |date=17 November 1988 |accessdate=15 January 2013}}
12. ^{{cite news |title=Russia starts ambitious super-heavy space rocket project |publisher=Space Daily |date=19 November 2013 |accessdate=2 October 2014 |url=http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Russia_starts_ambitious_super_heavy_space_rocket_project_999.html}}
{{Space exploration lists and timelines |state=collapsed}}{{Buran program|state=collapsed}}{{Portal bar|Spaceflight}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Buran missions}}

2 : Buran program|Lists of space missions
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