| 词条 | Seven Foot Knoll Light | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Seven Foot Knoll Light | image_name = HISTORIC VIEW, CIRCA 1900 - Seven Foot Knoll Lighthouse, Mouth of Patapsco River, Riviera Beach, Anne Arundel County, MD HAER MD,2-RIVBE.V,1-37 (Cropped).jpg | caption = Seven Foot Knoll Light at its original location (1900) | location = originally at the mouth of the Patapsco River in the Chesapeake Bay; relocated to the Inner Harbor in Baltimore, Maryland | pushpin_map = USA Maryland#USA | pushpin = Lighthouse | coordinates = {{coord|39.2836|N|76.6054|W|type:landmark}} (current) {{coord|39.1551|N|76.4091|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} (original) | yearlit = 1856 | automated = 1949 | yeardeactivated = 1988 | foundation = screw-pile | construction = wrought-iron (originally cast-iron) | lens = fourth-order Fresnel lens | height = {{convert|40|ft|abbr=on}} | range = {{convert|12|nmi|abbr=on}} | shape = cylindrical house | ARLHS = USA-750H | module ={{Infobox NRHP | embed = yes | nrhp_type = | image = Seven Foot Knoll Light.JPG | caption = Seven Foot Knoll Lighthouse at its present location | location= Pier 5, Inner Harbor, Baltimore, Maryland | built = {{Start date|1875}} | added = August 22, 1989 | area = less than one acre | governing_body = Local | refnum = 89001096[1] }} The Seven Foot Knoll Light was built in 1855 and is the oldest screw-pile lighthouse in Maryland. It was located atop Seven Foot Knoll in the Chesapeake Bay until it was replaced by a modern navigational aid and relocated to Baltimore's Inner Harbor as a museum exhibit. LocationIt was initially installed on a rocky shoal, Seven Foot Knoll, at the mouth of the Patapsco River. The northern tidal reach of this river is the Baltimore Harbor, where the now-decommissioned lighthouse has been placed as a museum exhibit. In 1997 the lighthouse was transferred to the Baltimore Maritime Museum (now the Historic Ships in Baltimore museum) and is permanently installed at the south end of Pier 5. ConstructionConstructed of {{convert|1|in|adj=on}} rolled iron, the lighthouse consists of three main sections. The gallery deck was located {{convert|9|ft}} above the average high tide waters. The house was the second section, sitting directly atop the gallery deck. This is where the keeper and his family would live. Atop the housing area was the third section of the lighthouse, the light beacon. A 4th order Fresnel lens was housed in the small light compartment. It was visible for {{convert|12|nmi|abbr=on}}. HistoryThe first requests for a light came in 1848, with initial appropriations in 1851. Delays in planning and bidding pushed the start of construction to 1854. The original house consisted of an iron cottage sitting upon nine iron piles which formed an octagon, with the ninth pile in the center.[2] Total construction costs came to $43,000 by its completion the following year. Most parts were fabricated in Baltimore at the Murray and Hazelhurst iron foundry. The parts were then shipped to Seven Foot Knoll by boat where they were assembled atop of the screw piles. In 1875, the original house was replaced with the current cylindrical structure made of wrought iron plates. Ice, the perennial threat to screw-pile structures, caused damage in 1884 and 1894, leading to the piling of {{convert|790|cuyd|m3}} of riprap around the piles.[3] The light was automated in 1949, and fell into disrepair, eventually being supplanted by a skeleton tower.[4] In 1988, the lighthouse was removed from Seven Foot Knoll, carried by a 1000 Ton Capacity Shearleg derrick, and placed ashore in Baltimore's Inner Harbor where it was donated to the city. On August 22, 1989 the lighthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[5] Aided by the Lady Maryland Foundation (now the Living Classrooms Foundation), many members of the Steinhice family descendants worked to restore the structure prior to its re-opening. The lighthouse is a contributing element in the Baltimore National Heritage Area and part of the Historic American Engineering Record .[6][7] RescuesThomas Jefferson Steinhise (Keeper 1930–1941) assisted in the rescue of a tugboat crew in 1933.[8][9] The tugboat Point Breeze was then owned by the Curtis Towing Company of Baltimore.[10] She was towing a barge of dredge spoils from Baltimore to Gibson Island on August 20, 1933. The {{convert|90|mi/h|abbr=on}} winds and {{convert|15|ft|abbr=on}}) seas had overcome the tug and the crew abandoned ship. Steinhice took the lighthouse's small motorboat and made his way out in the direction of the tug's distress whistle where he pulled six crew members from the water. Five crew members survived but the engineer perished. Steinhise was awarded the Silver Lifesaving Medal for his actions in saving the lives of the stranded crew.[8][9] He is buried in Holy Cross Cemetery, Glen Burnie, MD. and his memorial includes a U.S. Lighthouse Service grave-marker.[11][12] List of keepersA list of Head civilian keepers.[12]
See also{{stack|{{Portal| Maryland|NRHP|Lighthouses}}}}
References1. ^{{NRISref|version=2010a}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.uscg.mil/history/weblighthouses/LHMD.asp|title=Coast Guard Lighthouses|website=www.uscg.mil|access-date=2016-12-26}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://mht.maryland.gov/secure/medusa/PDF/NR_PDFs/NR-1040.pdf |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Seven Foot Knoll Light|date=June 1989|accessdate=2016-03-01 |author=Dennis Zembala|publisher=Maryland Historical Trust}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/pdf/lightLists/LightList%20V2.pdf|title=LIGHT LIST Volume II ATLANTIC COAST|last=|first=|date=2016|website=|publisher=US Coast Guard|access-date=2016-12-26}} 5. ^{{NRISref|version=2010a}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://explorebaltimore.org/bnha-map|title=Baltimore National Heritage Area Map|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=City of Baltimore|accessdate=December 27, 2016}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/md1070/|title=Seven Foot Knoll Lighthouse, Mouth of Patapsco River, Riviera Beach, Anne Arundel County, MD|last=Historic American Engineering Record|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Library of Congress|accessdate=December 27, 2016}} 8. ^1 {{Cite news|url=http://www.historicships.org/documents/Volume11Issue3-Fall2009.pdf|title=Seven Foot Knoll Lighthouse: The Keepers|last=Cora|first=Paul|date=2009|work=The Deck Log, Volume XI, Issue #3|access-date=2016-12-26|via=}} 9. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.tugboatinformation.com/tug.cfm?id=5501|title=Tugboat Information|website=www.tugboatinformation.com|access-date=2016-12-26}} 10. ^{{Citation|last=Lighthouses|first=Superintendent of|title=English: Image of a letter expressing the gratitude of the Curtis Bay Towing Company to Thomas Jefferson Steinhise.|date=1933-09-01|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Letter_of_gratitude_for_the_rescue_of_the_crew_of_the_tugboat_Point_Breeze.jpg|accessdate=2016-12-27}} 11. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.capitalgazette.com/neighborhoods/ph-ac-cc-around-pasadena-1126-20161121-story.html|title=Around Pasadena: Lighthouse hero honored with grave marker|last=Brown|first=Atalie Day|newspaper=capitalgazette.com|access-date=2016-12-26}} 12. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://www.lighthousefriends.com/light.asp?ID=419|title=Seven Foot Knoll Lighthouse|website=LighthouseFriends|access-date=2016-12-30}} External links{{Commons category}}
8 : Lighthouses completed in 1855|Inner Harbor, Baltimore|Landmarks in Baltimore|Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland|National Register of Historic Places in Baltimore|Lighthouses in Baltimore|Baltimore National Heritage Area|Historic American Engineering Record in Maryland |
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