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词条 List of currencies in Europe
释义

  1. European currencies

  2. Currencies of partially recognized states in Europe

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. External links

There are 25 currencies currently used in the 50 countries of Europe, all of which are members of the United Nations, except Vatican City, which is an observer.[1] All de facto present currencies in Europe, and an incomplete list of the preceding currency, are listed here.

A currency is a medium of exchange, such as money, banknotes, and coins.[2] In Europe, the most commonly used currency is the euro (used by 25 countries); any country entering the European Union (EU) is expected to join the eurozone[3] when they meet the five convergence criteria.[4] Denmark is the only EU member which has been granted an exemption from using the euro,[3] Sweden has also not adopted the Euro, although unlike Denmark, it has not formally opted out, instead, fails to meet the ERM II (Exchange Rate Mechanism) which results in the non-use of the Euro.[5][6] For countries which hope to join the eurozone, there are five guidelines that need to be followed, grouped in the Maastricht criteria.[3]

The pound sterling, used by the United Kingdom, is rated at fourth on Investopedia's list of the top 8 most tradable currencies, saying that it is a "little bit more volatile than the euro".[7] It was ranked just ahead of the Swiss franc, ranked fifth, which is used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein, saying that the set up of the Swiss banking "emphasizes the economic and financial stability policies dictated by the governing board of the SNB". Both are in the top 8 major currencies on Bloomberg.[8] Several countries use currencies which translate as "crown": the Czech koruna, the Norwegian krone, the Danish krone, the Icelandic króna, and the Swedish krona.[9]

At present, the euro is legal tender in 19 out of 28 European Union member states,[10] in addition to 5 countries not part of the EU (Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City, Andorra and Montenegro).[11] Kosovo also uses the euro,[11] but is only partially recognised as an independent state.

European currencies

List of all European currencies
CountryPresent currencyCurrency signISO 4217 codeFractional unitPrevious currency
Albania}} Albanian lek[12] L[13] ALL Qindarkë N/A
Andorra}} Euro[14] €[15] EUR Cent None official[14][16]
Armenia}} Armenian dram դր. AMD Luma Russian ruble
Austria}} Euro[17] € EUR Cent Schilling[18]
Azerbaijan}} Azerbaijani manat[19] ₼ AZN Qapik Russian ruble[20]
Belarus}} Belarusian ruble[21][22] Br BYN Kopeck Second ruble[23]
Belgium}} Euro[24] € EUR Cent Belgian franc[25]
Bosnia and Herzegovina}} Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark[26] KM BAM Fening Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar[27]
Bulgaria}} Bulgarian lev[28] лв BGN Stotinka N/A
Croatia}} Croatian kuna[29] kn HRK Lipa Croatian dinar[30]
Cyprus}} Euro[31] € EUR Cent Cypriot pound[32]
Czech Republic}} Czech koruna[33] Kč CZK Haléř Czechoslovak koruna[34]
Denmark}} Danish krone[35] kr. DKK Øre Danish rigsdaler[36]
Estonia}} Euro[37][38] € EUR Cent Estonian kroon[39][40]
Finland}} Euro[41] € EUR Cent Finnish markka[42]
France}} Euro[43] € EUR Cent French franc[44]
Georgia}} Georgian lari[45] ₾ GEL Tetri Kupon lari[46]
Germany}} Euro[47] € EUR Cent Deutsche Mark
Greece}} Euro[48] € EUR Cent Greek drachma[49]
Hungary}} Hungarian forint[50] Ft HUF Fillér Hungarian pengő[51]
Iceland}} Icelandic króna: second króna[52] kr, Íkr ISK Aurar Icelandic króna: first króna[52]
Ireland}} Euro[53] € EUR Cent Punt[54]
Italy}} Euro[55] € EUR Cent Italian lira[56]
Latvia}} Euro € EUR Cent Latvian lats[57]
Liechtenstein}} Swiss franc[58][59] CHF CHF Rappen, also called Centime, Centesimo, and Rap Liechtenstein krone[60]
Lithuania}} Euro [61][62] € EUR Cent Lithuanian litas
Luxembourg}} Euro[63] € EUR Cent Luxembourgish franc[64]
Malta}} Euro[65] € EUR Cent Maltese lira[66]
Moldova}} Moldovan leu[67] L MDL Ban Moldovan cupon[68]
Monaco}} Euro[69] € EUR Cent Monegasque franc
Montenegro}} Euro[69] € EUR Cent Deutsche Mark[70]
Netherlands}} Euro[71] € EUR Cent Dutch guilder[72]
North Macedonia}} Second Macedonian denar[73] ден MKD Deni First Macedonian denar[74]
Norway}} Norwegian krone[75] kr, – NOK Øre Norwegian speciedaler[76]
Poland}} Polish złoty[77] zł PLN Grosz Polish marka
Portugal}} Euro[78] € EUR CentPortuguese escudo[79]
Romania}} Romanian new leu[80] lei RON ban Third Romanian leu[81]
Russia}} Russian ruble[82] ₽ RUB Kopeyka Fifth Ruble[82]
San Marino}} Euro[83] € EUR Cent Sammarinese lira[83]
Serbia}} Serbian dinar[84] RSD or РСД (unofficial: din. or дин.) RSD Para Yugoslav dinar[84]
Slovakia}} Euro[85] € EUR Cent Slovak koruna[85]
Slovenia}} Euro[96] € EUR Cent Slovenian tolar[86]
Spain}} Euro[87] € EUR Cent Spanish peseta[87]
Sweden}} Swedish krona[88] kr SEK Öre Swedish riksdaler[88]
Switzerland}} Swiss franc[89] CHF[89] CHF Rappen, also called Centime, Centesimo, and Rap None[89]
Turkey}} Turkish lira[90] ₺ TRY Kuruş First Turkish Lira[90]
Ukraine}} Ukrainian hryvnia[91] ₴ UAH Kopiyka (копійка) Ukrainian karbovanets[91]
United Kingdom}} Pound sterling[92] £ GBP Penny (pl. Pence) Pound sterling[93]
Vatican City}} Euro[94] € EUR Cent Vatican lira[95]

Currencies of partially recognized states in Europe

List of all unrecognized European currencies
Unrecognized countryDe-jure countryPresent currencyCurrency signISO 4217 (or unofficial) codeFractional unitPrevious currency
Abkhazia}}Georgia}}Abkhazian apsar

Russian ruble (both official)

Aspar has no currency sign

₽

ABK

RUB

Aspar has no fractional unitKopeykaSoviet ruble
Kosovo}}Serbia}}Euro

Serbian dinar (unnoficial, only in Serb majority areas)

€

РСД

EUR

RSD

Cent

Para

Yugoslav dinar
Artsakh}}Azerbaijan}}Armenian dram, Artsakh dram (both official)դր.AMDLumaSoviet ruble
North Cyprus}}Cyprus}}Turkish lira

Euro (unofficial)

₺

€

TRY

EUR

KuruşCentCypriot pound
South Ossetia}}Georgia}}Russian ruble₽RUBKopeykaSoviet ruble
Transnistria}}Moldova}}Transnistrian rubleрубPRBKopeckSoviet ruble

See also

{{Portal|Europe|Money}}
  • Currencies of the European Union
  • List of circulating currencies

References

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83. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.ibiblio.org/theeuro/InformationWebsite.htm?http://www.ibiblio.org/theeuro/files/files.nat/sanmarino.s01.htm | title=Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino | work=The Euro Information Website | accessdate=18 September 2013}}
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89. ^1 2 {{cite web | url=http://www.oanda.com/currency/iso-currency-codes/CHF | title=Swiss Franc | work=Oanda | accessdate=19 September 2013}}
90. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.oanda.com/currency/iso-currency-codes/TRY | title=Turkish Lira | work=Oanda | accessdate=19 September 2013}}
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93. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1399693/A-history-of-sterling.html | title=A history of sterling | work=The Telegraph | date=8 October 2001 | accessdate=23 October 2013 | author=Dawnay, Kit}}
94. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.ecb.eu/euro/coins/html/va.en.html | title=Vatican City | publisher=European Central Bank | accessdate=25 July 2013}}
95. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.vaticanstate.va/content/vaticanstate/en/servizi/ufficio-filatelico-e-numismatico/emissioni-filateliche/emissioni-filateliche---2007/il-nuovo-museo-filatelico-e-numismatico---busta-celebrativa-uffi.html | title=The New Philatelic and Numismatic Museum – Official celebrative Envelope | publisher=Vatican City State | accessdate=25 July 2013}}

External links

  • International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)
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