“List of earthquakes in 1995”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Earthquakes in 1995 details the major earthquakes that occurred around the world in the year 1995.

Great Hanshin earthquake

The Great Hanshin earthquake, or Kobe earthquake, occurred on Tuesday, January 17, 1995 at 05:46 JST (January 16 at 20:46 UTC) in the southern part of Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. It measured 6.9 on the moment magnitude scale (USGS),^[1] and Mj7.3 (adjusted from 7.2) on the JMA magnitude scale.^[2] The tremors lasted for approximately 20 seconds. The focus of the earthquake was located 16 km beneath its epicenter,^[2] on the northern end of Awaji Island, 20 km away from the city of Kobe.

Approximately 6,434 people lost their lives (final estimate as of December 22, 2005).^[3] Among major cities, Kobe, with its population of 1.5 million, was the closest to the epicenter and hit by the strongest tremors. This was Japan's worst earthquake in the 20th century after the Great Kantō earthquake in 1923. Damage cost approximately ten trillion yen ($100 billion), around 2.5% of Japan's GDP at the time.

Marathon earthquake

Neftegorsk earthquake

The Neftegorsk earthquake was a 7.1 M_w (7.3 M_S) earthquake that devastated the town of Neftegorsk in northern Sakhalin Island, Russia on May 27, 1995 at 23:03 Russian time (13:03 UTC).^[5]

Neftegorsk was nearly destroyed completely by the earthquake. Approximately 2,000 of the 3,176 residents in the town were killed.^[6]

Antofagasta earthquake

The Antofagasta earthquake was an earthquake with a strength of 8.0 M_w^[7] registered on July 30, 1995 at 05:11 UTC (01:11 local time). Its epicenter was located near off the coast in the Chilean Sea near Antofagasta, affecting coastal areas of Antofagasta Region.

Guerrero earthquake

The Guerrero earthquake occurred on September 14, 1995 at 14:04 UTC (08:04 local time). This earthquake had a magnitude of 7.4 M_w, with the epicenter being located in the state of Guerrero, Mexico. Three people were reported dead. In the rural part of southeast Guerrero, many houses with adobe of poor quality suffered heavier damage.^[8] The intensity in Copala reached MM VII.^[9] The earthquake could be felt strongly along the coast from Michoacán to Chiapas.^[10]

Colima-Jalisco earthquake

The 1995 Colima-Jalisco earthquake was an 8.0 M_w earthquake which occurred on October 9, 1995 at 15:36 UTC, off the coast of Jalisco, Mexico, with least 49 people dead and 100 more injured. The earthquake triggered a tsunami, which affected a 200 km coast.^[11] The Cihuatlan-Manzanillo area, Colima, was more severely affected than other areas. The earthquake was felt in Mexico City and in high-rise buildings in Dallas and Houston.^[12]

Chiapas earthquake

The 1995 Chiapas earthquake occurred on October 20, 1995 at 20:38 local time (October 21, 1995 at 02:38 UTC). The epicenter was located in the state of Chiapas, Mexico, near Tuxtla Gutiérrez.^[13] It had a magnitude of M_w 7.1,^[10] or M_L 6.5.^[14] Building damage was reported. Around 70 people were reported injured. In Tuxtla Gutiérrez, telephone and electricity services were momentarily interrupted.^[15]

Wuding earthquake

The Wuding earthquake occurred on October 23, 1995 at 22:46 UTC (October 24, 1995 at 06:46 local time). The epicenter was located near Fenduo Village (芬多村), Fawo Township (发窝乡) of the Wuding County, Yunnan, China. The magnitude of the earthquake was put at M_w 6.2, or M_s 6.5. 53 people were reported dead and 13,903 people injured.^[16] Many houses and public buildings were damaged, including the Fawo Middle School (发窝中学) and the Fawo Township Office.^[17]

Gulf of Aqaba earthquake

The Gulf of Aqaba earthquake was a 7.1 magnitude earthquake that occurred on November 22, 1995 at 04:15 local time, in the eastern part of Egypt. At least 8 people were killed and 30 were injured in the epicentral region. Damage occurred in many parts of northeastern Egypt as far as Cairo. One person was killed and two slightly injured at Al Bad, Saudi Arabia. Some damage occurred at Jerusalem, Israel and Aqaba, Jordan.^[18]

References

1. ^{{cite web|author=U.S. Geological Survey |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/eqarchives/significant/sig_1995.php |title=Significant Earthquakes of the World: 1995 |accessdate=2008-05-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080601182725/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/eqarchives/significant/sig_1995.php |archivedate=2008-06-01 |df= }}
2. ^¹{{cite web|author=The City of Kobe|date=2009-01-01|url=http://www.city.kobe.lg.jp/safety/hanshinawaji/revival/promote/img/january.2009.pdf|title=STATISTICS|work=The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake: Statistics and Restoration Progress|accessdate=2009-11-29|format=PDF}}
3. ^{{cite web|author=Kobe City FIRE Bureau|date=2006-01-17|url=http://www.city.kobe.jp/cityoffice/48/quake/higai.html|title=被害の状況|work=阪神・淡路大震災|publisher=On the Site in Japanese of Kobe City FIRE Bureau|accessdate=2008-05-25}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/significant/sig_1995.php |title=Significant Earthquakes of the World: 1995 |publisher=United States Geological Survey |date=July 16, 2008 |accessdate=October 30, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608020600/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/significant/sig_1995.php |archivedate=June 8, 2011 |df= }}
5. ^[https://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/eqarchives/significant/sig_1995.php Significant Earthquakes of the World 1995] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080601182725/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/eqarchives/significant/sig_1995.php |date=2008-06-01 }} USGS
6. ^{{cite journal | pmid = 10187029 | volume=13 | title=The tale of the tragedy of Neftegorsk. | journal=Prehosp Disaster Med | pages=67–72}}
7. ^Earthquake Information for 1995 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090802035327/http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/eq_depot/1995/ |date=2009-08-02 }} by USGS
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.capac.org/web/Portals/0/biblioteca_virtual/doc002/CONGRESOS/Sordo_XCNIE.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-07-29 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328083814/http://www.capac.org/web/Portals/0/biblioteca_virtual/doc002/CONGRESOS/Sordo_XCNIE.pdf |archivedate=2012-03-28 |df= }}
9. ^http://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/14_07-0103.PDF
10. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/significant/sig_1995.php |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-10-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608020600/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/significant/sig_1995.php |archivedate=2011-06-08 |df= }}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=5423&t=101650&s=18&d=99,91,95,93&nd=display|title=Comments for this tsunami event|last=NGDC|accessdate=13 March 2010}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/significant/sig_1995.php |title=Significant earthquakes of the World, 1995 |last=USGS |accessdate=13 March 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608020600/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/significant/sig_1995.php |archivedate=8 June 2011 |df= }}
13. ^http://www.giis.org.mx/files/20%20OCTUBRE%201995.pdf{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
14. ^http://www.davanzada.com/noticia.php?id=64591{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
15. ^"SISMO EN MEXICO DEJA 70 HERIDOS", October 22, 1995. Diario Hoy, Ecuador.
16. ^{{cite web |url=http://data.earthquake.cn/data/zhenli/zeren/html/zhenli151.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-07-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328090250/http://data.earthquake.cn/data/zhenli/zeren/html/zhenli151.htm |archivedate=2012-03-28 |df= }}
17. ^http://nj.xxgk.yn.gov.cn/canton_model1/newsview.aspx?id=711313{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
18. ^{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/significant/sig_1995.php |title=Significant earthquakes of the World, 1995 |last=USGS |accessdate=29 February 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608020600/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/significant/sig_1995.php |archivedate=8 June 2011 |df= }}