“List of echinoderm orders”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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List of echinoderm orders

释义

Subphylum Crinozoa
Class Crinoidea Class Paracrinoidea † Class Cystoidea † Class Edrioasteroidea †
Subphylum Asterozoa
Class Ophiuroidea (Brittle stars) Class Asteroidea (Starfish)
Subphylum Echinozoa
Class Echinoidea (Sea urchins) Class Holothuroidea (Sea cucumbers) Class Ophiocistioidea † Class Helioplacoidea †
Subphylum Blastozoa †
Class Blastoidea † Class Eocrinoidea †
Subphylum Homostelea / Homalozoa †
Class Ctenocystoidea † Class Homoiostelea † Class Homostelea † Class Stylophora †
References

This List of echinoderm orders concerns the various classes and orders into which taxonomists categorize the roughly 7000 extant species^[1] as well as the extinct species of the exclusively marine phylum Echinodermata.

Subphylum Crinozoa

Class Crinoidea

Subclass Articulata (540 species)
- Order Bourgueticrinida
- Order Comatulida
- Order Cyrtocrinida
- Order Hyocrinida
- Order Isocrinida
- Order Millericrinida
Subclass †Flexibilia
Subclass †Camerata
Subclass †Disparida

Class Paracrinoidea †

No orders, 13 to 15 genera are known.

Class Cystoidea †

order Aristocystitida †
order Asteroblastida †
order Glyptosphaeritida †
order Sphaeronitida †

Class Edrioasteroidea †

order Edrioasterida
order Isorophida

Subphylum Asterozoa

Class Ophiuroidea (Brittle stars)

Order Euryalida
Order Ophiurida
Order Amphilepidida
Order Ophiacanthida
Order Ophioleucida
Order Ophioscolecida

Class Asteroidea (Starfish)

Infraclass Concentricycloidea
- Peripodida
Superorder Forcipulatacea
- Brisingida
- Forcipulatida
Superorder Spinulosacea
- Spinulosida
Superorder Valvatacea
- Notomyotida
- Paxillosida
- Valvatida
Velatida^[2]
† Calliasterellidae
† Trichasteropsida

Subphylum Echinozoa

Class Echinoidea (Sea urchins)

Order Diadematoida
Order Echinothurioida
Order Pedinoida

Superorder Echinacea
- Order Arbacioida
- Order Echinoida
- Order Phymosomatoida
- Order Salenioida
- Order Temnopleuroida
Superorder Gnathostomata
- Order Clypeasteroida (sand dollars)
- Order Holectypoida
Superorder Atelostomata
- Order Holasteroida
- Order Spatangoida (heart urchins)

Class Holothuroidea (Sea cucumbers)

Order Apodida
Order Dendrochirotida
Order Elasipodida
Order Holothuriida
Order Molpadida
Order Persiculida
Order Synallactida

Class Ophiocistioidea †

No orders recognized: class is divided up into four families, Eucladiidae, Sollasiniidae, Volchoviidae, and Rhenosquamidae. The inclusion of Rhenosquamidae within Ophiocistioidea is doubtful, as the organs identified in fossils of Rhenosquamus as the characteristic "scaly podia" otherwise diagnostic of ophiocistioids may not, in fact, be such structures.

Class Helioplacoidea †

No known orders, 2 known species, Helicoplacus curtisi and H. guthi

Subphylum Blastozoa †

Class Blastoidea †

Ordre Coronata †
Order Fissiculata †
Order Spiraculata †
basal Macurdablastus †

Class Eocrinoidea †

Order Ascocystida †
Order Gogiida †
Order Imbricata †
Order Trachelocrinida †

Subphylum Homostelea / Homalozoa †

Class Ctenocystoidea †

order Ctenocystida †

Class Homoiostelea †

order Soluta †

Class Homostelea †

order Cincta †

Class Stylophora †

order Cornuta †
order Mitrata †

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Echinodermata.html|title=Animal Diversity Web - Echinodermata|publisher=University of Michigan Museum of Zoology|accessdate=26 August 2012}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/asteroz2/index_f/mod_fm.html |title=Asterozoa: Fossil groups: SciComms 05-06: Earth Sciences |accessdate=2008-05-07 |publisher=University of Bristol |last=Sweet |first=Elizabeth |date=2005-11-22 }}

1 : Echinoderm orders

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