| 词条 | List of English–Spanish interlingual homographs |
| 释义 |
This is a list of words that occur in both the English language and the Spanish language, but which have different meanings and/or pronunciations in each language. Such words are called interlingual homographs.[1][2] Homographs are two or more words that have the same written form. This list includes only homographs that are written precisely the same in English and Spanish: They have the same spelling, hyphenation, capitalization, word dividers, etc. It excludes proper nouns and words that have different diacritics (e.g., invasion/invasión, pâté/paté). {{TOC limit|3}}Relationships between wordsThe words below are categorised based on their relationship: cognates, false cognates, false friends, and modern loanwords. Cognates are words that have a common etymological origin. False cognates are words in different languages that seem to be cognates because they look similar and may even have similar meanings, but which do not share a common ancestor. False friends do share a common ancestor, but even though they look alike or sound similar, they differ significantly in meaning. Loanwords are words that are adopted from one language into another. Since this article is about homographs, the loanwords listed here are written the same not only in English and Spanish, but also in the language that the word came from. Many of the words in the list are Latin cognates. Because Spanish is a Romance language (which means it evolved from Latin), many of its words are either inherited from Latin or derive from Latin words. Although English is a Germanic language, it, too, incorporates thousands of Latinate words that are related to words in Spanish.[3] Yet even with so many Latin cognates, only a small minority are written precisely the same in both languages. Even though the words in this list are written the same in both languages, none of them are pronounced the same—not even the word no. CognatesThe cognates in the table below share meanings in English and Spanish, but have different pronunciation. Some words entered Middle English and Early Modern Spanish indirectly and at different times. For example, a Latinate word might enter English by way of Old French, but enter Spanish directly from Latin. Such differences can introduce changes in spelling and meaning. Although most of the cognates have at least one meaning shared by English and Spanish, they can have other meanings that are not shared. A word might also be used in different contexts in each language. Arabic cognates{{See also|Arabic language influence on the Spanish language|List of English words of Arabic origin}}{{columns-list|colwidth=14em|
}} {{notelist}} Aymara cognates{{See also|List of Spanish words of Indigenous American Indian origin}}
French cognates{{See also|List of English words of French origin}}
{{notelist}} German cognates{{See also|Outline of German expressions in English}}
Greek cognates{{See also|English words of Greek origin}}All of the following Greek cognates are nouns. In addition, gas and gases are verbs in English. {{columns-list|colwidth=14em|
}} Japanese cognates{{See also|List of English words of Japanese origin}}{{columns-list|colwidth=14em|
}} {{notelist}} Latin cognates{{See also|Latin influence in English|List of Latin words with English derivatives}}{{columns-list|colwidth=14em|
}} {{notelist}} Words with an -a ending{{columns-list|colwidth=14em|
}} {{notelist}} Words with an -able ending{{columns-list|colwidth=14em|
}} Words with an -al endingAll of the following words are adjectives and/or nouns. {{columns-list|colwidth=14em|
}} {{notelist}} Words with an -ar ending{{columns-list|colwidth=14em|
}} Words with an -el ending{{columns-list|colwidth=14em|
}} {{notelist}} Words with an -er ending{{Columns-list|colwidth=14em|
}} {{notelist}} Words with an -ible ending{{Columns-list|colwidth=14em|
}} {{notelist}} Words with an -o ending{{Columns-list|colwidth=14em|
}} {{notelist}} Words with an -or endingAll of the following words are adjectives and/or nouns. {{Columns-list|colwidth=14em|
}} {{notelist}} Māori cognates{{See also|Māori influence on New Zealand English}}
{{notelist}} Nahuatl cognates{{See also|List of English words from indigenous languages of the Americas#Words from Nahuatl|List of Spanish words of Nahuatl origin}}{{columns-list|colwidth=14em|
}} Proto-Indo-European cognates{{See also|Proto-Indo-European language}}{{columns-list|colwidth=14em|
}} {{notelist}} Quechua cognates{{See also|List of Spanish words of Indigenous American Indian origin|Quechuan languages}}{{columns-list|colwidth=14em|
}} {{notelist}} Russian cognates{{See also|List of English words of Russian origin}}
Sinhalese cognates{{See also|Sinhalese language}}
Taíno cognates{{See also|Taíno language|List of Spanish words of Indigenous American Indian origin}}
{{notelist}} Tamil cognates{{See also|Tamil loanwords in other languages#In English}}
{{notelist}} Tupi cognates{{See also|Old Tupi|List of Spanish words of Indigenous American Indian origin}}{{columns-list|colwidth=14em|
}} Turkish cognates{{See also|List of English words of Turkic origin}}
Wolof cognates{{See also|Wolof language|List of English words of Niger-Congo origin}}
False cognates{{Further|False cognate}}Although the words in this section are written identically in English and Spanish, they have different meanings in each language, and they are not cognates. {{Columns-list|colwidth=14em|
}} {{notelist}} LoanwordsThe table below lists English-to-Spanish and Spanish-to-English loanwards, as well as loanwards from other modern languages that share the same orthography in both English and Spanish. In some cases, the common orthography resulted because a word entered the Spanish lexicon via English. These loanwords may retain spelling conventions that are foreign to Spanish (as in whisky). In Spanish, only loanwords use the letters k and w. English-to-Spanish loanwords{{wtc|Spanish terms derived from English}}All of the following loanwords are either nouns or gerunds. Words ending in -ing are gerunds in English and nouns in Spanish. {{Columns-list|colwidth=14em|
}} {{notelist}} Spanish-to-English loanwords{{wtc|English terms derived from Spanish}}{{Further|List of English words of Spanish origin}}Although the meanings of the following loanwords overlap, most of them have different senses and/or shades of meaning in Spanish and English. Generally, loanwords have more diverse and nuanced meanings in the originating language than they do in the adopting language. {{Columns-list|colwidth=14em|
}} {{notelist}} Loanwords from other languagesThe following loanwords occur in both Modern English and Modern Spanish, but originated in another language. Several of the words entered the Spanish language via English. {{col-float}}From Finnish{{See also|List of English words of Finnish origin}}
From French{{See also|List of English words of French origin}}
{{notelist}} From Italian{{See also|List of Spanish words borrowed from Italian|List of English words of Italian origin}}
From Quechua{{See also|List of Spanish words of Indigenous American Indian origin}}
{{notelist}} From Swahili{{See also|List of English words of Niger-Congo origin}}
From Zulu{{See also|List of English words of Zulu origin}}
See also{{Portal|Language}}
Notes1. ^{{cite book |editor-last=Kecskes |editor-first=Istvan |editor2-last=Albertazzi |editor2-first=Liliana |year=2007 |title=Cognitive Aspects of Bilingualism |last=Dijkstra |first=Ton |chapter=Task and Context Effects in Bilingual Lexical Processing § Interlingual Homographs |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8XuiLxjdmP0C&pg=PA219 |publisher=Springer |page=219 |isbn=978-1-4020-5935-3 |oclc=915958351 |access-date=2017-06-23 |via=Google Books}} 2. ^{{cite thesis |last=Chen |first=Lillian |year=2008 |title=Top-down Effects on Multiple Meaning Access Within and Between Languages |chapter=Background § Language-Selective Access |page=25 |publisher=University of Michigan |oclc= |chapter-url=https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/61551/lillianc_1.pdf |access-date=2017-06-23}} 3. ^A major reason for the number of Latinate words in English is the Norman conquest of England in the 11th century. The Norman language is a Romance language. Before long, many people in England were speaking a language with elements of Norman and Old English. This language is called Anglo-Norman, and it eventually evolved into Modern English. Meanwhile, the Norman language evolved into the French language. 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://dle.rae.es/?id=NDa59lf |title=liana |website=Diccionario de la lengua española |publisher=Real Academia Española |access-date=2017-09-11}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/liana |title=liana |website=Collins English Dictionary |publisher=HarperCollins |access-date=2017-09-11}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=guano |title=guano |last=Harper |first=Douglas |website=Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date=2016-04-05}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=poncho |title=poncho |last=Harper |first=Douglas |website=Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date=2016-04-05}} 8. ^{{cite book |title=Notes on English Etymology |last=Skeat |first=Walter William |authorlink=Walter William Skeat |year=1901 |page=224 |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cGxMAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA224 |oclc=312336 |access-date=2016-04-05}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=iguana |title=iguana |last=Harper |first=Douglas |website=Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date=2016-04-05}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=banana |title=banana |last=Harper |first=Douglas |authorlink=Douglas Harper |website=Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date=2016-04-05}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/jersey |title=jersey (n.) |last=Harper |first=Douglas |authorlink=Douglas Harper |website=Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date=2018-04-15}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://etimologias.dechile.net/?jersey |title=jersey |website=etimologias.dechile.net |access-date=2018-04-15}} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=llama |title=llama |last=Harper |first=Douglas |website=Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date=2016-04-05}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=puma |title=puma |last=Harper |first=Douglas |website=Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date=2016-04-05}} References
External links
3 : Lists of English words|Spanish etymology|Lists of Spanish words of foreign origin |
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