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词条 List of executions at Fremantle Prison
释义

  1. History

  2. List

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. Further reading

{{Use Australian English|date=March 2018}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}

Executions at Fremantle Prison in Fremantle, Western Australia, were carried out between 1889 and 1964. Other places of execution in Western Australia included the Roundhouse at Fremantle; the old and new Perth Gaols; on the island of Rottnest; at the sites of the capital offence, such as at Maddington and Norrilong, York; on the eastern end of The Causeway at Victoria Park; at Redcliffe; at Roebourne in the Pilbara; at Derby and Mount Dockerell (near Halls Creek) in the Kimberley; and at Albany and Geraldton. All executions were by hanging except that of Midgegooroo, carried out by firing squad at the old Perth Gaol in 1833.

43 men and one woman were hanged at Fremantle Prison. Condemned prisoners were vigilantly observed to prevent suicide attempts. On the day of execution, they were hanged by falling through an opening trap door with a noose around their neck, in front of witnesses. In the 19th century, the media gave comprehensive accounts of the executions, but in later years they became private matters, concealed within the prison walls. Capital punishment was abolished in Western Australia in 1984.

Included on the list below are all the executions carried out at Fremantle Prison.

History

Western Australia's first legal execution of a British colonist occurred in 1844, outside the Roundhouse at Fremantle. Fifteen-year-old John Gavin had been found guilty of the murder of George Pollard at South Dandalup, despite the circumstantial evidence and an absence of motive.[1]

As soon as Fremantle Prison came under local control in 1886, a refractory block with gallows was planned.[2]{{rp|46}} It was completed in 1888,[3] and first used in 1889 to execute convicted murderer Jimmy Long, a Malay.[2]{{rp|46}}[2] The gallows room remained a legal place of execution until 1984.[3] 43 men[3] and one woman were hanged in this period. Martha Rendell was the only woman to be hanged at the prison, in 1909. The last person to be hanged was serial killer Eric Edgar Cooke, executed in 1964.[4]{{rp|63}}

From the day of sentencing to death, prisoners were kept in a concrete-floored cell in New Division. They were vigilantly observed to prevent them escaping their sentence through suicide. With hangings taking place on Monday mornings, at 8:00 am, condemned prisoners were woken three hours earlier, and provided with a last meal, shower, and clean clothes. Afterwards, handcuffed, they were moved to a holding or "condemned cell" nearby the gallows, and allowed a couple of sips of brandy to calm their nerves.[4]{{rp|54–56}}

Shortly before 8:00 am, they were hooded, and led up to the execution chamber, which could hold as many as eleven witnesses. They were made to stand over the trap door, had a noose put around their neck, and were hanged by falling through the opening trap door. After medical examination, the deceased was removed for burial.[4]{{rp|54–56}}

Witnesses could become distressed during an executions, and even officers sometimes fainted. It was also difficult to find someone, usually independent of the prison, to employ as the executioner – they were often recruited from the eastern states in the 20th century.[3]{{rp|92}}

In the 19th century, the media gave comprehensive accounts of the executions. Harry Pres's final moments on 8 November 1889 were described by The West Australian as:[4]{{rp|56}}

{{quote|At a sign from the sheriff, the executioner pulled back the lever, and with a sickening thud the man disappeared from view. The deceased was a small made man, and consequently a drop of about ten feet [{{convert|10|ft|m|disp=out}}] was given him, and on looking below it was seen that death had been almost instantaneous, scarcely a movement being perceptible in the swaying figure, which in a few minutes became rigid and motionless as the rope ceased swaying to and fro.|The West Australian, 9 November 1899[5]}}

Initially seen as a way to intimidate the population through the application of the law,[3]{{rp|93}} executions carried out at Fremantle Prison became private matters, concealed within its walls.[3]{{rp|93}} Capital punishment was abolished in Western Australia in 1984,[6] and by the 21st century few Australians yearned for it.[3]{{rp|95}} Author and journalist Cyril Ayris wrote that:

{{quote|One often hears it said of criminals: "hanging is too good for them" yet many who favour capital punishment would change their minds if they visited the execution chamber and familiarised themselves with the ritual of capital punishment. It is a macabre business, which in the author's view at least, can never be condoned|Cyril Ayris, 2003 [first published 1995][4]{{rp|54}}}}

List

[4]{{rp>63}}[7]
PrisonerExecution date
Jimmy|Long|nolink=1}}2 March 1889}}[8]
Harry|Pres|nolink=1}}[4]{{rp|63}}
aka {{sortname|Arle|Pres|nolink=1}}[7]		8 November 1889}}
Li Ki |Hong
aka Ah Chi|nolink=1}}		16 April 1891}}[9]
Sin Cho|Chi|nolink=1}}29 April 1892}}[10]
Chew|Fong|nolink=1}}29 April 1892}}[11]
Yong|Quong|nolink=1}}[4]{{rp|63}}
aka {{sortname|Young|Quong|nolink=1}}[7]		29 April 1892}}[11]
Lyn|Nye|nolink=1}}[4]{{rp|63}}
aka {{sortname|Lyee|Nyee|nolink=1}}[7]		29 April 1892}}[11]
Mahomet|Goulam|nolink=1}}2 May 1896}}[12]
Jumma|Kahn|nolink=1}}31 March 1897}}[13]
Peter|Perez|nolink=1}}19 July 1900}}
Pedro|De La Cruz|nolink=1}}19 July 1900}}
Samuel|Peters|nolink=1}}9 September 1902}}[14][15]
Stelios|Psichitsas|nolink=1}}[7]15 April 1903}}
Fred|Maillat|nolink=1}}[4]{{rp|63}}
aka {{sortname|Fredrick|Mailliat|nolink=1}}[7]		21 April 1903}}
Sabro|Rokka|nolink=1}}[4]{{rp|63}}
aka {{sortname|Sebaro|Rocca (Rokka)|nolink=1}}[7]		7 July 1903}}
Ah|Hook|nolink=1}}[16]11 January 1904}}
Mahomet|Mianoor|nolink=1}}[4]{{rp|63}}
aka {{sortname|Mohomet|Mianoor|nolink=1}}[7]		4 May 1904}}
Charles|Hagan|nolink=1}}14 December 1905}}
Simeon|Espada|nolink=1}}14 December 1905}}
Pablo|Marquez|nolink=1}}14 December 1905}}
Antonio|Sala|nolink=1}}19 November 1906}}
Augustin|De Kitchilan|nolink=1}}23 October 1907}}[17]
Harry|Smith|nolink=1}}23 March 1908}}
Iwakichi|Oki|nolink=1}}22 October 1908}}
Martha|Rendell}}6 October 1909}}
Peter|Robustelli|nolink=1}}[18]9 February 1910}}
Alexander|Smart|nolink=1}}7 March 1911}}
David|Smithson|nolink=1}}25 July 1911}}
Charles|Spargo|nolink=1}}[19]1 July 1913}}
Charles|Odgers|nolink=1}}[20]14 January 1914}}
Andrea|Sacheri|nolink=1}}[21]12 April 1915}}
Frank|Matamin alias Rosland|nolink=1}}12 March 1923}}[22]
Royston|Rennie|nolink=1}}[23]2 August 1926}}
William|Coulter|nolink=1}}[24]25 October 1926}}
Phillip|Treffene|nolink=1}}[24][4]{{rp|63}}
aka {{sortname|Phillip|Trefene|nolink=1}}[7]		25 October 1926}}
John|Milner|nolink=1}}[25]21 May 1928}}
Clifford|Hulme|nolink=1}}3 September 1928}}[26]
Antonio|Fanto|nolink=1}}[27]18 May 1931}}
John Thomas|Smith (Snowy Rowles) |nolink=1}}13 June 1932}}
Karol|Tapei|nolink=1}}[4]{{rp|63}}
aka {{sortname|Karol|Tapci|nolink=1}}[7]		23 June 1952}}
Robert|Thomas|nolink=1}}[28]18 June 1960}}
Mervyn|Fallows|nolink=1}}[28]6 June 1961}}
Brian William|Robinson}}[28]20 January 1964}}
Eric Edgar|Cooke}}[28]26 October 1964}}

See also

{{Portal|Criminal justice|Death|Western Australia}}
  • Capital punishment in Australia
  • List of people legally executed in Australia
  • Architecture of Fremantle Prison
  • History of Fremantle Prison
  • Riots at Fremantle Prison
  • Staff and prisoners of Fremantle Prison

References

1. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article65583189 |title=Quarter sessions|newspaper=The Inquirer|date=10 April 1844|page=2|accessdate=3 August 2014}}
2. ^{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32717229|title=Execution in Fremantle Prison|newspaper=The Western Mail|date=9 March 1889|page=8|accessdate=5 December 2014}}
3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book |last1=Bosworth |first1=Michal |title=Convict Fremantle: A Place of Promise and Punishment |year=2004 |publisher=University of Western Australia Press |isbn=978-1-920694-33-3}}
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 {{Cite book |last1=Ayris |first1=Cyril |author-link1=Cyril Ayris |title=Fremantle Prison: A Brief History |year=2003 |origyear=First published 1995 |publisher=Cyril Ayris Freelance |isbn=0 9581882 1 1 }}
5. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3129737 |title=Execution in Fremantle Prison |newspaper=The West Australian |location=Perth, WA |date=9 November 1889 |accessdate=6 November 2014 |page=3 |via=Trove (National Library of Australia)}}
6. ^1 2 {{cite encyclopedia |last1=Murray |first1=Sandra |editor1-last=Gregory |editor1-first=Jenny |editor2-last=Gothard |editor2-first=Jan |title=Fremantle Prison |encyclopedia=Historical Encyclopedia of Western Australia |date=2009 |publisher=University of Western Australia Press |isbn=978-1-921401-15-2 |pages=391–2}}
7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite web |author1=The Department of Finance – Building Management and Works |title=Capital Punishment |url=http://www.fremantleprison.com.au/History/themodernera/capitalpunishment/Pages/default.aspx |website=Fremantle Prison |publisher=Government of Western Australia |accessdate=10 October 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513025417/http://www.fremantleprison.com.au/History/themodernera/capitalpunishment/Pages/default.aspx |archivedate=13 May 2014 |deadurl=yes |df= }} {{webarchive |format=addlarchives |url=https://www.webcitation.org/6TXKRF8b8?url=http://www.fremantleprison.com.au/History/themodernera/capitalpunishment/Pages/default.aspx |date=23 October 2014}}.
8. ^{{cite news|title=Execution in Fremantle Prison|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3124222|work=The West Australian|date=4 March 1889|location=Perth WA|page=3}}
9. ^{{cite news|title=Execution of the Daliak Murderer|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article77424161|accessdate=17 November 2015|work=The Daily News|date=16 April 1891|location=Perth, WA|page=3}}
10. ^{{cite news|title=The Murder of Fairhead by Sin Cho Chi|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article69701219|accessdate=19 November 2015|work=The Inquirer and Commercial News|date=30 April 1892|location=Perth, WA|page=3}}
11. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=The Case against Yung Quonk, Chew Fong and Lee Nyee|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article69701218|accessdate=19 November 2015|work=The Inquirer and Commercial News|date=30 April 1892|location=Perth, WA|page=3}}
12. ^{{cite news|title=The Execution|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article84723730|accessdate=19 November 2015|work=The Daily News|date=2 May 1896|location=Perth, WA|page=5}}
13. ^{{cite news|title=The Fremantle Tragedy|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article33134894|accessdate=19 November 2015|work=The Western Mail|date=2 April 1897|location=Perth, WA|page=18}}
14. ^{{cite news|title=Execution of the Leederville Murderer|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article69927535|accessdate=19 November 2015|work=Albany Advertiser|date=9 September 1902|page=3}}
15. ^{{cite news|title=The Leederville Murder - Trial of Samuel Peters|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article24751941|accessdate=19 November 2015|work=The West Australian|date=8 August 1902|location=Perth, WA|page=3}}
16. ^{{cite news|title=Why Ah Hook died - a Triple Murder|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article84766656|accessdate=19 November 2015|work=The Daily News|date=11 January 1904|location=Perth, WA|page=1}}
17. ^{{cite news|title=The Waroona Murder|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/25715967|accessdate=15 August 2016|work=The west Australian|date=24 October 1907|page=7}}
18. ^{{cite news|title=Execution at Fremantle|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/69952740|accessdate=15 August 2016|work=Albany Advertiser|date=12 February 1910|page=3}}
19. ^{{cite news|title=Spargo's End|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article57748879|accessdate=19 November 2015|work=Sunday Times|date=6 July 1913|location=Perth, WA}}
20. ^{{cite news|title=Charles Odgers hanged|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/33532559|accessdate=13 September 2016|work=Kalgoorlie Western Argus|date=20 January 1914|page=28}}
21. ^{{cite news|title=Marrinup Murder - Execution of Sacheri |url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/37424299|accessdate=13 September 2016|work=Western Mail|date=16 April 1915|location=Perth, WA|page=37}}
22. ^{{cite news|title=No Untoward Circumstance - Condemned Man Prepared to Die|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/77894543|accessdate=15 August 2016|work=Daily News|date=12 March 1923|location=Perth, WA|page=9}}
23. ^{{cite news|title=Cold-blooded killing of young bank officer in a train near East Perth|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article59519687|accessdate=24 November 2015|work=Sunday Times|date=23 July 1950|location=Perth, WA|page=5}}
24. ^1 {{cite news|title=Kalgoorlie Murderers Hanged This Morning|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/83384254|accessdate=5 February 2017|work=Daily News|date=25 October 1926|location=Perth, WA|page=1}}
25. ^{{cite news|title=Darkan Murder - John Milner Hanged |url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/page/7927815 |accessdate=5 February 2017|date=21 May 1928|work=Daily News|location=Perth, WA |page=1}}
26. ^{{cite news|title=Wubin Murder Case - Clifford Hulme Executed|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article34435818|accessdate=19 November 2015|work=Western Argus|date=11 September 1928|location=Kalgoorlie, WA|page=27}}
27. ^{{cite news|title=The Latham Murder - Execution of Fanto|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32520162|accessdate=19 November 2015|work=The West Australian|date=19 May 1931|location=Perth, WA|page=14}}
28. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last1=Purdue|first1=Brian|title=Legal Executions in Western Australia|date=1993|publisher=Foundation Press|isbn=9781875778003|pages=54–55}}

Further reading

  • {{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article76064131 |title=Amazing Inside Story of Fremantle Gaol Executions |newspaper=The Mirror |location=Perth, WA |date=7 January 1939 |page=17 |via=Trove (National Library of Australia)}}

2 : Lists of executed people|Fremantle Prison
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