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词条 List of extinct animals of the Philippines
释义

  1. See also

  2. References

The Philippines had a large and diverse group of mammalian species in the past. They are widely distributed across the archipelago. However, they became extinct due to several factors. There are at least eight mammalian species that have been extinct since the Pleistocene Epoch. A fossil species of Sirenia has been found on Palawan and went extinct during the Miocene. Other unknown species of extinct deer, buffalo, pig and small mammals are only known from incomplete fossil remains known from Pleistocene. The Asian elephant was introduced to the philippines, originally transported to the Sultanate of Sulu and Maguindanao, but became extinct on those areas or were transported back to Sabah for unknown reasons sometime during the 13th to 16th(?) century. One former species of bat known as Acerodon lucifer was thought to be extinct, but is now synonymous with the giant golden-crowned flying fox. Thus, the species still thrives in the archipelago, but is locally extinct on the island of Panay.

Paleontological and archeological findings yielded information regarding the extinct Mammalian species found in the Philippines through the excavation of various sites in the country.

Image Common name/scientific name Period Description
Elephas sp. Pleistocene Found on Iloilo, Panay Island
Asian elephant
Elephas maximus 		Holocene Introduced in the 13th-16th? century from Sabah in the reign of the Sultanate of Sulu, and became extinct on Maguindanao or were transported back to Sabah. Bone fragments are the only proof left behind of their existence.
Stegodon luzonensis Pleistocene Once roamed in the plains of Luzon, Mindanao and entire Philippine Archipelago. Unfavorable geographical conditions and human exploitation caused their extinction.[1]
Palawan fossil Sirenia
Dugong sp.? 		Miocene Discovered in Palawan in 2011. The fossil hasn't yet been extracted from the rocks in fear of destroying the natural heritage caves of Palawan. Future technology in fossil extraction is the only way to get and identify the fossil.[2]
Fossil murines Pleistocene Excavations in Callao Cave, in the lowland (c. 85 m elevation) Cagayan River Valley of northeastern Luzon, Philippines, have produced the first fossils of any endemic genera of Philippine murinae rodents. Three dentaries dated to the Late Pleistocene, between c. 50,000 and 68,000 BP, are referred to the genera Batomys and Apomys.[3]
Tiger
Panthera tigris 		Holocene Extinct on Palawan Island. The identity of the subspecies found on Palawan is uncertain, though the tiger bones appear similar to the Sumatran tiger. They became extinct due to a combination of diminished prey, loss of habitat and human interference.[1][4]
Philippine rhinoceros
Rhinoceros philippinensis 		Pleistocene Due to the lack of a complete skeleton, little is known about Rhinoceros philippinensis, other than that it lived during the Pleistocene era (2.588 million – 11,700 years ago) and that it was essentially the larger version of its modern cousin, the Sumatran rhino. Fossilized upper jaw. The specimen is a portion of right upper jaw with two well-preserved molars and a broken one of a rhinoceros.[1][5]
Cebu warty pig
Sus cebifrons cebifrons 		Holocene The Cebu warty pig previously lived on the island of Cebu before becoming extinct in modern times, primarily due to habitat destruction and human exploitation. The subspecies was declared extinct in 2000, however, other warty pig subspecies still survive on other Philippine islands.
Palawan Cervus
Cervus sp. 		Pleistocene Unknown extinct species of deer found on the Palawan mainland.
Cebu tamaraw
Bubalus cebuensis 		Pleistocene or Holocene The Cebu tamaraw stood only 75 cm (about 2 ft 6 in) and weighed about 150 to 160 kg (around 300 lbs).[1][6] The species was smaller than the modern Mindoro tamaraw.
Luzon giant tortoise
Megalochelys sondaari 		Pleistocene Lived on the island of Luzon.[7]
Celebochoerus cagayanensis Pleistocene Lived in the Cagayan Valley on Luzon. [8]
Luzon buffalo
Bubalus sondaari 		Pleistocene Lived on Luzon.[9]
Dhole
Cuon alpinus 		Holocene Lived on Palawan during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene.[10]

See also

  • List of mammals of the Philippines
  • List of Asian animals extinct in the Holocene

References

1. ^1 2 3 Mark V. 7 Prehistoric Animals You Didn’t Know Once Roamed The Philippines, retrieved from: http://www.filipiknow.net/prehistoric-animals-in-the-philippines/
2. ^Tann (2011), 20-million-year-old fossil sea cow discovered in Palawan, retrieved from: http://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com/2011/10/20-million-year-old-fossil-sea-cow.html
3. ^Heaney, et al (2007), The first fossil record of endemic murid rodents from the Philippines: A late Pleistocene cave fauna from northern Luzon retrieved from: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2988/10-32.1
4. ^Piper, P., Ochoa, J., Lewis, H., Paz, V., & Ronquillo, W. (2008). The first evidence for the past presence of the tiger Panthera tigris (L.) on the island of Palawan, Philippines: Extinction in an island population Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 264 (1-2), 123-127
5. ^http://philmuseum.ueuo.com/nm_museum/nmtreasure/geo/rhino.html
6. ^American Museum of Natural History (2006) Fossil Of New Species Of Dwarf Buffalo From Philippines, retrieved from: http://www.amnh.org/our-research/science-news2/2006/fossil-of-new-species-of-dwarf-buffalo-from-philippines-described-by-american-museum-of-natural-history-paleontologist-and-colleagues
7. ^https://www.eeb.ucla.edu/Faculty/Shaffer/pubs/TurtleExtinctionsWorkingGroup_2015_fossil_checklist_v1_2015.pdf
8. ^https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Thomas_Ingicco/publication/305688722_In_press/links/5799dd1b08aefaeb30a9912a.pdf
9. ^http://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/39003482/Chapter_11_Pawlik_et_al_Modern_Humans_in_the_Philippines_p135-147_Proof.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1493825406&Signature=K1lsLUNjayJq1dsOz8W0gAd6mPQ%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DModern_Humans_in_the_Philippines_-_Colon.pdf{{dead link|date=March 2019}}
10. ^http://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/n2320/pdf/ch15.pdf

7 : Fauna of the Philippines|Lists of biota of the Philippines|Extinct animals of Asia|Lists of extinct animals by country|Lists of extinct species by location|Conservation in the Philippines|Paleontology in the Philippines
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