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词条 List of fasts undertaken by Mahatma Gandhi
释义

  1. Fasts

  2. References

  3. External links

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi or The Father of the Nation in India, undertook 17 fasts during India's freedom movement. His longest fasts lasted 21 days. Fasting was a weapon used by Gandhi as part of his philosophy of Ahimsa (non-violence) as well as satyagraha.[1]

Fasts

Number Date Duration Place Reason and demands Reaction to fastResult
1 1913 (July 13-20)[2]7 days Phoenix, South Africa First penitential fast[3]
2 1914 (April)14 days Second penitential fast[3]
3 1918 (March 15-18)3 days Ahmedabad In the interest of striking mill workers in Ahmedabad First fast in India Mill workers agreed to arbitration[3]
4 1919 (Apr 14-16)3 days First anti-violence fast: against the attempted derail of a train at Nadiad.[3]
5 1921 (Nov 19-22)4 days Second anti-violence fast: against the anarchists' activities on the occasion of the Prince of Wales arrival[3]
6 1922 (Feb 2-7)5 days Bardoli Third anti-violence fast: for atonement for violence done in Chauri Chaura incident.
7 1924 (Sep 18-Oct 8)21 days Delhi First Hindu-Muslim unity fast Interest of Hindu - Muslim unity after the first non-cooperation movement Ended fast while listening to the Quran and Gita being read.[4]
8 1925 (Nov 24-30)7 days Third Penitential Fast.[3]
9 1932 (Sep 20-26)6 days Poona First anti-untouchability fast: Communal Award of separate electorates and separate reservation of seats for depressed classes Fast undertaken at Yerwada Central Jail. When released a few days later, Gandhi continued his fast at a private house in Poona, with the result that all national leaders assembled in Pune. British Government withdrew the clauses in the Communal Award against which Gandhi was protesting[4]
10 1932 (Dec 3) 1 day Second anti-untouchability fast: sympathetic to Appasaheb Patwardhan[5]
11 1933 (May 8-May 29)21 days Third anti-untouchability fast: for the improvement of Harijans' condition[6]
12 1933 (Aug 16-23)7 days Fourth anti-untouchability fast: to obtain privileges (while in prison) that would enable him to carry on his fight in behalf of the Harijans[6] Released unconditionally from prison on 23 August 1933, for health reasons[7]
13 1934 (Aug 7-14) 7 days Fourth anti-violence fast: against a violent young Congressman[5]
14 1939 (March)3 days[8] Rajkot
15 1943 (Feb 10-Mar 3)21 days Delhi Objecting to his detention without charges by the British.[9][10]
16 1947 (Sep 1-4)4 days Second Hindu-Muslim unity fast[5]
17 1948 (Jan 13[11]-18)6 days Third Hindu-Muslim unity fast: restoration of communal peace Politicians and leaders of communal bodies had to agreed for a joint plan for restoration of normal life A large number of important politicians and leaders of communal bodies agreed to a joint plan for restoration of normal life in the city

References

1. ^{{cite news|title=National hunger strike?|url=http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/NewsDetails.aspx?storyid=307474|accessdate=27 January 2012|newspaper=Gulf Daily News|date=9 June 2011}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://gandhiserve.org/cwmg/VOL013.PDF#[207,{%22name%22:%22FitH%22},678]|title=Letter to Millie Graham Polak, July 13, 1913|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.mahatma.com/php/showContent.php?linkid=7 |title=Short Chronology of Gandhi’s Life |author=Jack, Homer A. |date=2005 |work=Mahatma.com |publisher=Worldview.com |accessdate=27 January 2012}}
4. ^1 {{cite news|title=The Previous Fasts|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LLw-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=JEwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4995,4559107&dq=|accessdate=27 January 2012|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=4 March 1943}}
5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.ro/books?id=jSXgQYRxfmkC&pg=PA315|title=Betrayal of Gandhi|author=O.P. Dhiman|ISBN=978-81-78-35-746-1}}
6. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/1002.html|title=Mohandas K. Gandhi: The Indian Leader at Home and Abroad|publisher=New York Times|date=31 January 1948|accessdate=30 December 2013}}
7. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.ro/books?id=FauJL7LKXmkC&pg=PA361#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Gandhi: The Man, His People, and the Empire|author=Rajmohan Gandhi|page=361|ISBN=978-0-520-25570-8}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article68544508|title=Rajkot dispute settled - Gandhi breaks his fast|publisher=The Advocate|date=8 March 1939}}
9. ^{{spectrum book page no. 380 ,line no 17url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_anna-a-man-of-stamina-his-longest-fast-lasted-12-days_1579090|accessdate=27 January 2012|newspaper=Daily News and Analysis|date=24 August 2011}}
10. ^{{cite news|title=Gandhiji Breaks Fast|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LLw-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=JEwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2180,4555643|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=4 March 1943|accessdate=30 December 2013}}
11. ^https://thewire.in/communalism/the-day-gandhi-began-his-last-fast

139 fast days total.

External links

  • List of fasts done by Mahatma Gandhi
{{Mohandas K. Gandhi|state=collapsed}}

4 : Mahatma Gandhi|Protests in British India|Protests in India|Hunger strikes
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