- Notes
- References
- See also
- External links
{{Short description|Standard and alternative genetic codes}}{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2013}}While there is a lot of commonality, different parts of the tree of life use slightly different genetic codes.[1][2] Notably the mitochondrial codes vary. When translating from genome to protein, the use of the correct genetic code is essential. - Translation table 1: The standard code
- Translation table 2: The vertebrate mitochondrial code
- Translation table 3: The yeast mitochondrial code
- Translation table 4: The mold, protozoan, and coelenterate mitochondrial code and the mycoplasma/spiroplasma code
- Translation table 5: The invertebrate mitochondrial code
- Translation table 6: The ciliate, dasycladacean and hexamita nuclear code
- Translation table 7: The kinetoplast code ; cf. table 4.
- Translation table 8: cf. table 1.
- Translation table 9: The echinoderm and flatworm mitochondrial code
- Translation table 10: The euplotid nuclear code
- Translation table 11: The bacterial, archaeal and plant plastid code
- Translation table 12: The alternative yeast nuclear code
- Translation table 13: The ascidian mitochondrial code
- Translation table 14: The alternative flatworm mitochondrial code
- Translation table 15: The Blepharisma nuclear code[3][4]
- Translation table 16: The chlorophycean mitochondrial code
- Translation table 21: The trematode mitochondrial code
- Translation table 22: The Scenedesmus obliquus mitochondrial code
- Translation table 23: The Thraustochytrium mitochondrial code
- Translation table 24: The Pterobranchia mitochondrial code
- Translation table 25: The candidate division SR1 and gracilibacteria code
- Translation table 26: The Pachysolen tannophilus nuclear code
- Translation table 27: The karyorelict nuclear code
- Translation table 28: The Condylostoma nuclear code
- Translation table 29: The Mesodinium nuclear code
- Translation table 30: The peritrich nuclear code
- Translation table 31: The Blastocrithidia nuclear code
- Translation table 33: The Cephalodiscidae mitochondrial code
The alternative translation tables (2 to 33) involve codon reassignments that are recapitulated in the list of all known alternative codons. NotesThree translation tables have a peculiar status: - Table 7 is now merged into translation table 4.
- Table 8 is merged to table 1; all plant chloroplast differences due to RNA edit.
- Table 15 is deleted in the source but included here for completeness.
Other mechanisms also play a part in protein biosynthesis, such as post-transcriptional modification. References1. ^{{cite web|last=Elzanowski|first=Andrzej|title=The Genetic Codes|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/taxonomyhome.html/index.cgi?chapter=cgencodes|publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information|accessdate=6 May 2013|author2=Jim Ostell |date=7 July 2010}}
2. ^{{cite journal|last1=Watanabe|first1=Kimitsuna|last2=Suzuki|first2=Tsutomu|title=Genetic Code and its Variants|year=2001|doi=10.1038/npg.els.0000810}}
3. ^https://web.archive.org/web/20090125080454/http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/taxonomyhome.html/index.cgi?chapter=cgencodes#SG15
4. ^http://www.bioinformatics.org/jambw/2/3/TranslationTables.html
See also - Genetic codes: list of alternative codons
External links- {{Cite journal|work=BMC Evol Biol|volume=10|issue=178|date=14 June 2010|doi= 10.1186/1471-2148-10-178|pmc=2909233|title=Comparison of translation loads for standard and alternative genetic codes|author1=Stefanie Gabriele Sammet |author2=Ugo Bastolla |author3=Markus Porto |last-author-amp=yes |pmid=20546599}}
- {{Cite journal|url=http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762007000600016|work=Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz|volume=102 |issue=6|location= Rio de Janeiro |date=31 July 2007|title=Effects of Trypanosoma brucei tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetases silencing by RNA interference |authors=Liliana Torcoroma García; Ney Ribeiro Leite; Juan D Alfonzo; Otavio Henrique Thiemann,}}
2 : Genetics|Gene expression |