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词条 List of geological groups of Great Britain
释义

  1. Supergroups

  2. Subgroups

  3. References

This is a sortable list of the groups into which the rock succession of Great Britain and surrounding seas is formally divided. Rock sequences are described by geologists by dividing them hierarchically thus: individual 'beds' of rock (or in the case of certain volcanic rocks, 'flows') are grouped into 'members', members are grouped into 'formations', formations into 'groups' and groups occasionally into 'supergroups'. Some groups are also subdivided into 'subgroups'. Not all of these hierarchical layers are necessarily present or defined within a particular rock succession. Many of these groups will be encountered as 'series' in older geological literature or indeed simply as the proper name e.g. 'Dalradian' or 'Millstone Grit' though care needs to be exercised as many of the names have or have had other meanings which may not coincide with the assemblage of rocks referred to formally through designation as a 'group'.

Note that with all such stratigraphical terms as 'groups', 'formations' and 'members' it is standard practice to capitalise both the proper name and the 'term-word' as per the recommendation of the International Commission on Stratigraphy e.g. Wentnor Group and not Wentnor group.[1]

Notes:

Column 1 indicates the name of the geological group. Those marked with an asterisk are no longer formally recognised but are included as they occur widely in literature.

Column 2 indicates during which geological period the rocks of each group were deposited. Note that where more than one period is indicated deposition stretched across the period boundary in at least a part of the group's geographical extent but not necessarily across the whole of its extent.

Column 3 permits sorting by period in chronological order ie Quaternary Period is 01; Neogene,03; Palaeogene,05; Cretaceous,07; Jurassic,09 Triassic,11; Permian,13; Carboniferous,15; Devonian,17; Silurian,19; Ordovician,21; Cambrian,23; Ediacaran,25; Cryogenian,27; Tonian,29; Stenian, 31; and Ectasian, 33 - the last five being some of the periods into which the Proterozoic Eon is divided.

Column 4 indicates in which of the three nations of Great Britain, the group is known to occur, followed by which of the surrounding sea areas (if any), including specifically: Atlantic Ocean, Celtic Sea, English Channel, Irish Sea, North Sea. (At present, for the purposes of this table 'Celtic Sea' also includes the Bristol Channel whilst 'Atlantic Ocean' includes all sea areas off the west coast of Scotland.) Note that the Isle of Man is not a part of Great Britain but is included here for convenience.

Group Period Period sequence Country/sea area
Aberystwyth Grits GroupSilurian19Wales
Albion Glacigenic GroupQuaternary01England, Scotland, Celtic Sea
Ancholme GroupJurassic09England
Appin GroupCryogenian27Scotland
Appleby GroupPermian13England, Scotland
Aran Volcanic GroupOrdovician21Wales
Arbuthnott Group*Devonian17Scotland
Arbuthnott-Garvock GroupDevonian17Scotland
Ardmillan GroupOrdovician21Scotland
Ardvreck GroupCambrian23Scotland
Arfon GroupEdiacaran25Wales
Argyll GroupEdiacaran25Scotland
Avon GroupCarboniferous15England, Wales
Aylesbeare Group*Triassic11England
Aylesbeare Mudstone GroupTriassic11England
Bacton GroupTriassic11North Sea
Badenoch GroupTonian29Scotland
Balcreuchan GroupCambrian/Ordovician22Scotland
Banks GroupJurassic09North Sea
Barr GroupOrdovician21Scotland
Barton GroupPalaeogene05England
Bathgate GroupCarboniferous15Scotland
Benton Volcanic GroupCryogenian27Wales
Bisat GroupCarboniferous15Irish Sea
Blackbrook GroupEdiacaran25England
Border GroupCarboniferous15England, Scotland
Borrowdale Volcanic GroupOrdovician21England
Bowland High GroupCarboniferous15England
Bracklesham GroupPalaeogene05England
Brand GroupCambrian23England
Brent GroupJurassic09North Sea
Britannia Catchments GroupPalaeogene/Neogene/Quaternary04England, Scotland, Wales, Irish Sea
British Coastal Deposits GroupQuaternary01England, Scotland, Wales, Irish Sea
Builth Volcanic GroupOrdovician21Wales
Caerbwdy GroupEdiacaran25Wales
Caerfai GroupCambrian23Wales
Caithness Flagstone GroupDevonian17Scotland
Caledonia Glacigenic GroupQuaternary01England, Scotland, Wales, Irish Sea
Cementstone Group*Silurian19Scotland
Chalk GroupCretaceous07England, Atlantic Ocean, North Sea
Clackmannan GroupCarboniferous15Scotland
Claerwen GroupSilurian19Wales
Clair GroupDevonian/Carboniferous16Atlantic
Clwyd Limestone GroupCarboniferous15Wales
Coniston GroupSilurian19England
Conybeare GroupCarboniferous15North Sea
Corallian GroupJurassic09England
Cosheston GroupDevonian17Wales
Crag GroupNeogene/Quaternary02England
Craven GroupCarboniferous15England, Isle of Man
Crawford GroupOrdovician21Scotland
Cromer Knoll GroupCretaceous07England, Scotland, Atlantic Ocean, North Sea
Cumbrian Coast GroupPermian13England, Scotland, Irish Sea
Cwmystwyth Grits GroupSilurian19Wales
Dalby GroupSilurian19Isle of Man
Dartmouth GroupDevonian17England
Dent GroupOrdovician21England
Drefach GroupOrdovician21Wales
Dungavel GroupSilurian19Scotland
Dunlin GroupJurassic09North Sea
Dunnottar-Crawton GroupSilurian/Devonian18Scotland
Dunrobin Bay GroupJurassic09North Sea
Dunwich GroupQuaternary01England
Durness GroupCambrian/Ordovician22Scotland
Eday GroupDevonian17Scotland
Eriboll Group[2]Cambrian23Scotland
Exeter GroupPermian13England
Exmoor GroupDevonian/Carboniferous16England
Eycott Group*Ordovician21England
Eycott Volcanic GroupOrdovician21England
Faroe GroupPalaeogene05Atlantic Ocean
Farne GroupCarboniferous15North Sea
Fishguard Volcanic GroupOrdovician21Wales
Fladen GroupJurassic09North Sea
Forres Sandstone GroupDevonian17Scotland
Gala GroupSilurian19Scotland
Garvock Group*Devonian17Scotland
Garwood GroupCarboniferous15Irish Sea
Girvan GroupSilurian19Scotland
Glenbuck GroupSilurian19Scotland
Glenfinnan GroupTonian29Scotland
Grampian GroupCryogenian27Scotland
Gray Sandstone GroupSilurian19Wales
Great Estuarine GroupJurassic09Scotland
Great Oolite GroupJurassic09England, English Channel
Great Scar Limestone GroupCarboniferous15England, Isle of Man
Gwna GroupEdiacaran/Cambrian24Wales
Hagshaw GroupSilurian19Scotland
Haisborough GroupTriassic11North Sea
Harlech Grits GroupCambrian23Wales
Hawick GroupSilurian19Scotland
Heron GroupTriassic11North Sea
Holsworthy GroupCarboniferous15England
Humber GroupJurassic/Cretaceous08Scotland, Atlantic Ocean, North Sea
Inferior Oolite GroupJurassic09England, Irish Sea, English Channel
Ingleton GroupOrdovician21England
Inner Hebrides GroupCretaceous07Scotland
Inverclyde GroupCarboniferous15Scotland
Inverness Sandstone GroupDevonian17Scotland
Kendal GroupSilurian19England
Kidston GroupCarboniferous15Irish Sea, Celtic Sea
Kyle GroupDevonian17North Sea
Lambeth GroupPalaeogene05England
Lanark GroupSilurian/Devonian18Scotland
Lias GroupTriassic/Jurassic10England, Wales, Celtic Sea, English Channel, Irish Sea, North Sea
Llanbedrog Volcanic GroupOrdovician21Wales
Llewelyn Volcanic GroupOrdovician21Wales
Loch Maree GroupPalaeoproterozoic33Scotland
Locheil GroupTonian29Scotland
Lower Greensand GroupCretaceous07England, English Channel
Lower Old Red GroupDevonian17North Sea
Lower Old Red Sandstone GroupSilurian/Devonian18England, Scotland, Wales
Manx GroupCambrian23Isle of Man
Maplewell GroupEdiacaran25England
Marros GroupCarboniferous15England, Wales
Mawddach GroupCambrian23Wales
Meadfoot GroupDevonian17England
Menevian GroupCambrian23Wales
Mercia Mudstone GroupTriassic11England, Scotland
Middle Old Red GroupDevonian17North Sea
Milford Haven GroupSilurian/Devonian18Wales
Millstone Grit GroupCarboniferous15England, Isle of Man
Moffat Shale GroupOrdovician/Silurian20Scotland
Monks Water GroupSilurian19Scotland
Montrose GroupPalaeogene05North Sea
Morar GroupStenian/Tonian30Scotland
Moray GroupPalaeogene05Atlantic Ocean, North Sea
Mull Lava GroupPalaeogene05Scotland
Nordland GroupNeogene/Quaternary02Atlantic Ocean, North Sea
North Esk GroupSilurian19Scotland
Ogofgolchfa GroupEdiacaran25Wales
Papa GroupTriassic11Atlantic Ocean
Peak Limestone GroupCarboniferous15England
Peel Sandstone GroupDevonian17Isle of Man
Pembroke Limestone GroupCarboniferous15England, Wales
Penarth GroupTriassic/Jurassic10England, Wales, Scotland, Irish Sea, English Channel, North Sea
Pennine Coal Measures GroupCarboniferous15England, Isle of Man, Scotland, Wales
Penrhiw GroupCryogenian/Ediacaran26Wales
Portland GroupJurassic09England, English Channel
Priesthill GroupSilurian19Scotland
Purbeck GroupJurassic/Cretaceous08England, English Channel
Ramsey Sound GroupEdiacaran25Wales
Ravenscar GroupJurassic09England
Ravenstonedale GroupCarboniferous15England, Isle of Man
Red Marl GroupSilurian/Devonian18England, Wales
Residual Deposits GroupPalaeogene/Neogene/Quaternary03England
Reston GroupSilurian/Devonian18England, Scotland
Rhosson GroupEdiacaran25Wales
Redbourne Group*Jurassic09England, Irish Sea, English Channel
Rhynie GroupDevonian17Scotland
Riccarton GroupSilurian19Scotland
Roch Rhyolitic Group*Ordovician21Wales
Rotliegendes GroupPermian13England, North Sea
Sarclet GroupDevonian17Scotland
Scottish Coal Measures GroupCarboniferous15Scotland
Selborne GroupCretaceous07England, English Channel
Sherwood Sandstone GroupPermian/Triassic12England, Scotland
Shetland GroupCretaceous/Palaeogene06Atlantic Ocean, North Sea
Skerry GroupJurassic09Atlantic Ocean
Skiddaw GroupOrdovician21England
Skiddaw Slates Group*Ordovician21England
Skrinkle Sandstones GroupDevonian17Wales
Skye Lava GroupPalaeogene05Scotland
Sleat GroupStenian31Scotland
Snowdon Volcanic GroupOrdovician21Wales
Solent GroupPalaeogene05England
Solva GroupCambrian23Wales
South Wales Coal Measures GroupCarboniferous15Wales
Southern Highland GroupEdiacaran/Cambrian24Scotland
Stewartry GroupPermian13Scotland
Stirling Group*Silurian19Scotland
Stockdale GroupSilurian19England
Stockingford Shale GroupCambrian23England
Stoer GroupEctasian/Stenian32Scotland
Stonehaven GroupSilurian19Scotland
Strathclyde GroupCarboniferous15Scotland
Stratheden GroupDevonian17Scotland
Strathmore GroupDevonian17Scotland
Stretton GroupEdiacaran25England
Stronsay GroupPalaeogene05Scotland, Atlantic Ocean, North Sea
Sutherland GroupJurassic09Scotland
Tamar GroupDevonian17England
Tappins GroupOrdovician21Scotland
Tarskavaig GroupStenian31Scotland
Teign Valley GroupCarboniferous15England
Thames GroupPalaeogene05England, English Channel
Torridon GroupStenian/Tonian30Scotland
Tranearth GroupSilurian19England
Trawden Limestone GroupCarboniferous15England
Treffynnon GroupEdiacaran/Cambrian24Wales
Treginnis GroupCryogenian/Ediacaran26Wales
Treglemais GroupCryogenian/Ediacaran26Wales
Unst Phyllite GroupOrdovician/Silurian20Scotland
Upper Old Red GroupCarboniferous15North Sea
Upper Old Red Sandstone GroupDevonian/Carboniferous16England, Scotland, Wales, North Sea
Uriconian GroupEdiacaran25England
Warwickshire GroupCarboniferous/Permian14England, Scotland, Wales
Waterhead GroupSilurian19Scotland
Wealden GroupCretaceous07England, English Channel
Wentnor GroupEdiacaran25England
West Sole GroupJurassic09North Sea
Westray GroupPalaeogene/Neogene04Scotland, North Sea
Whitehurst GroupCarboniferous15
Yesnaby Sandstone GroupDevonian17Scotland
Yoredale GroupCarboniferous15England, Scotland
Zechstein GroupPermian13England, Atlantic, North Sea

Supergroups

The following 'supergroups', i.e. assemblages of 'groups', are recognised:

  • Carboniferous Limestone Supergroup
  • Culm Supergroup
  • Dalradian Supergroup
  • Great Britain Superficial Deposits Supergroup
  • Leadhills Supergroup
  • Longmyndian Supergroup
  • Moine Supergroup
  • New Red Sandstone Supergroup
  • Old Red Sandstone Supergroup
  • Pebidian Supergroup
  • Windermere Supergroup

Subgroups

The following 'subgroups', i.e. subdivisions of 'groups', have been named:[3][4]

Albion Glacigenic Group:

  • Shetland Glacigenic (Albion) Subgroup
  • Western Isles (Albion) Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Northwest Highlands (Albion) Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Banffshire Coast and Caithness (Albion) Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Inverness (Albion) Glacigenic Subgroup
  • East Grampian (Albion) Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Logie-Buchan (Albion) Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Central Grampian (Albion) Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Mearns (Albion) Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Midland Valley (Albion) Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Borders (Albion) Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Southern Uplands (Albion) Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Irish Sea Coast (Albion) Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Manx (Albion) Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Central Cumbria (Albion) Glacigenic Subgroup
  • North Pennine (Albion) Glacigenic Subgroup
  • North Sea Coast (Albion) Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Wales (Albion) Glacigenic Subgroup

Appin Group:

  • Blair Atholl Subgroup
  • Ballachulish Subgroup
  • Lochaber Subgroup

Ardmillan Group:

  • Ardwell Subgroup
  • Drummuck Subgroup
  • Whitehouse Subgroup

Argyll Group:

  • Tayvallich Subgroup
  • Crinan Subgroup
  • Easdale Subgroup
  • Islay Subgroup

Badenoch Group:

  • Dava Subgroup
  • Glen Banchor Subgroup

Britannia Catchments Group:

  • Northern Highlands and Argyll Catchments Subgroup
  • Grampian Catchments Subgroup
  • Tay Catchments Subgroup
  • Forth Catchments Subgroup
  • Clyde Catchments Subgroup
  • Tweed Catchments Subgroup
  • Solway Catchments Subgroup
  • Northumbria Catchments Subgroup
  • Isle of Man Catchments Subgroup
  • Cheshire-North Wales Catchments Subgroup
  • Yorkshire Catchments Subgroup
  • Trent Catchments Subgroup
  • Severn and Avon Catchments Subgroup
  • West Wales Catchments Subgroup
  • Ouse-Nene Catchments Subgroup
  • Yare Catchments Subgroup
  • Somerset Catchments Subgroup
  • Thames Catchments Subgroup
  • Suffolk Catchments Subgroup
  • Cornubian Catchments Subgroup
  • Solent Catchments Subgroup
  • Sussex Catchments Subgroup
  • South Kent Catchments Subgroup
Grampian Group
  • Glen Spean Subgroup
  • Corrieyairack Subgroup
  • Glenshirra Subgroup

Caledonia Glacigenic Group:

  • Shetland Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Western Isles Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Northwest Highlands Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Banffshire Coast and Caithness Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Inverness Glacigenic Subgroup
  • East Grampian Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Logie-Buchan Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Central Grampian Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Mearns Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Midland Valley Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Borders Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Southern Uplands Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Irish Sea Coast Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Manx Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Central Cumbria Glacigenic Subgroup
  • North Pennine Glacigenic Subgroup
  • North Sea Coast Glacigenic Subgroup
  • Wales Glacigenic Subgroup

Lower Old Red Sandstone Group:

  • Brecon Subgroup
  • Cosheston Subgroup
  • Ditton Subgroup
  • Downton Subgroup
  • Milford Haven Subgroup

Pembroke Limestone Group:

  • Blackrock Limestone Subgroup
  • Clydach valley Subgroup
Ogwen Group
  • Nant Ffrancon Subgroup

References

  • Searchable database of British rock names on BGS website
  • Waters et al. 2007. Stratigraphical Chart of the United Kingdom: Southern Britain British Geological Survey (poster) {{ISBN|978-0-7518-3561-8}}
  • Waters et al. 2007. Stratigraphical Chart of the United Kingdom: Northern Britain British Geological Survey (poster) {{ISBN|978-0-7518-3562-5}}
1. ^Definitions and procedures, section 4i
2. ^Trewin, N.H. (ed) 2002 The Geology of Scotland, The Geological Society, London p72/3
3. ^Appin, Argyll & Grampian subgroups after Trewin, N.H. (ed) 2002 The Geology of Scotland, The Geological Society, London p97
4. ^Britannia catchments, Albion Glacigenic and Caledonia Glacigenic listings from: MCMILLAN, A A, HAMBLIN, R J O, and MERRITT, J W. 2005. An overview of the lithostratigraphical framework for the Quaternary and Neogene deposits of Great Britain (Onshore). British Geological Survey Research Report RR/04/04 38pp. {{ISBN|0 85272 516 7}}

6 : Geology of England|Geology of Scotland|Geology of Wales|Stratigraphy of the United Kingdom|Geological groups|United Kingdom geology-related lists

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