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词条 List of heads of state of South Africa
释义

  1. Monarchs (1910–1961)

     Governor-General 

  2. Ceremonial State President of South Africa (1961–1984)

  3. Executive State President of South Africa (1984–1994)

  4. President of South Africa (1994–present)

  5. Standards

  6. Living former heads of state

  7. References

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}{{Use South African English|date=August 2015}}{{Politics of South Africa}}

This is a list of the heads of state of South Africa, from the foundation of the Union of South Africa in 1910 to the present day.

From 1910 to 1961 the head of state under the South Africa Act 1909 was the Monarch, who was the same person as the Monarch of the United Kingdom and of the other Dominions/Commonwealth realms. The Monarch was represented in South Africa by a Governor-General. South Africa became a republic under the Constitution of 1961 and the Monarch and Governor-General were replaced by a ceremonial State President. In 1984, under the Tricameral Constitution, the State President gained executive powers, becoming head of both state and government. Since 1994, under the Interim Constitution and the current Constitution, the head of state and government has been called the President.

Monarchs (1910–1961)

The succession to the throne of South Africa was the same as the succession to the British throne. During the Abdication Crisis the South African parliament passed its own act, "His Majesty King Edward the Eighth's Abdication Act, 1937", to ratify the abdication of Edward VIII.

№Monarch
{{small|(Birth–Death)		PortraitReignRoyal HousePrime Minister
Reign startReign end
1George V
{{small>(1865–1936)}}		31 May}} 191020 January}} 1936{{small>(until 17 July 1917)}}
Windsor
{{small|(since 17 July 1917)}}		 Botha
Smuts
Hertzog
2Edward VIII
{{small>(1894–1972)}}		20 January}} 193611 December}} 1936
{{small|(abdicated.)}}		 Windsor Hertzog
3George VI
{{small>(1895–1952)}}		11 December}} 19366 February}} 1952 Windsor Hertzog
Smuts
Malan
4Elizabeth II
{{small>(1926–)}}		6 February}} 195231 May}} 1961 Windsor Malan
Strijdom
Verwoerd

Governor-General

The Governor-General was the representative of the monarch in South Africa and exercised most of the powers of the monarch. The Governor-General was appointed for an indefinite term, serving at the pleasure of the monarch. After the passage of the Statute of Westminster 1931 and the Status of the Union Act, 1934, the Governor-General was appointed solely on the advice of the Cabinet of South Africa without the involvement of the British government. In the event of a vacancy the Chief Justice served as Officer Administering the Government.

Status
{{legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes Chief Justice acting as Officer Administering the Government}}
№Governor-General
{{small|(Birth–Death)		PortraitTenureMonarchPrime Minister
Took officeLeft office
1{{small>(1854–1930)31 May}} 19108 September}} 1914 George V Botha
2
{{small>(1853–1934)		8 September}} 191417 November}} 1920 George V Botha
Smuts
3{{small>(1883–1938)17 November}} 192021 January}} 1924 George V Smuts
4{{small>(1874–1957)21 January}} 192426 January}} 1931 George V Smuts
Hertzog
5{{small>(1877–1955)26 January}} 19315 April}} 1937 George V
Edward VIII
George VI		 Hertzog
6{{small>(1870–1943)5 April}} 193717 July}} 1943
{{small|(died in office.)}}		 George VI Hertzog
Smuts
–Nicolaas Jacobus de Wet
{{small>(1873–1960)}}		17 July}} 19431 January}} 1946 George VI Smuts
7{{small>(1873–1956)1 January}} 19461 January}} 1951 George VI Smuts
Malan
8{{small>(1881–1959)1 January}} 195125 November}} 1959
{{small|(died in office.)}}		 George VI
Elizabeth II		 Malan
Strijdom
Verwoerd
–Lucas Cornelius Steyn
{{small>(1903–1976)}}		25 November}} 195911 December}} 1959 Elizabeth II Verwoerd
9{{small>(1894–1982)11 December}} 195930 April}} 1961
(resigned.)		 Elizabeth II Verwoerd
–Lucas Cornelius Steyn
{{small>(1903–1976)}}		30 April}} 196131 May}} 1961 Elizabeth II Verwoerd

Ceremonial State President of South Africa (1961–1984)

Under the 1961 Constitution, the first constitution of the Republic of South Africa, the State President replaced the Monarch as ceremonial head of state. The State President was elected by Parliament for a seven-year term. In the event of a vacancy the President of the Senate served as Acting State President.

Status
{{legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes President of the Senate acting as State President}}
№State President
{{small|(Birth–Death)		PortraitTenureElectedPolitical affiliation
(at time of appointment)		Prime Minister
Took officeLeft office
1{{small>(1894–1982)31 May}} 19611 June}} 1967
{{small|(resigned.)}}		 – National Party Verwoerd
Vorster
–Eben Dönges
{{small>(1898–1968)}}		Elected but did not take office because of illness National Party
–Jozua François Naudé
{{small>(1889–1969)}}		1 June}} 196710 April}} 1968 – National Party Vorster
2{{small>(1898–1980)10 April}} 19689 April}} 1975 – National Party Vorster
–Johannes de Klerk
{{small>(1903–1979)}}		9 April}} 197519 April}} 1975 – National Party Vorster
3{{small>(1903–1978)19 April}} 197521 August}} 1978
{{small|(died in office.)}}		 – National Party Vorster
–Marais Viljoen
{{small>(1915–2007)}}		21 August}} 197810 October}} 1978 – National Party Vorster
Botha
4{{small>(1915–1983)10 October}} 19784 June}} 1979
{{small|(resigned.)}}		 – National Party Botha
5Marais Viljoen
{{small|(1915–2007)		{{nowrap|4 June}} 1979{{nowrap|19 June}} 1979–National PartyBotha
19 June}} 19793 September}} 1984

Executive State President of South Africa (1984–1994)

Under the 1983 Constitution the State President was head of both state and government. The State President was elected by an electoral college chosen by Parliament and served until the next general election, but was eligible for re-election. In the event of a vacancy the Cabinet would nominate a member to serve as Acting State President.

Status
{{legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes Acting State President}}
№State President
{{small|(Birth–Death)		PortraitTenureElectedPolitical affiliation
(at time of appointment)
Took officeLeft office
1[1]P. W. Botha
{{small|(1916–2006)		{{nowrap|3 September}} 1984{{nowrap|14 September}} 19841987National Party
14 September}} 198415 August}} 1989
{{small|(resigned.)}}
2F. W. de Klerk
{{small|(1936–)		{{nowrap|15 August}} 1989{{nowrap|20 September}} 19891989National Party
20 September}} 198910 May}} 1994

President of South Africa (1994–present)

Under the Interim Constitution and the current Constitution the President is head of both state and government. The President is elected by the National Assembly and serves a term that expires at the next general election; a President may serve a maximum of two terms. In the event of a vacancy the Deputy President serves as Acting President.

{{legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes Acting President}}
№President
{{small|(Birth–Death)		PortraitTenureElectedPolitical affiliation
(at time of appointment)
Took officeLeft office
1{{small>(1918–2013)10 May}} 199416 June}} 1999 1994 African National Congress
2{{small>(1942–)16 June}} 199924 September}} 2008
{{small|(resigned.)}}		 1999
2004		 African National Congress
– [2]Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri
{{small>(1937–2009)}}		{{nowrap|25 September}} 2008[3] – African National Congress
3{{small>(1949–)25 September}} 20089 May}} 2009 2008 African National Congress
4{{small>(1942–)9 May}} 200914 February 2018}}
{{small|(resigned.)}}		 2009
2014		 African National Congress
5Cyril Ramaphosa
{{small|(1952–)		{{nowrap|14 February}} 2018{{nowrap|15 February}} 20182018African National Congress
15 February}} 2018 Incumbent

Standards

Living former heads of state

There are five living former South African Heads of State:

Image Name Term/Reign Office Date of birth
Elizabeth II 1952–1961 Queen of South Africa1926|04|21|df=y}}
F. W. de Klerk 1989–1994 State President of South Africa1936|03|18|df=y}}
Thabo Mbeki 1999–2008 President of South Africa1942|06|18|df=y}}
Kgalema Motlanthe 2008–2009 President of South Africa1949|07|19|df=y}}
Jacob Zuma 2009–2018 President of South Africa1942|04|12|df=y}}

References

1. ^Chris Heunis was Acting State President from 19 January 1989 – 15 March 1989
2. ^Matsepe-Casaburri was Minister of Communications not Deputy President
3. ^{{Cite news |first=Frank|last=Chikane|title=Emotional farewell as Mbeki holds last cabinet meeting|url=http://www.nation.co.ke/News/politics/Emotional+farewell+as+Mbeki+holds+last+cabinet+meeting+/-/1064/1395972/-/9cwuw2/-/index.html|work=Daily Nation|date=2012-04-28|accessdate=2016-08-26}}
* World Statesmen – South Africa
  • Rulers.org – South Africa
{{Heads of State of South Africa}}

4 : Government of South Africa|Lists of political office-holders in South Africa|Presidents of South Africa|Lists of heads of state
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