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词条 List of highest railways in Europe
释义

  1. List

  2. See also

  3. References

This is a list of highest passenger railways in operation in Europe. It only includes non-cable railways[2] whose culminating point is over 1,000 metres above sea level. Most of them are located in the Alps, where two railways, the Jungfrau and Gornergrat railways, exceed 3,000 metres. The Pyrenees, which come second in height, include several railways above 1,500 metres. Because of the harsh weather conditions that prevail at higher altitudes, some railways were built partially underground, notably the Jungfrau and Zugspitze railways (the climatic snow line lies at about 3,000 metres in the Alps and 2,000 metres in Scandinavia. The snow line is much lower in the winter. The tree line is a more important line, because when there are no trees the wind speed at ground level gets higher causing snow drift).

Lines that are both adhesion and standard gauge railways and part of the main European rail network are boldfaced in the list. Countries where the line is below 1,000 metres are indicated in small letters.

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List

RailwayCountryRangeHighest pointHighest elevationMaximum inclineGaugeRack railwayTypeNotes
JungfrauSwitzerland}} Alps Jungfraujoch3454|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 25% 1,000 mm Yes Dead-end rail Underground above 2,320 m, highest railway outside the Americas before the opening of the Qinghai Railway in 1984
GornergratSwitzerland}} Alps Gornergrat3090|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 20% 1,000 mm Yes Dead-end rail Highest open-air railway in Europe
ZugspitzeGermany}} Alps Schneefernerhaus2650|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 25% 1,000 mm Yes Dead-end rail1945|m|ft|abbr=on|0}})
Mont BlancFrance}} Alps Nid d'Aigle2372|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 24% 1,000 mm Yes Dead-end rail
BerninaSwitzerland}}/{{flag|Italy}} Alps Ospizio Bernina2253|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 7% 1,000 mm No Rail crossing1824|m|ft|abbr=on|0}}), highest point in Italy: 522 m
Brienz–RothornSwitzerland}} Alps Brienzer Rothorn2244|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 25%0800|800 mm}} Yes Dead-end rail Not electrified
RiffelalpSwitzerland}} Alps Riffelalp Resort2222|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 5%0800|800 mm}} No Dead-end rail Not electrified, highest tram line in Europe[3]
Furka Cogwheel Steam RailwaySwitzerland}} Alps Furka railway station2163|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 11.8% 1,000 mm Yes Rail crossing Not electrified, seasonal operations
Pilatus RailwaySwitzerland}} Alps Pilatus2073|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 48%0800|800 mm}} Yes Dead-end rail Steepest railway in the world[4]
Lauterbrunnen–Kleine Scheidegg–GrindelwaldSwitzerland}} Alps Kleine Scheidegg2061|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 25%0800|800 mm}} Yes Rail crossing
Andermatt–ChurSwitzerland}} Alps Oberalp Pass2043|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 11% 1,000 mm Yes Rail crossing
Montreux–Glion–Rochers-de-NayeSwitzerland}} Alps Rochers de Naye1968|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 22%0800|800 mm}} Yes Dead-end rail
Schynige PlatteSwitzerland}} Alps Schynige Platte1967|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 25%0800|800 mm}} Yes Dead-end rail
Vall de NúriaSpain}} Pyrenees Núria1964|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 15% 1,000 mm Yes Dead-end rail Highest railway in Europe outside the Alps
ArtousteFrance}} Pyrenees Station d'Artouste1940|m|ft|abbr=on|0}}0500|500 mm}} No Dead-end rail Accessible only by cable car
MontenversFrance}} Alps Hotel du Montenvers1913|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 22%0800|800 mm}} Yes Dead-end rail
Les Montuires–EmossonSwitzerland}} Alps Les Montuires1822|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1.46%0600|600 mm}} No Dead-end rail Part of the Parc d'attractions du Châtelard[5]
AlbulaSwitzerland}} Alps Albula Tunnel1820|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 3.5% 1,000 mm No Rail crossing
Cercedilla-CotosSpain}} Central System Cotos Railway station1818|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,000 mm No Dead-end rail Highest railway operated by RENFE
Bex–Villars–BretayeSwitzerland}} Alps Bretaye1806|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 20% 1,000 mm Yes Dead-end rail
SchneebergAustria}} Alps Schneeberg1792|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 19.6% 1,000 mm Yes Dead-end rail
Pontresina–Scuol-TaraspSwitzerland}} Alps Pontresina1774|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 2.5% 1,000 mm No Dead-end rail Lowest point at the terminus station (Scuol-Tarasp)
RigiSwitzerland}} Alps Rigi Kulm1752|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 25% 1,435 mm Yes Rail crossing at Rigi Staffel, dead-end rail to the summit Oldest mountain rack railway in Europe
Chur–ArosaSwitzerland}} Alps Arosa1739|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 6% 1,000 mm No Dead-end rail
SchafbergAustria}} Alps Schafberg1732|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 25.5% 1,000 mm Yes Dead-end rail
WendelsteinGermany}} Alps Wendelstein1723|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 23.7% 1,000 mm Yes Dead-end rail
Borjomi-BakurianiGeorgia}} Lesser Caucasus Bakuriani1650|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 900 mm No Dead-end railHighest railway in Transcaucasia, Opened in 1902
Grütschalp–MürrenSwitzerland}} Alps Mürren1639|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 5% 1,000 mm No Dead-end rail Accessible only by cable car
Landquart–Klosters–DavosSwitzerland}} Alps Davos Wolfgang1625|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 4.5% 1,000 mm No Rail crossing
Visp–ZermattSwitzerland}} Alps Zermatt1605|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 12.5% 1,000 mm Yes Dead-end rail
Monte GenerosoSwitzerland}} Alps Generoso Vetta1601|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 22%0800|800 mm}} Yes Dead-end rail
CerdagneFrance}} Pyrenees Bolquère-Eyne1592|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 6% 1,000 mm No Rail crossing
Portet-Saint-Simon–PuigcerdàFrance}}/{{flag|Spain}} Pyrenees Porté-Puymorens1562|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 4% 1,435 mm No Rail crossing Highest adhesion and standard gauge railway in Europe
Brig–AndermattSwitzerland}} Alps Realp1538|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,000 mm Yes Rail crossing
Ripoll-PuigcerdàSpain}} Pyrenees Toses tunnel1494|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,668 mm No Rail crossing Highest adhesion and Iberian gauge Railway in Spain
Aigle–LeysinSwitzerland}} Alps Leysin Grand Hôtel1450|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 23% 1,000 mm Yes Dead-end rail
Göschenen–AndermattSwitzerland}} Alps Andermatt1436|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 17.9% 1,000 mm Yes Rail crossing
Panoramique des DômesFrance}} Massif Central Puy de Dôme1406|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 20% 1,000 mm Yes Dead-end rail
Mont-Blanc ExpressFrance}}/{{flag|Switzerland}} Alps Vallorcine1384|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 90 ‰ 1,000 mm No Rail crossing Operated by the Martigny–Châtelard and Saint-Gervais–Vallorcine railways
BrennerAustria}}/{{flag|Italy}} Alps Brenner1371|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 2.5% 1,435 mm No Rail crossing
Vevey–Les PléiadesSwitzerland}} Alps Les Pléiades1360|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 20% 1,000 mm Yes Dead-end rail
Madrid-HendayeSpain}}/{{flag|France}} Central System Herradón-La Cañada Railway station[6]1360|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,668 mm No Rail crossing
TatraSlovakia}} Tatra Mountains Štrbské Pleso1350|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 15% 1,000 mm Yes Rail crossing
FréjusItaly}}/{{flag|France}} Alps Fréjus Tunnel1338|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 3% 1,435 mm No Rail crossing
ArlbergAustria}} Alps Arlberg Tunnel1311|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 3.1% 1,435 mm No Rail crossing
Villalba-SegoviaSpain}} Central System Gudillos tunnel1300|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,668 mm No Rail crossing
Montreux-Oberland BernoisSwitzerland}} Alps Saanenmöser Pass1279|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 7% 1,000 mm No Rail crossing
León-GijónSpain}} Cantabrian Mountains La Perruca tunnel1278|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,668 mm No Rail crossing
Sulmona-Isernia[7]Italy}} Apennines Rivisondoli-Pescocostanzo1268|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,435 mm No Rail crossing
Septemvri-DobrinishteBulgaria}} Between Rhodope and Rila Mountains Avramovo1267|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 3.2% 760 mm No Rail crossing Highest railway in the Balkan Peninsula
RittenItaly}} Alps Rappersbichl1255|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,000 mm No Dead-end rail Accessible by cable car
LötschbergSwitzerland}} Alps Lötschberg Tunnel1240|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 2.7% 1,435 mm No Rail crossing Highest adhesion and standard gauge railway in Switzerland
BergenNorway}} Scandinavian Mountains Finse Tunnel1237|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,435 mm No Rail crossing Highest railway in Scandinavia
Nyon–St-Cergue–La CureSwitzerland}} Jura Mountains Col de la Givrine1228|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 6% 1,000 mm No Dead-end rail Highest railway in the Jura Mountains
TauernAustria}} Alps Tauern Tunnel1226|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 3% 1,435 mm No Rail crossing
Sagunto-ZaragozaSpain}} Iberian System Puerto Escandón railway station1218|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,668 mm No Rail crossing
Madrid-Barcelona high-speed rail lineSpain}} Iberian System Somewhere between Layna and Arbujuelo during the brief pass of the line through Castile and Leon1217|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,435 mm No Rail crossing Highest high-speed rail line in Spain.

Higuest adhesion and standard gauge railway in Spain.

Name of the location of the highest point (if it has any) needs to be confirmed by reliable sources. If the location of the highest point hadn't a specific name, the kilometer point on which is located could be an alternative.

Monastier La Bastide-Saint-Laurent-les-BainsFrance}} Massif Central Allenc1215|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 27 ‰ 1,435 mm No Rail crossing
ErzbergAustria}} Alps Präbichl1204|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 7.1% 1,435 mm No Rail crossing
Veynes–BriançonFrance}} Alps Briançon1203|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 2.5% 1,435 mm No Dead-end rail
Madrid-Valladolid high-speed rail lineSpain}} Central System Guadarrama Tunnel1200|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,435 mm No Rail crossing High-speed rail line
Canfranc RailwaySpain}} Pyrenees Canfranc International Railway Station[8]1194|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,668 mm No Dead end rail

(see remarks)

 A former rail crossing between Spain and France. Nowadays rail traffic on the Spanish side ends at Canfranc International Railway Station.
La Robla RailwaySpain}} Cantabrian Mountains Alto del Cristo del Amparo1192|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,668 mm No Rail crossing
Lyon-Perrache - Marseille-Saint-CharlesFrance}} Alps Col de la Croix Haute1174|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 25 ‰ 1,435 mm No Rail Crossing
Torralba-Soria[9]Spain}} Iberian System Miño de Medinaceli Railway Station1162|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,668 mm No Rail crossing Not electrified
Aigle–Sépey–DiableretsSwitzerland}} Alps Les Diablerets1155|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 6% 1,000 mm No Dead-end rail
Figeac - ArvantFrance}} Massif Central Le Lioran1151|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,435 mm No Rail crossing
GotthardSwitzerland}} Alps Gotthard Tunnel1151|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 2.7% 1,435 mm No Rail crossing
Aranjuez-ValenciaSpain}} Sierra de los Palancares Los Palancares Railway station? Approximately:{{convert|1132|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,668 mm No Rail crossing Highest point and its altitude need to be confirmed with reliable sources.
Salamanca-ÁvilaSpain}} Central System Ávila Railway Station[10]1132|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,668 mm No End rail

(see remarks)

 Not electrified

The line ends in Ávila but trains can continue (and most of them continue) to Madrid using the Madrid-Hendaye line.

Brocken RailwayGermany}} Harz Brocken1125|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 3.3% 1,000 mm No Dead-end rail Not electrified
La Chaux-de-Fonds–Ponts-de-MartelSwitzerland}} Jura Mountains Above L'Abbaye1120|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,000 mm No Dead-end rail
AusserfernAustria}}/{{flag|Germany}} Alps Lähn1106|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 3.75% 1,435 mm No Rail crossing
Zamora-A CoruñaSpain}} Galician Massif Approximately:{{convert|1100|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,668 mm No Rail crossing Higuest point and exact altitude need to be confirmed with reliable sources.

Part of the line, including the highest parts, isn't electrified.

León-A CoruñaSpain}} Montes de León Brañuelas Tunnel Approximately:{{convert|1100|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,668 mm No Rail crossing Exact altitude needs to be confirmed with reliable sources.
Madrid-BarcelonaSpain}} Iberian System Approximately:{{convert|1080|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,668 mm No Rail crossing Higuest point and exact altitude needs to be confirmed with reliable sources.
La Chaux-de-Fonds–Le Noirmont–GlovelierSwitzerland}} Jura Mountains Hotel de Bellevue1071|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,000 mm No Rail crossing
Yverdon–Ste-CroixSwitzerland}} Jura Mountains Sainte-Croix1066|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 4.4% 1,000 mm No Dead-end rail
SnowdonUnited Kingdom}} Snowdonia Snowdon1065|m|ft|abbr=on|0}}0800|800 mm}} Yes Dead-end rail Highest railway in the British Isles
Béziers - NeussarguesFrance}} Massif Central Les Monts-Verts1056|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 33,5 ‰ 1,435 mm No Rail Crossing
Ploiești–BrașovRomania}} Carpathian Mountains Predeal1054|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,435 mm No Rail crossing
Vallorbe–Le BrassusSwitzerland}} Jura Mountains Le Lieu1050|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 2.3% 1,435 mm No Dead-end rail
Laqueuille - Mont-DoreFrance}} Massif Central Mont-Dore1050|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 35 ‰ 1,435 mm No Dead-end rail
Neuchâtel–La Chaux-de-Fonds–Col-des-Roches[11]Switzerland}} Jura Mountains Les Convers1048|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 3.1% 1,435 mm No Rail crossing
Monthey–ChampérySwitzerland}} Alps Champéry (north station)1044|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 13.5% 1,000 mm Yes Dead-end rail
TendaItaly}}/{{flag|France}} Alps Tenda Tunnel1040|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,435 mm No Rail crossing
Interlaken–GrindelwaldSwitzerland}} Alps Grindelwald1034|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 12% 1,000 mm Yes Rail crossing
Saint-Germain-des-Fossés NîmesFrance}} Massif Central La Bastide-Puylaurent1025|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 25 ‰ 1,435 mm No Rail crossing
DovreNorway}} Scandinavian Mountains Hjerkinn1024|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,435 mm No Rail crossing
Nice - DigneFrance}} Alps Thorame-Haute1015|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,000 mm No Rail crossing
Aosta–Pré-Saint-DidierItaly}} Alps Pré-Saint-Didier1004|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,435 mm No Dead-end rail
BrünigSwitzerland}} Alps Brünig1002|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 12% 1,000 mm Yes Rail crossing
Vimperk - VolaryCzech Republic}} Šumava near railroad station Kubova Huť1001|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,435 mm No Rail crossing
Saint-Georges-d'Aurac - Saint-Étienne-ChâteaucreuxFrance}} Massif Central Fix-Saint-Geneys1000|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} 1,435 mm No Rail crossing

See also

  • List of highest paved roads in Europe
  • Rail transport in Europe
  • List of mountain railways in Switzerland
  • List of highest railways in the world
  • Extreme points of Europe

References

  • Swisstopo topographic maps
  • IGN topographic maps
1. ^Nicola Williams, Damien Simonis, Kerry Walker. [https://books.google.ch/books?id=YKsnCK39IpAC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr#v=onepage&q&f=false Switzerland (ebook Edition)]. Lonely Planet
2. ^For a list of funiculars, see List of funicular railways
3. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.riffelalp.com/riffelalp_tram_107.html | title = Riffelalp Tram | work = Riffelalp Resort | accessdate = 2014-06-05 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140303152601/http://www.riffelalp.com/riffelalp_tram_107.html | archivedate = 2014-03-03 | df = }}
4. ^Engineering Magazine, Volume 14, p. 81
5. ^See fr:Parc d'attractions du Châtelard
6. ^See es:Estación de Herradón-La Cañada
7. ^See it:Ferrovia Sulmona-Isernia
8. ^See es:Estación Internacional de Canfranc
9. ^See es:Ferrocarril Torralba-Soria
10. ^See es:Estación de Ávila
11. ^See fr:Ligne Neuchâtel – La Chaux-de-Fonds – Le Locle-Col-des-Roches

2 : Mountain railways|Rail transport in Europe
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