| 词条 | Sfax | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|official_name = Sfax |native_name = {{lang|ar|صفاقس}} |settlement_type = City |nickname = |motto = |image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo1a = Grande_Mosquée_de_Sfax_09.jpg | photo2a = Minaret_de_la_Mosquée_de_Sidi-Amor_02.JPG | photo2b = Cafe_Sidi_Boussaid_-_panoramio_(2).jpg | photo3a = City_walls_of_Sfax.jpg | photo3b = Borj_El_Guennouni.jpg | photo4a = Kasbah_of_Sfax.jpg | photo4b = Dar_Jallouli_Patio.jpg | size = 275 | spacing = 2 | color = transparent | border = 0 }} |image_caption = Clockwise from top: the Great Mosque of Sfax and the medina skyline, Cafe Sidi Boussaid, Borj El Guennouni, Dar Jellouli Museum, Kasbah of Sfax, City Walls, Sidi Amor Kammoun Mosque |image_flag = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Tunisia |pushpin_label = Sfax |pushpin_map_caption = |pushpin_mapsize = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{flagicon|TUN}} Tunisia |subdivision_type1 = Governorates |subdivision_name1 = Sfax Governorate |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Moncef Abdelhedi |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = |area_total = |TotalArea_sq_mi = |area_land = |LandArea_sq_mi = |area_water = |WaterArea_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban = |UrbanArea_sq_mi = |area_metro = |MetroArea_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2014 |population_note = |population_total = 330,440 |population_density = |population_density_mi2 = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_mi2 = |population_urban = |timezone = CET |utc_offset = +1 |utc_offset_DST = +1 |coordinates = {{coord|34|44|N|10|46|E|region:TN|display=inline,title}} |elevation = |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = 3000 }}Sfax ({{lang-ar|صفاقس}} {{audio|help=no|Sfa9es.wav|Ṣfāqes}}; {{lang-ber|ⵙⵉⴼⴰⴽⵙ}} Sifaks) is a city in Tunisia, located {{convert|270|km|mi|abbr=on}} southeast of Tunis. The city, founded in AD{{nbsp}}849 on the ruins of Roman Taparura, is the capital of the Sfax Governorate (about 955,421 inhabitants in 2014),[1] and a Mediterranean port. Sfax has a population of 330,440 (census 2014).[1] The main economic activities of Sfax are industries (phosphate processing), agriculture (olive and olive oil, nuts), fishing (largest fishing port in Tunisia) and trade (import-export). The city is often described as Tunisia's "second city", being the second-most populous city after the capital Tunis.[2] History{{further|Taparura|Thenae}}Present-day Sfax was founded in AD{{nbsp}}849 on the site of the ancient Roman town ({{lang|la|civitas}}) of Taparura. The modern city has also grown to cover some other ancient settlements, most notably Thenae in its southern suburb of Thyna. By the end of the 10th century, Sfax, had become an independent city-state. The city was conquered by Roger II of Sicily in 1148 and occupied until it was liberated in 1156 by local forces, and was briefly occupied by European forces again; this time by the Spanish, in the 16th century, before falling into Ottoman hands this time. Sfax became an integral base of the Barbary piracy, prompting an unsuccessful invasion by Venice in 1785. When the Bey of Tunis signed the Bardo Treaty, in 1881, making Tunisia a protectorate, an insurrection broke out in Sfax. Six ironclads were dispatched from Toulon (Colbert, Friedland, Marengo, Trident, Revanche, Surveillante) to join the French Navy ships in Tunisian waters. In Sfax, three ironclads from the Division of the Levant were already present (Alma, Reine Blanche, La Galissonnière), together with four cannon boats.{{Sfn | Randier | 2006 | p = 395}} Sfax was bombarded, and on 16 July the city was taken by the French after hard fighting, with 7 dead and 32 wounded for the French.{{Sfn | Randier | 2006 | p = 395}} During World War II, the Axis powers used the city as a major base until British forces took it on 10 April 1943. After World War II, Tunisia was returned to France, but gained independence in 1956. TransportThe A1 motorway connects Sfax with Tunis. A narrow gauge railway system of SNCFT offers passenger services to Tunis and delivers phosphates and iron ore for export. Sfax is served by Sfax–Thyna International Airport and Syphax Airlines has regularly scheduled flights to Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport, Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport, Sabiha Gökçen International Airport, Tripoli International Airport, and charter flights to Jeddah Airport for the pilgrimage to Mecca. CommunicationsFounded in 1961, Radio Sfax broadcasts twenty hours a day[3] on MW 720 kHz/105.21 MHz.[4] ClimateSfax has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh). Owing to its sheltered location relative to Mediterranean Sea winter storms, Sfax receives half the rainfall of Tunis and less even than the major cities of Libya (Tripoli and Benghazi). Summers, like all of North Africa, are hot and almost rainless, whilst winters are very pleasant with only light rain usual. {{Weather box|metric first = yes |single line = yes |location = Sfax |Jan record high C = 26.8 |Feb record high C = 31.5 |Mar record high C = 36.1 |Apr record high C = 37.2 |May record high C = 38.8 |Jun record high C = 43.9 |Jul record high C = 47.2 |Aug record high C = 46.8 |Sep record high C = 43.5 |Oct record high C = 36.9 |Nov record high C = 32.5 |Dec record high C = 28.3 |year record high C = 47.2 |Jan high C = 16.7 |Feb high C = 18.0 |Mar high C = 19.5 |Apr high C = 21.8 |May high C = 25.4 |Jun high C = 28.9 |Jul high C = 32.0 |Aug high C = 32.2 |Sep high C = 29.8 |Oct high C = 26.0 |Nov high C = 21.4 |Dec high C = 17.6 |year high C = 24.1 |Jan mean C = 11.3 |Feb mean C = 12.2 |Mar mean C = 14.0 |Apr mean C = 16.4 |May mean C = 19.8 |Jun mean C = 23.4 |Jul mean C = 26.0 |Aug mean C = 26.7 |Sep mean C = 24.8 |Oct mean C = 21.0 |Nov mean C = 15.9 |Dec mean C = 12.2 |year mean C = 18.6 |Jan low C = 5.8 |Feb low C = 6.5 |Mar low C = 8.4 |Apr low C = 11.0 |May low C = 14.4 |Jun low C = 17.8 |Jul low C = 19.9 |Aug low C = 21.1 |Sep low C = 19.8 |Oct low C = 16.1 |Nov low C = 10.6 |Dec low C = 6.7 |year low C = 13.2 |Jan record low C = -2.3 |Feb record low C = -1.2 |Mar record low C = -1.0 |Apr record low C = 2.0 |May record low C = 6.1 |Jun record low C = 9.6 |Jul record low C = 13.6 |Aug record low C = 13.2 |Sep record low C = 11.2 |Oct record low C = 5.2 |Nov record low C = 2.2 |Dec record low C = -1.0 |year record low C = -2.3 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 22.7 |Feb precipitation mm = 19.4 |Mar precipitation mm = 23.3 |Apr precipitation mm = 17.6 |May precipitation mm = 9.2 |Jun precipitation mm = 4.4 |Jul precipitation mm = 1.8 |Aug precipitation mm = 5.6 |Sep precipitation mm = 24.1 |Oct precipitation mm = 56.4 |Nov precipitation mm = 22.9 |Dec precipitation mm = 29.3 |year precipitation mm = 236.7 |Jan precipitation days = 4 |Feb precipitation days = 4 |Mar precipitation days = 4 |Apr precipitation days = 3 |May precipitation days = 2 |Jun precipitation days = 1 |Jul precipitation days = 0 |Aug precipitation days = 1 |Sep precipitation days = 2 |Oct precipitation days = 4 |Nov precipitation days = 3 |Dec precipitation days = 4 |year precipitation days = 32 |Jan humidity = 65 |Feb humidity = 63 |Mar humidity = 63 |Apr humidity = 63 |May humidity = 62 |Jun humidity = 60 |Jul humidity = 59 |Aug humidity = 63 |Sep humidity = 65 |Oct humidity = 66 |Nov humidity = 65 |Dec humidity = 66 |year humidity = 63 |Jan sun = 198.4 |Feb sun = 201.6 |Mar sun = 238.7 |Apr sun = 258.0 |May sun = 310.0 |Jun sun = 333.0 |Jul sun = 378.2 |Aug sun = 347.2 |Sep sun = 273.0 |Oct sun = 241.8 |Nov sun = 210.0 |Dec sun = 195.3 |year sun = 3185.2 |Jand sun = 6.4 |Febd sun = 7.2 |Mard sun = 7.7 |Aprd sun = 8.6 |Mayd sun = 10.0 |Jund sun = 11.1 |Juld sun = 12.2 |Augd sun = 11.2 |Sepd sun = 9.1 |Octd sun = 7.8 |Novd sun = 7.0 |Decd sun = 6.3 |yeard sun = 8.7 |source 1 = NOAA[5] }}
EducationThe University of Sfax includes:
Sport{{Expand section|date=February 2011|reason=This section is to be needed.}}
Notable people
International relations{{Refimprove section|date=October 2015}}{{main|List of twin towns and sister cities in Africa#Tunisia|l1=List of twin towns and sister cities in Tunisia}}Twin towns — sister citiesSfax is twinned with:
See also{{Portal|Tunisia}}
References1. ^1 LookLex Encyclopaedia accessed 10 July 2008 2. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-biggest-cities-in-tunisia.html|title=Biggest Cities In Tunisia|work=WorldAtlas|access-date=2018-07-10|language=en}} 3. ^{{Cite book|title=International Afro mass media: a reference guide|last=Jeter|first=James Phillip|author2=Rampal, Kuldip R. |author3=Cambridge, Vibert C. |author4= Pratt, Cornelius B. |year=1996|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|location=Westport, CT|page=130|isbn=0-313-28400-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uLenDhrLQ8oC&pg=PA130 |accessdate=2011-01-01}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.radiotunis.com/sfax.html|title=Radio Sfax, official site|author=Radio Tunis|year=2010|publisher=Radiodiffusion Television Tunisienne|accessdate=2011-01-01|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821063436/http://www.radiotunis.com/sfax.html|archivedate=2010-08-21|df=}} 5. ^{{cite web| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-I/TS/60750.TXT| title = Sfax Climate Normals 1961–1990| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| accessdate = January 24, 2015}} 6. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/tunisia/sfax.php |title=Sfax Climate and Weather Averages, Tunisia |publisher=Weather2Travel |accessdate=19 July 2014 }} 7. ^enis.rnu.tn 8. ^escs.rnu.tn 9. ^flshs.rnu.tn 10. ^fmsf.rnu.tn {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070405000723/http://www.fmsf.rnu.tn/ |date=2007-04-05 }} 11. ^isaas.rnu.tn 12. ^fsegs.rnu.tn 13. ^ 14. ^isimsf.rnu.tn 15. ^{{cite web|author=Jérôme Steffenino, Marguerite Masson |url=http://www.grenoble.fr/103-jumelages-et-cooperations.htm|title=Ville de Grenoble –Coopérations et villes jumelles |publisher=Grenoble.fr |accessdate=16 May 2013}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.marburg.de/detail/11753 |title=Universitätsstadt Marburg Partnerstädte |publisher=marburg.de |accessdate=2011-03-20}} External links{{Commons category}}
6 : Sfax|Populated places in Sfax Governorate|Communes of Tunisia|Cities in Tunisia|Mediterranean port cities and towns in Tunisia|Populated places established in the 9th century |
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