词条 | List of largest reptiles | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
The largest living reptile, a representative of the order Crocodilia, is the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) of Southern Asia and Australia, with adult males being typically {{convert|3.9|–|5.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} long. The largest confirmed saltwater crocodile on record was {{convert|6.32|m|ft|1|abbr=on}} long, and weighed about {{convert|1,360|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.[1] Unconfirmed reports of much larger crocodiles exist, but examinations of incomplete remains have never suggested a length greater than {{convert|7|m|ft|abbr=on}}.[1] A living specimen estimated at {{convert|7|m|ft|abbr=on}} and {{convert|2,000|kg|lb|abbr=on}} has been accepted by the Guinness Book of World Records,[2] but due to the difficulty of trapping and measuring a very large living crocodile, the accuracy of these dimensions has yet to be verified. A specimen caught alive in the Philippines in 2011 (now dead) was found to have measured {{convert|6.17|m|ft|abbr=on}} in length.[3][4][5][6][7] Table of heaviest living reptilesThe following is a list of the heaviest living reptile species, which is dominated by the crocodilians. Unlike the upper weights of mammals, birds or fish, mass in reptiles is frequently poorly documented and many are subject to conjecture and estimation.[8]
Crocodilians (Crocodylia)
Lizards and snakes (Squamata){{Further|List of largest snakes}}
Plesiosaurs (Plesiosauria)The largest known plesiosaur was Mauisaurus haasti, from the late Cretaceous oceans around what is now New Zealand. It is estimated to have grown to around {{convert|20|m|ft|abbr=on}} in length and to have weighed 30 tonnes.[65] Ichthyosaurs (Ichthyosauria)The largest of these marine reptiles (extinct for 210 million years) was the species Shastasaurus sikanniensis, at approximately {{convert|21|m|ft|abbr=on}} long and 68 tonnes. This massive animal, from the Norian stage in what is now British Columbia, is considered the largest marine reptile so far found in the fossil record.[66] Tuataras (Sphenodontia)The larger of the two extant species of the New Zealand native tuataras is the Brothers Island tuatara (Sphenodon guntheri). The maximum size is {{convert|1.4|kg|lb|abbr=on}} and {{convert|76|cm|in|abbr=on}}. Turtles (Testudines)
Pterosaurs (Pterosauria)A dinosaur-era reptile (although not actually a dinosaur) is believed to have been the largest flying animal that ever existed: the pterosaur Quetzalcoatlus northropi, from North America during the late Cretaceous. This species is believed to have weighed up to {{convert|250|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, measured {{convert|7.9|m|ft|abbr=on}} in total length (including a neck length of over {{convert|3|m|ft|abbr=on}}) and measured up to {{convert|11|m|ft|abbr=on}} across the wings.[72][73] Another possible contender for the largest pterosaur is Hatzegopteryx, which is also estimated to have had an {{convert|11|m|ft|abbr=on}} wingspan.[72] See also
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P. | last2 = Naish | first2 = D. | editor1-last = McClain | editor1-first = Craig R | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0002271 | title = A Reappraisal of Azhdarchid Pterosaur Functional Morphology and Paleoecology | journal = PLoS ONE | volume = 3 | issue = 5 | pages = e2271 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18509539| pmc =2386974 }} 2 : Lists of reptiles|Lists of largest animals |
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