1. Patrilineal descent

2. Ancestral lines of the Bourbons

3. Living Bourbon males born of Catholic marriages
    House of Bourbon  House of Bourbon-Spain  House of Bourbon-Seville  Santa Elena branch  House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies  Calabria branch  Castro branch  House of Bourbon-Parma  Luxembourg branch  House of Bourbon-Parma  House of Orléans  House of Orléans-Braganza  Petrópolis branch  Vassouras branch  House of Orléans-Galliera 

4. Dynastic claims

5. Renunciations
    Other renunciations 

6. See also

7. Notes and references

The Capetian dynasty is the largest dynasty in Europe, with over 120 living male members descended in the legitimate agnatic line. Since the extinction of the House of Courtenay in 1733, the House of Bourbon is the only remaining branch of legitimate descent.

Descendants in the male line of Louis XIV through his grandson Philip V of Spain are designated as House of Bourbon; descendants in the male line of Philip I, Duke of Orléans, are designated as House of Orléans. All those listed below are actually descendants of King Louis XIII; after the death in 1830 of Louis Henry II, the last Prince of Condé (descended from the youngest son of Charles, Duke of Vendôme), no other legitimate lines of descent from Hugh Capet continued to exist.

Patrilineal descent

The Capetian lineage can be traced back more than 1,200 years and is one of the oldest in Europe. The dynasty achieved royal status either in 888, at the election of Odo (a Robertian) to the crown of France, or in 987, at the election of Hugh Capet, making it the oldest Western European royal dynasty in existence.{{fact|date=September 2018}}

1. Robert II of Worms and Rheingau, 770–807
2. Robert III of Worms and Rheingau, 800–834
3. Robert the Strong, Margrave of Neustria, 830–866
4. Robert I, King of the Franks, 866–923
5. Hugh the Great, Duke of the Franks, 898–956
6. Hugh Capet, King of the Franks, 939–996
7. Robert II, King of the Franks, 972–1031
8. Henry I, King of the Franks, 1008–1060
9. Philip I, King of the Franks, 1052–1108
10. Louis VI, King of the Franks, 1081–1137
11. Louis VII, King of the Franks, 1120–1180
12. Philip II, King of France, 1165–1223
13. Louis VIII, King of France, 1187–1226
14. Louis IX, King of France, 1214–1270
15. Robert, Count of Clermont, 1256–1317
16. Louis I, Duke of Bourbon, 1279–1342
17. James I, Count of La Marche, 1319–1362
18. John I, Count of La Marche, 1344–1393
19. Louis, Count of Vendôme, c. 1376–1446
20. John II, Count of Vendôme, 1425–1477
21. Francis, Count of Vendôme, 1470–1495
22. Charles, Duke of Vendôme, 1489–1537
23. Antoine, King of Navarre, 1518–1562
24. Henry IV, King of France, 1553–1610
25. Louis XIII, King of France, 1601–1643

Ancestral lines of the Bourbons

• Louis XIII, King of France (1601-1643)
  • Louis XIV, King of France (1638-1715)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Louis, Dauphin of France (1661-1711)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Philip V, King of Spain (1683-1746)
  • Charles III, King of Spain (1716-1788)
  • Charles IV, King of Spain (1748-1819)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Francisco de Paula, Duke of Cádiz (1794-1865)
  • Francisco de Asis, Duke of Cadiz (1822-1902)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Alfonso XII, King of Spain (1857-1885)
  • House of Bourbon
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} House of Bourbon-Spain
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Enrique, 1st Duke of Seville (1823-1870)
  • Francisco de Paula de Borbón y Castellví (1853-1942)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} House of Bourbon-Seville
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Alberto, 1st Duke of Santa Elena (1854-1939)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} House of Bourbon-Santa Elena
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Ferdinand I, King of Two Sicilies (1751-1825)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Francis I, King of Two Sicilies (1777-1830)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Ferdinand II, King of Two Sicilies (1810-1859)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Alfonso, Count of Caserta (1841-1934)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Philip I, Duke of Parma (1720-1765)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Ferdinand I, Duke of Parma (1751-1802)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Louis, King of Etruria (1773-1803)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Charles II, Duke of Parma (1799-1883)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Charles III, Duke of Parma (1823-1854)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} House of Bourbon-Parma
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Philippe I, Duke of Orleans (1640-1701)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Philippe II, Duke of Orleans (1674-1723)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Louis IV, Duke of Orléans (1703-1752)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orleans (1725-1785)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orleans (1747-1793)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Louis Philippe I, King of the French (1773-1850)
  • Ferdinand, Duke of Orleans (1810-1842)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Robert, Duke of Chartres (1840-1910)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} House of Orléans
  • Louis, Duke of Nemours (1814-1896)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Gaston, Count of Eu (1842-1922)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} House of Orléans-Braganza
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Antoine, Duke of Montpensier (1824-1890)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Antonio, Duke of Galliera (1866-1934)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} House of Orléans-Galliera

Living Bourbon males born of Catholic marriages

House of Bourbon

• Alfonso XII of Spain (1857-1885), eighth-generation descendant of Louis XIII
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Alfonso XIII of Spain (1886-1941)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Jaime, Duke of Segovia (1908-1975)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Alfonso, Duke of Cadiz (1936-1989)

House of Bourbon-Spain

• Alfonso XII of Spain (1857-1885)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Alfonso XIII of Spain (1886-1941)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Juan, Count of Barcelona (1913-1993)

House of Bourbon-Seville

• Francisco de Paula de Borbón y Castellví (1853-1942), eighth-generation descendant of Louis XIII
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Francisco de Paula de Borbón y de la Torre, Duke of Seville (1882-1952)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Francisco de Paula de Borbón y Borbón (1912-1995)

• Francisco de Paula de Borbón y Castellví (1853-1942)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} José de Borbón y La Torre (1883-1962)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Carlos de Borbón y Rich (1915-1978)

• Francisco de Paula de Borbón y Castellví (1853-1942)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} José de Borbón y La Torre (1883-1962)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Alberto de Borbón y Rich (1916-1997)

Santa Elena branch

• Alberto María de Borbón y Castellvi, 1st Duke of Santa Elena (1854-1939), eighth-generation descendant of Louis XIII
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Alberto de Borbón y d'Ast, 2nd Duke of Santa Elena (1883-1959)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Alfonso María de Borbón y Pintó, Marquess of Santa Fe de Guardiola (1909-1938)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Alberto de Borbón y Perez del Pulgar, 3rd Duke of Santa Elena (1933-1995)

• Alberto María de Borbón y Castellvi, 1st Duke of Santa Elena (1854-1939)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Alberto de Borbón y d'Ast, 2nd Duke of Santa Elena (1883-1959)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Alfonso María de Borbón y Pintó, Marquess of Santa Fe de Guardiola (1909-1938)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Alfonso de Borbón y Perez del Pulgar (1937-2007)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Alfonso de Borbón y Medina (1963-2005)

House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies

Calabria branch

• Alfonso, Count of Caserta (1841-1934), eighth-generation descendant of Louis XIII
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1870-1949)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Alfonso, Duke of Calabria (1901-1964)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Carlos, Duke of Calabria (1938-2015),

Castro branch

• Alfonso, Count of Caserta (1841-1934)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Ranieri, Duke of Castro (1883-1973)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Ferdinand, Duke of Castro (1926-2008)

• Alfonso, Count of Caserta (1841-1934)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Filippo of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1885-1949)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Gaëtano of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1917-1984)

• Alfonso, Count of Caserta (1841-1934)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Gabriel of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1897-1975)

House of Bourbon-Parma

• Charles III, Duke of Parma (1823-1854), eighth-generation descendant of Louis XIII
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Robert I, Duke of Parma (1848-1907)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Xavier, Duke of Parma (1889-1977)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma (1930-2010)

Luxembourg branch

• Charles III, Duke of Parma (1823-1854)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Robert I, Duke of Parma (1848-1907)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Felix of Bourbon-Parma (1893-1970)

• Charles III, Duke of Parma (1823-1854)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Robert I, Duke of Parma (1848-1907)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Felix of Bourbon-Parma (1893-1970)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Charles of Luxembourg (1927–1977)

House of Bourbon-Parma

• Charles III, Duke of Parma (1823-1854)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Robert I, Duke of Parma (1848-1907)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} René of Bourbon-Parma (1894-1962)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Jacques of Bourbon-Parma (1922-1964)

• Charles III, Duke of Parma (1823-1854)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Robert I, Duke of Parma (1848-1907)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} René of Bourbon-Parma (1894-1962)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Michel of Bourbon-Parma (1926-2018)

• Charles III, Duke of Parma (1823-1854)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Robert I, Duke of Parma (1848-1907)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} René of Bourbon-Parma (1894-1962)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} André of Bourbon-Parma (1928-2011)

• Charles III, Duke of Parma (1823-1854)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Robert I, Duke of Parma (1848-1907)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Luigi of Bourbon-Parma (1899-1967)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Guy of Bourbon-Parma (1940-1991)

House of Orléans

• Robert, Duke of Chartres (1840-1910), eighth-generation descendant of Louis XIII
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Jean, Duke of Guise (1874-1940)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Henri, Count of Paris (1908-1999)
  • Henri d'Orléans, Count of Paris (1933-2019)

• Robert, Duke of Chartres (1840-1910),
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Jean, Duke of Guise (1874-1940)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Henri, Count of Paris (1908-1999)

• Robert, Duke of Chartres (1840-1910)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Jean, Duke of Guise (1874-1940)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Henri, Count of Paris (1908-1999)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Thibaut, Count of La Marche (1948-1983)

House of Orléans-Braganza

Petrópolis branch

• Gaston, Count of Eu (1842-1922), eighth-generation descendant of Louis XIII
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará (1875-1940)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Pedro Gastão of Orléans-Braganza (1913-2007)

• Gaston, Count of Eu (1842-1922)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará (1875-1940)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} João of Orléans-Braganza (1916-2005)

Vassouras branch

Vassouras^[1]

• Gaston, Count of Eu (1842-1922)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Luís of Orléans-Braganza (1878-1920)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza (1909-1981)

House of Orléans-Galliera

• Antonio, Duke of Galliera (1866-1930), eighth-generation descendant of Louis XIII
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Alfonso, Duke of Galliera (1886-1975)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Alvaro, Duke of Galliera (1910-1997)
  • {{Tree list/final branch}} Alonso d'Orléans-Borbón (1941-1975)

}}(In French, the list comes to 117 people)

Dynastic claims

According to the "Legitimist" faction of French royalists, all male descendants of Hugh Capet in the legitimate male line are dynasts of the Kingdom of France. According to them, the current heir to the French throne, if restored, is Louis Alphonse, Duke of Anjou.

Traditional "legitimacy" is based on the old rules that existed in the Ancien Régime of the Kingdom of France; civil marriages were then non-existent. Eudes de Orléans-Bragança (b. 1977) and his brother Guy de Orléans-Bragança (b. 1985), sons of Prince Eudes of Orléans-Braganza, were born of civil marriage only, since their father did not obtain an annulment for his first marriage.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} Consequently, they are regarded as illegitimate according to canon law. Legitimated children, born before their parents' marriage, such as the eldest sons of the Duke of Noto and Louis de Luxembourg, were also excluded from the list.

According to the Orleanist faction of French royalists, the current heir to the French throne, if restored, is Jean d'Orléans (future Count of Paris). They consider foreigners ineligible to inherit the French throne, or at least the line of descent from Philip V of Spain (who renounced the French throne). The Orleanist order of succession is limited to the senior line of the House of Orleans (the cadet branches of Orleans-Braganza and Orleans-Galliera, and the descendants of Philip V of Spain are considered foreigners). However, François d'Orléans, Count of Clermont, had been disinherited due to mental disability, and the branches of Michel d'Orléans, Count of Evreux and Jacques d'Orléans, Duke of Orleans (fraternal twins) are reversed according to "historical French primogeniture".

Renunciations

The renunciations of rights to thrones have created rival claims and disputes among the existing branches of the House of Bourbon.

The first of these is the renunciation, in 1713, of Philip V of Spain, grandson of Louis XIV of France, of his rights to the French throne. Such renunciation is invalid under the fundamental laws of that kingdom; in France, the right of succession to the throne was considered an inalienable right, so that the king should always be the senior male descendant of Hugh Capet. Nevertheless, the act was of no practical value until the extinction of the male line of Louis XV of France, which did not occur until 1883. By then the monarchy was no more, and most of the remaining royalists supported the Count of Paris, descendant of Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, brother of Louis XIV.

Charles III of Spain ordained that the Kingdoms of Spain and Two Sicilies ought never to be united. In context, the semi-Salic law of succession then operated in Spain, with Two Sicilies as a secundogeniture if that throne is vacant. In 1900, Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies renounced his rights of succession to the throne of Two Sicilies, upon his marriage to Mercedes, Princess of Asturias. This made his children heirs presumptive to the Spanish throne. But Alfonso XII and his line pushed them farther down the line of succession, while the death of Ferdinand, Carlos' elder brother, made them immediate heirs to the defunct throne of Two Sicilies. Carlos' son Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria, reclaimed his rights, to which his uncle, Prince Ranieri, Duke of Castro, objected. The dispute is still unresolved; the Calabria claimant is supported by Spain, while the Castro claimant is supported by other royal houses and the other members of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies.

In 1908, Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará, wished to marry Countess Elisabeth Dobržensky de Dobrženicz. Although a Bohemian noblewoman, she did not belong to a royal or reigning dynasty. The constitution of the Brazilian empire did not require dynasts to marry equally, but made the marriage of the heir to the throne dependent upon the Sovereign's consent. The pretender to the throne was Pedro's mother, who wanted her children to marry royalty, in order to increase the prospects of a restoration. As a result, he renounced his succession rights to the throne of Brazil. Thus the Vassouras branch, descendants of his younger brother, Prince Luís of Orléans-Braganza, became the heirs of the Brazilian monarchy. But in 1940, Prince Pedro Gastão of Orléans-Braganza, Pedro's son, rejected his father's renunciation and claimed the headship of the Brazilian Imperial House.

Other renunciations

• Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia, renounced his rights to the Spanish throne for himself and his descendants in 1933 due to his deafness. In 1949, he retracted his renunciation of the throne of Spain, but in 1969, Don Jaime definitively renounced the Spanish succession in favour of his nephew, King Juan Carlos I of Spain, by petition of his son Alfonso de Borbón.
• Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg renounced the titles of the House of Bourbon-Parma for himself and his family in 1986^[2] when his eldest son, then-Hereditary Grand Duke Henri married Maria-Theresa Mestre. The reason for this was that the Duke of Parma, Carlos Hugo, ruled the marriage unequal in 1981, as well as the marriage of Prince Jean of Luxembourg to Hélène Suzanna Vestur in 1987, for which he renounced his rights to Luxembourg in 1986.
• Prince Louis of Luxembourg, renounced his right of succession for himself and his heirs upon his morganatic marriage in 2006.

See also

• Capetian dynasty
• French dynastic disputes
• House of Bourbon
• House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
• House of Bourbon-Parma
• House of Orléans
• House of Orléans-Braganza
• Descendants of Henry IV of France
• Descendants of Louis XIV of France
• Descendants of Philip V of Spain
• Descendants of Charles III of Spain
• Descendants of Alfonso XIII of Spain
• Descendants of Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
• Legitimists
• Orléanists
• Line of succession to the Spanish throne
• Line of succession to the throne of Luxembourg
• Line of succession to the former throne of the Two Sicilies
• Line of succession to the French throne (Orléanist)
• Line of succession to the former Brazilian throne

Notes and references

• Dunkermotoren
• Dunkerque-Calais railway
• Dunkerque evacuation
• Dunkerton Bridge
• Dunkerton Colliery Halt railway station
• Dunkerton railway station
• Dunkerton (surname)
• Dunkey
• Dunkheger
• Dunk Hill
• Dunkin'
• Dunkin (brand)
• Dunkin' Brands Group, Inc.
• Dunkin Brands Group Inc
• Dunkin, Christopher
• @dunkindonuts
• Dunkin Donuts Park
• Dunkin' (franchise)
• Dunkin, James
• Dunkin Raptors
• Dunkin' Raptors
• Dunkinsville, Ohio
• Dunkin, William
• Dunkin’ Raptors
• Dunkirk, 1944