“Shabana Azmi”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Shabana Azmi (born 18 September 1950) is an Indian actress of film, television and theatre. The daughter of poet Kaifi Azmi and stage actress Shaukat Azmi, she is an alumna of Film and Television Institute of India of Pune. Azmi made her film debut in 1974 and soon became one of the leading actresses of Parallel Cinema, a new-wave movement known for its serious content and neo-realism and received government patronage during the times.^[1]^[2] Regarded as one of the finest actresses in India, Azmi's performances in films in a variety of genres have generally earned her praise and awards, which include a record of five wins of the National Film Award for Best Actress and several international honours.^[1]^[3] She has also received five Filmfare Awards, and was honored among "women in cinema" at the 30th International Film Festival of India.^[4] In 1988, the Government of India awarded her with Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian honour of the country.

Azmi has appeared in over 120 Hindi and Bengali films in both mainstream and independent cinema, and since 1988, she has acted in several foreign projects. Several of her films have been cited as a form of progressivism which portrays Indian society, its customs and traditions. In addition to acting, Azmi is a social and women's rights activist. She is the wife of poet and screenwriter Javed Akhtar.^[5] She is a Goodwill Ambassador of the United Nations Population Fund (UNPFA). In appreciation of Azmi's life and works, the President of India gave her a nominated (unelected) membership of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of parliament.^[7]

Early life and background

Shabana Azmi was born into a Saiyyid Muslim family, in Hyderabad,^[6] India. Her parents are Kaifi Azmi (an Indian poet) and Shaukat Azmi (a veteran Indian People's Theatre Association stage actress),^[7] both of whom were members of the Communist Party of India. Her brother, Baba Azmi, is a cinematographer, and her sister-in-law, Tanvi Azmi, is also an actress. Shabana was named at the age of eleven by Ali Sardar Jafri. Her parents used to call her Munni. Baba Azmi was named by Prof. Masood Siddiqui as Ahmer Azmi. Her parents had an active social life, and their home was always thriving with people and activities of the communist party. It was not unusual for her to wake up in the morning and find members of the communist party sleeping about, from a previous night's communist social that ran late. Early in childhood, the environment in her home inculcated into her a respect for family ties, social and human values; and her parents always supported her to develop a passion for intellectual stimulation and growth.^[7]^[8]^[9]

Azmi attended Queen Mary School, Mumbai. She completed a graduate degree in Psychology from St. Xavier's College, Mumbai, and followed it with a course in acting at the Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), Pune.^[7] She explained the reason she decided to attend the film institute, saying: "I had the privilege of watching Jaya Bhaduri in a (Diploma) film, Suman, and I was completely enchanted by her performance because it was unlike the other performances I had seen. I really marvelled at that and said, 'My god, if by going to the Film Institute I can achieve that, that's what I want to do.'" Azmi eventually topped the list of successful candidates of 1972.^[10]

Career

Azmi graduated from the FTII in 1973 and signed on to Khwaja Ahmad Abbas' Faasla and began work on Kanti Lal Rathod's Parinay as well. Her first release, however, was Shyam Benegal's directorial debut Ankur (1974). Belonging to the arthouse genre of neo-realistic films, Ankur is based on a true story which occurred in Hyderabad. Azmi played Lakshmi, a married servant and villager who drifts into an affair with a college student who visits the countryside. Azmi was not the original choice for the film, and several leading actresses of that time refused to do it. The film went on to become a major critical success, and Azmi won the National Film Award for Best Actress for her performances. Famous independent filmmaker Satyajit Ray commented "In Ankur she may not have fitted immediately into her rustic surroundings, but her poise and personality are never in doubt. In two high pitched scenes, she pulls out the stops to firmly establish herself as one of our finest dramatic actresses".

She went on to receive the National Film Award consecutively for three years from 1983 to 1985 for her roles in Arth, Khandhar and Paar. Godmother (1999) earned her another National Film Award, taking her tally to five.

Azmi’s acting has been characterised by a real-life depiction of the roles played by her. In Mandi, she acted as a madam of a whorehouse. For this role, she put on weight and even chewed betel. Real life portrayals continued in almost all her movies. These included the role of a woman named Jamini resigned to her destiny in Khandhar and a typical urban Indian wife, homemaker and mother in Masoom.

She also acted in experimental and parallel Indian cinema. Deepa Mehta's 1996 film Fire depicts her as a lonely woman, Radha, in love with her sister-in-law. The on-screen depiction of lesbianism (perhaps the first in Indian cinema) drew severe protests and threats from many social groups as well as by the Indian authorities. Her role as Radha brought her international recognition with the Silver Hugo Award for Best Actress at the 32nd Chicago Film Festival and Jury Award for Best Actress at Outfest, Los Angeles.^[7]

She was the initial choice for Deepa Mehta's Water, which was planned to hit the floors in 2000. A few scenes were already shot. Azmi had to shave her head with Nandita Das to portray the character of Shakuntala. However, due to political reasons, the film was shelved and later shot in 2005 with Seema Biswas replacing Azmi.^[11]

Some of her notable films are Shyam Benegal's Nishant (1975), Junoon (1978), Susman (1986), and Antarnaad (1992); Satyajit Ray's Shatranj Ke Khilari (The Chess Players); Mrinal Sen's Khandhar, Genesis, Ek Din Achanak; Saeed Mirza's Albert Pinto Ko Gussa Kyon Aata Hai; Sai Paranjpye's Sparsh and Disha; Gautam Ghose's Paar; Aparna Sen's Picnic and Sati; Mahesh Bhatt's Arth; and Vinay Shukla's Godmother.

Her other films include the commercially successful Manmohan Desai's Amar Akbar Anthony and Parvarish and Prakash Mehra's Jwalamukhi. Azmi starred in Hollywood productions such as John Schlesinger's Madame Sousatzka (1988) and Roland Joffe's City of Joy (1992).

Azmi debuted on the small screen in a soap opera titled Anupama. She portrayed a modern Indian woman who, while endorsing traditional Indian ethos and values, negotiated more freedom for herself. She has participated in many stage plays: notable among them include M. S. Sathyu's Safed Kundali (1980), based on The Caucasian Chalk Circle; and Feroz Abbas Khan's Tumhari Amrita with actor Farooq Sheikh, which ran for five years. She toured Singapore on an assignment with the Singapore Repertory Theatre Company, acting in Ingmar Bergman's adaptation of Ibsen's A Doll's House, which was directed by Rey Buono. She toured the UK, Dubai and India with British production Happy Birthday Sunita by Theatre Company Rifco Arts in 2014.

Pointing out the differences in all these media, she once remarked that theatre was really the actor's medium; the stage was the actor's space; cinema was the director's medium; and television was a writer's medium.{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}

Personal life

Shabana Azmi was engaged to Benjamin Gilani in late 1970s, but the engagement was called off. ^[12] Later, she married Javed Akhtar, a lyricist, poet and Bollywood scriptwriter, on 9 December 1984, making her a member of the Akhtar-Azmi film family.^[13] It was Akhtar’s second marriage, the first being with Bollywood scriptwriter, Honey Irani. However Shabana's parents objected to her being involved with a very much married man with 2 children (Farhan Akhtar and Zoya Akhtar).^[14]^[15] Indian actresses Farah Naaz and Tabu are her nieces and Tanvi Azmi is her sister-in-law.

Social activism

Azmi has been a committed social activist, active in supporting child survival and fighting AIDS and injustice in real life.^[16]^[17] Azmi has voiced her opinion on a variety of issues. Initially, her activism drew skepticism and was dubbed by some as a publicity gimmick. However, she proved her critics wrong and used her celebrity status to emerge as a high-profile social activist.

She has participated in several plays and demonstrations denouncing communalism. In 1989, along with Swami Agnivesh and Asghar Ali Engineer, she undertook a four-day march for communal harmony from New Delhi to Meerut. Among the social groups whose causes she has advocated are slum dwellers, displaced Kashmiri Pandit migrants and victims of the earthquake at Latur (Maharashtra, India). The 1993 Mumbai riots appalled her and she emerged as a forceful critic of religious extremism. In 1995, she reflected on her life as an activist in an interview in Rungh.^[18] After the 11 September 2001 attacks, she opposed the advice of the grand mufti of Jama Masjid calling upon the Muslims of India to join the people of Afghanistan in their fight by retorting that the leader go there alone.^[19]

She has campaigned against ostracism of victims of AIDS.^[16] A small film clip issued by the Government of India depicts an HIV positive child cuddled in her arms and saying: "She does not need your rejection, she needs your love". In a Bengali film named Meghla Akash she played the role of a physician treating AIDS patients.

She has also given her voice to an HIV/AIDS education animated software tutorial created by the nonprofit organisation TeachAIDS.^[20]

She talks extensively about her social activism in a 2-hour interview for Harvard Business School's Creating Emerging Markets project.^[21]

Since 1989, she has been a member of the National Integration Council headed by the Prime Minister of India; a member of National AIDS Commission (of India); and was nominated (in 1997) as a member of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian parliament. In 1998, the United Nations Population Fund appointed her as its Goodwill Ambassador for India.^[16]

Filmography

She has acted in more than one hundred Hindi films, both in the mainstream as well as in Parallel Cinema. Several of her films have received attention in the international arena and Scandinavian countries, including at the Norwegian Film Institute, the Smithsonian Institution and the American Film Institute. She has appeared in a number of foreign films, most of which have won international acclaim, including John Schlesinger's Madame Sousatzka, Nicholas Klotz's Bengali Night, Roland Joffe's City of Joy, Channel 4's Immaculate Conception, Blake Edwards' Son of the Pink Panther, and Ismail Merchant's In Custody.

Awards and honours

National Awards

Azmi has received the National Film Award for Best Actress five times, making her the overall most-awarded actor in the function:^[22]

Filmfare Awards

International awards

Other awards

Honours and recognitions

References

1. ^¹{{cite news|title=Parallel cinema seeing changes: Azmi|author=PTI|date=22 July 2005|accessdate=31 January 2009|publisher=The Times of India|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-07-22/entertainment/27837509_1_shabana-azmi-indian-parallel-cinema-films}}
2. ^{{cite news|title=Shabana's soap opera|author=K., Bhumika|date=21 January 2006|accessdate=31 January 2009|publisher=The Hindu|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/01/21/stories/2006012100690100.htm|location=Chennai, India}}
3. ^{{cite news|title=Coffee break with Shabana Azmi|author=Nagarajan, Saraswathy|date=18 December 2004|accessdate=31 January 2009|publisher=The Hindu|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/12/18/stories/2004121801660100.htm|location=Chennai, India}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm30IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=30IIFA.pdf|title=Directorate of Film Festival|publisher=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130012630/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm30IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=30IIFA.pdf|archivedate=30 January 2013|df=dmy-all}}
5. ^{{cite news |title= In 'Bollywood,' Women Are Wronged or Revered |author= Edward A. Gargan |newspaper= New York Times |date= 17 January 1993 |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1993/01/17/movies/film-in-bollywood-women-are-wronged-or-revered.html?pagewanted=all }}
6. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/14/stories/2007011410870400.htm | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | title=Shabana Azmi presented Akkineni award | date=14 January 2007}}
7. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?203602 |title= Kaifi Azmi |author= Kaifi Azmi |date= 28 May 1997 |work= Outlook|accessdate=5 March 2010}}
8. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.screenindia.com/old/20011102/ftribute.html |title= To Abba... with love |author= Shabana Azmi |date= 2 October 2010 |work= Screen |accessdate= 5 March 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091219151007/http://www.screenindia.com/old/20011102/ftribute.html |archive-date= 19 December 2009 |dead-url= yes |df= dmy-all }}
9. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/511 |title= A conversation with actress and social activist Shabana Azmi |date= 6 March 2006 |publisher= Charlie Rose |accessdate= 5 March 2010 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090707184312/http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/511 |archivedate= 7 July 2009 |df= dmy-all }}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iaac.us/Indian%20Diaspora%20Film%20Festival%202004/Shabanaazmi.htm|title=Indo-American Arts Council}}
11. ^http://brightlightsfilm.com/28/water.php
12. ^ http://www.filmfare.com/features/actor-and-rebel-shabana-azmi-4649-4.html
13. ^THE DYNAMIC DYNASTIES: What would the world of films be without them? {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210044146/http://www.screenindia.com/old/20000922/50.htm |date=10 February 2010 }} Screen, 22 September 2000.
14. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.screenindia.com/old/20001208/freview.htm |title= Javed Akhtar: It’s not so easy |author= Ali Peter John |date= 8 December 2000 |work= Screen |accessdate= 5 March 2010 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.kaifiyat.in/for-abba-with-love-by-shabana-azmi/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-01-31 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122083938/http://www.kaifiyat.in/for-abba-with-love-by-shabana-azmi/ |archivedate=22 January 2013 |df=dmy-all }}
16. ^¹²{{cite web|publisher=United Nations|title=Biographies: A-F|url=https://www.un.org/advocates/bios.htm|accessdate=24 February 2011}}
17. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Tribune|date=12 October 1999|accessdate=24 February 2011|title=World population crosses 6 billion|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99oct13/nation.htm#a|agency=Tribune News Service}}
18. ^{{Cite journal|last=Merchant|first=Ameen|date=1995|title=Being Shabana Azmi|url=https://digital.lib.sfu.ca/rungh-820/rungh-south-asian-quarterly-culture-comment-and-criticism-32-1995-page-5|journal=Rungh - A South Asian Quarterly of Culture, Comment and Criticism|location=Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada|publisher=Rungh Cultural Society|volume=3|pages=5-9|issn=1188-9950|via=https://digital.lib.sfu.ca/rungh-820/rungh-south-asian-quarterly-culture-comment-and-criticism-32-1995-page-5}}
19. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2001/11/14/stories/041455jr.htm |title= The Indian Muslims trial by fire |author= Rasheeda Bhagat |date= 14 November 2001 |work= The Hindu Business Line|accessdate=5 March 2010}}
20. ^{{cite news |title=Animated film to educate students on HIV|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/ml.asp?Ref=VE9JSC8yMDEwLzExLzI1I0FyMDA1MDA%3D|work=The Times of India|date=26 November 2010 |accessdate=16 December 2010 }}
21. ^http://www.hbs.edu/businesshistory/emerging-markets/pages/profile-detail.aspx?profile=sazmi
22. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite book|author1=Gulzar |author2=Nihalani, Govind |author3=Chatterjee, Saibal |title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi cinema|year=2003|publisher=Popular Prakashan|pages=524|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC&lpg=PP1&dq=Encyclopaedia%20of%20Hindi%20cinema&pg=PT548#v=onepage&q=Azmi&f=false|isbn=978-81-7991-066-5}}
23. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bfjaawards.com/legacy/pastwin/197538.htm |title=38th Annual BFJA Awards |accessdate=2010-01-14 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501183006/http://www.bfjaawards.com/legacy/pastwin/197538.htm |archivedate=1 May 2008 |df=dmy-all }}
{{cite web |url=http://www.bfjaawards.com/legacy/pastwin/198750.htm |title=50th Annual BFJA Awards |accessdate=2010-01-08 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501183013/http://www.bfjaawards.com/legacy/pastwin/198750.htm |archivedate=1 May 2008 |df=dmy-all }}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://mumbaifilmfest.com/archives_1999.php|title=Archives 1999|publisher=Mumbai Academy of the Moving Image|accessdate=8 October 2011}}
25. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bollywood/news/2010/shabana-javed-doctorate-090410.html |title= Shabana proud of her hubby Dr. Javed Akhtar|author= Arif Roomy|date= 21 March 2013 |work= The Telegraph |accessdate=21 March 2013}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://gandhifoundation.org/2006/11/14/2006-peace-award-shabana-azmi/|title=2006 Peace Award: Shabana Azmi|publisher=Gandhi Foundation|accessdate=24 February 2009}}
27. ^{{cite news |url= http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070611/asp/nation/story_7906779.asp |title= Amit degree in Gandhi hall |author= Amit Roy |date= 11 June 2007 |work= The Telegraph |accessdate=5 March 2010 |location=Calcutta, India}}
28. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.financialexpress.com/news/wef-honours-amitabh-with-crystal-award/417839/ |title= WEF honours Amitabh with Crystal Award |date= 2 February 2009 |work= The Financial Express |accessdate=5 March 2010}}
29. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=79881|title= Padma Awards|publisher=pib|date= 27 January 2013 |accessdate= 27 January 2013 }}
30. ^{{cite web|title=Shabana Azmi Javed Akhtar get UK fellowship|url= http://www.indianexpress.com/news/shabana-azmi-javed-akhtar-get-uk-fellowship/1084404/}}
31. ^{{cite web|url= http://entertainmenthttp://in.tweetwood.com/AzmiShabana/mentions/Azmi|title= Tweethood – Azmi Shabana mentioning 'Azmi'|author= Arif Roomy|date= 21 March 2013|work= The Telegraph|accessdate= 21 March 2013}}{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/teri-university-honours-shabana-azmi-anshu-jain-114020501617_1.html |title= TERI university honours Shabana Azmi, Anshu Jain |date= 5 February 2014 |work= Business Standard |accessdate= 5 February 2014}}