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词条 List of mayors of Baton Rouge, Louisiana
释义

  1. Background

  2. List of magistrates, mayors, and mayor-presidents

  3. See also

  4. References

{{Elections in Louisiana}}

The office of Mayor of Baton Rouge, Louisiana was formally created in 1846 as the chief executive of the City of Baton Rouge, Louisiana,[1] which has been the state capital of Louisiana continuously since 1849 (except for a brief time during and after the Civil War when Opelousas, Shreveport, or New Orleans held that title).

Background

Baton Rouge was granted the right to incorporate in 1817 under legislation approved by Louisiana's second governor, Jacques Villeré. The city was chartered the following year and led by a magistrate who was chosen among the popularly-elected, five-member board of selectmen.[2] Selectmen were up for election annually.[3]

Early mayors also served one-year terms.[4] The office had a two-year term in the 1880s[5] and was increased to four years in duration in 1898.[6]

The first mayoral election in 1846 was between James Cooper (who had previously served as a magistrate[6]) and John Dufrocq,[1] a Whig Party member[7] who won the balloting.[6] In 1856 another noteworthy race occurred, this time between Know Nothing mayor Joseph Monget and his Democratic challenger, Edward Cousinard;[8] after actually tying in the popular vote, the commissioners of election decided to award the election to the incumbent.[9] Cousinard later won the mayor's seat himself in the 1857 election.[6]

The city's government essentially ceased to exist for the duration of the Civil War, once the Battle of Baton Rouge had begun in 1862.[10]{{rp|250}} It was also largely stripped of influence at one point by the First Reconstruction Act, which was issued in 1867.[11]

Multiple mayoral elections during the Reconstruction Era were disputed. In 1871 Gov. Henry Clay Warmoth did what he legally could from the temporary capitol in New Orleans to briefly prop up the new African American Republican mayor,[12] who was facing an overwhelmingly Democratic-controlled board of selectmen[10]{{rp|254}}—but in 1872 Warmoth himself was facing a mounting impeachment effort and forced to broaden what remained of his support by reaching out to Democrats who had a much more solid base in Louisiana than the Republicans did; he declared the disputed 1872 election results null and void, and awarded the state's commission to the Democratic candidate.[13] Ultimately, the term essentially ended up with two separately-functioning city governments, one recognized primarily by African American and pro-Union white Republicans (including so-called "carpetbaggers" and "scalawags") and one recognized primarily by native white Democrats.[10]{{rp|253–54}} Although the term "city council" had been used on occasion before,[14] the board of selectmen really seems to have begun transitioning over to the use of the term under the Republican mayor that year,[15] perhaps in anticipation of needing to differentiate it from the competing board of selectmen that the Democrats were in the process of setting up (the board finally formally adopted the title "city council" in 1874[16]). The Republicans had shown improvements in their organizational efforts (and electoral strength in general) by being able to win the 1872 election without Warmoth's help—and then by holding a share of the government for the duration of the term. While the Democratic mayor, James Elam, had been willing to fight to hang on to his seat in 1871 and 1872, he either determined that he had no chance at the ballot box in the 1873 annual municipal elections or he simply no longer felt up to the challenge any more (he did, in fact, die only several months after the scheduled election date[17]). Shortly before the election was to be held, African American state senator J. Henri Burch, a prominent area Republican, met with Elam, and they negotiated a compromise where Elam would resign his position and support new governor William Pitt Kellogg's appointment of the Republican incumbent to the mayor's seat—along with three Republicans and three Democrats to the city council (as selected by a conference committee).[18] This compromise was largely acceptable to both sides (very rare for Reconstruction), although a rogue faction of the Democrats did attempt to hold their own election for the council (which failed to draw many to the polls and apparently quickly faded away).[19]

After making it through 1873 relatively peacefully, Kellogg also appointed the mayor in 1874.[10]{{rp|255}} The Republicans did win a municipal election in their own right in 1875, but in 1876 the Democrats were able to use various forms of intimidation, including by former members of the old Knights of the White Camelia, to regain the mayor's seat[20]{{rp|224}} for the first of 28 consecutive Democratic chief executives.

In 1914 the city began using a city commission government under then-mayor Alex Grouchy, Jr.[2] (it had already been in the works before the sudden death of Mayor Jules Roux the year before).[21] In 1949 the governments of the city and the Parish of East Baton Rouge were largely consolidated under then-mayor S. Powers Higginbotham,[22] and in 1982 they were fully merged into a single governing body (similar to a consolidated city-county, although the municipalities of Baker, Central, and Zachary remain self-governing). At that time, the title of "mayor" changed to "mayor-president,"[23] being that they were now both mayor of Baton Rouge and president of East Baton Rouge Parish. Indeed, three recent mayor-presidents resided in Baker or Zachary at the time of their elections, giving them the distinction of serving as mayor of Baton Rouge without actually living there.

No families have dominated the office over the years, although Baton Rouge's longest-serving mayor—Wade Bynum (24 years over two periods of time)[9]—did replace his brother Turner Bynum after he died in office,[24] and Mary Webb was later appointed by the city council to complete the term of her late husband, Jesse Webb, Jr.[25] Although most of Baton Rouge's mayors have been white male Democrats, the last four mayor-presidents have included multiple Republicans and African Americans, as well as a woman. The current mayor-president is Sharon Weston Broome.

List of magistrates, mayors, and mayor-presidents

Below is a list of Baton Rouge's chief executives—magistrates from 1818 to 1846,[26][2] mayors from 1846 to 1949, and mayor-presidents from 1949 to present. The town magistrate was an appointive office, determined from within the elected five-member board of selectmen.[2] All city mayors and city-parish mayor-presidents were otherwise popularly elected, unless specified below.

No. Mayor Term start Term end Party Note
1 William Williams 1818 1820 first magistrate
2 Francois "Palo" Gardere 1820 1821
3 William Williams 1821 1822
4 William Wykoff, Jr. 1822 1823
5 Jason Candee 1823 1824
6 Bartholomew Beauregard 1824 1828
7 William Grivet 1828 1829
8 William R. Willis 1829 1832
9 John Reid 1832 1833
10 William R. Willis 1833 1834
11 P. A. Walker 1834 1835
12 Raphael Legendre 1835 1836
13 Stephen Henderson, Jr. 1836 1836[16] resigned[16]
14 Raphael Legendre 1836 1838
15 William Gil, Sr. 1838 1839
16 James Cooper 1839 1843
17 Abel Waddill 1843 1844
18 James Cooper 1844 1845
19 John Reid 1845 1846 final magistrate
20 John Robert Dufrocq 1846 1855Whig[7] first mayor;[6] 1854: re-elected unopposed[27]
21 Joseph Monget 1855 1857Know Nothing[8] 1856: appointed, by commissioners of election, due to election resulting in a tie vote of 223–223[9]
22 Edward Cousinard 1857 1859Democratic[8]
23 James Essex Mason Elam 1859 1862Democratic
24 Benjamin Frankin Bryan 1862 1862Democratic resigned, due to Battle of Baton Rouge[9]
25 Jordan Holt 1862 1865Democratic[28][9] 1863–1865: city administered by Union occupation troops, rather than by municipal government;[10]{{rp>250}} 1865: reappointed, by Gov. J. Madison Wells; resigned, to serve in Louisiana House of Representatives[9]
26 James Essex Mason Elam 1865 1869Democratic[10]{{rp|251–52}}[10]{{rp>251}} 1867: election canceled, due to order by Gen. Philip Sheridan[10]{{rp|252}} in accordance with the implementation of the First Reconstruction Act[11]
27 Oliver P. Skolfield 1869 1870Democratic[29]
28 James Essex Mason Elam 1870 1871Democratic[10]{{rp|253}}
29 Loyeau Berhel 1871 1871Republican[10]{{rp|253}}[12] but was eventually removed after charges of voting irregularities upheld by Democratic-controlled electoral investigative committee;[10]{{rp>254}} first African American mayor; first Republican mayor[10]{{rp|253}}
30 James Essex Mason Elam 1871 1872Democratic[10]{{rp>254}}
31 * Henry Schorten 1872 1876Republican[30][15] and remained in office after charges of voting irregularities dismissed by Democratic-controlled electoral investigating committee;[10]{{rp>254}} 1873: appointed, by Gov. William Pitt Kellogg; 1874: reappointed, by Kellogg;[10]{{rp|255}} first white Republican mayor; first Republican mayor to serve full term
32 * Jordan Holt 1872 1872Democratic acting mayor;[15] after his and Democratic-controlled Board of Selectmen's endorsement of petition signed by prominent local citizens, election results were voided, by Warmoth[31]
33 * James Essex Mason Elam 1872 1873Democratic[30] commissioned to assume office, by Warmoth;[13] resigned, due to the creation of the bipartisan "compromise list of candidates for the city government" for Kellogg to appoint[18]
34 Leon Jastremski 1876 1882Democratic[10]{{rp|256}}
35 Joseph C. Charrotte 1882 1883Democratic died in office[6]
36 John J. Wax 1883 1883Democratic acting mayor[26]
37 William S. Booth 1883 1884Democratic
38 Gustavus L. "Gus" Vay 1884 1888Democratic
39 Benjamin Franklin Bryan 1888 1890Democratic
40 Gustavus "Gus" L. Vay 1890 1894Democratic
41 Benjamin Franklin Bryan 1894 1896Democratic[32]
42 John J. Wax 1896 1898Democratic
43 Robert A. Hart 1898 1902Democratic
44 Robert L. Pruyn 1902 1902Democratic resigned, due to commitments of his building contractor business[33]
45 Benjamin Raphael "Ben" Mayer, Sr. 1902 1903Democratic acting mayor;[34][26] first known Jewish mayor[35]
46 Wade Hampton Bynum 1903 1910Democratic longest-serving mayor (also served 1923–41)
47 Jules Roux 1910 1913Democratic died in office[6]
48 Isidore Larguier III 1913 1913Democratic acting mayor[36][26]
49 Alex Grouchy, Jr. 1913 1922Democratic 1913: appointed, by city council[37]
50 Turner Bynum 1922 1922Democratic died in office[6]
51 Louis J. Ricaud 1922 1923Democratic acting mayor[2][26]
52 Wade Hampton Bynum 1923 1941Democratic longest-serving mayor (also served 1903–10)
53 Frederick Saugrain "Fred" LeBlanc, Sr. 1941 1944Democratic resigned, to serve as Louisiana Attorney General[38]
54 Sargent Powers Higginbotham 1944 1953Democratic 1944: appointed, by Gov. Jimmie Davis;[38] final mayor; 1949: first mayor-president[22]
55 Jesse Lynn Webb, Jr. 1953 1956Democratic died in office[25]
56 Frank J. McConnell 1956 1956Democratic acting mayor[39][26]
57 Mary Estus Jones Webb 1956 1957Democratic appointed, by city council; first female mayor[25]
58 John "Jack" Christian 1957 1965Democratic
59 Woodrow Wilson "Woody" Dumas 1965 1981Democratic resident of Baker at time of election
60 James Patrick "Pat" Screen, Jr. 1981 1989Democratic
61Thomas Edward "Tom Ed" McHugh19892001Democraticresident of Zachary at time of election; changed party affiliation to Republican in 1995;[40] first Republican mayor since Reconstruction Era
Republican
62 Bobby Ray Simpson 2001 2005Republican mayor of Baker at time of election
63 Melvin Lee "Kip" Holden 2005 2017Democratic first African American mayor to serve full term; first Democratic African American mayor
64 Sharon Weston Broome 2017 PresentDemocratic first elected female mayor; first female African American mayor

Note: an asterisk denotes that the 1872–73 mayoral term featured two competing claims to the title, one from a Republican-controlled city government led by Henry Schorten and one from a Democratic-controlled city government led by Jordan Holt and, later, James Essex Mason Elam; for what it is worth, Schorten physically occupied the actual mayor's chair in the city hall,[41] effectively making the Holt and Elam administrations a rump government.

See also

  • Timeline of Baton Rouge, Louisiana

References

1. ^1 {{cite web|title=Municipal Elections: To Take Place In April Next|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/page/v2%3A138FFFA98DD25010%40EANX-13A621F9E5A8BA95%402395381-13A4DD1770901325%401?p=AMNEWS&drefer=image%2Fv2%3A138FFFA98DD25010%40EANX-13A621F9E5A8BA95%402395381-13A4DD1770901325%401-13A4DD1770901325%40|work=Baton Rouge Democratic Advocate (p. 2)|date=March 25, 1846}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=Baton Rouge Has Had Rapid Growth In Past Centry|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/v2%3A138FFE8785E79426%40EANX-13D58A392E985C3B%402426844-13D106AF12610CB4%4071-13D106AF12610CB4%40?p=AMNEWS&hlterms=%22Baton+Rouge+Has%22|work=Baton Rouge State–Times (p. 71)|date=May 16, 1932}}
3. ^{{cite web|author=Ernest Gueymard|date=June 28, 1976|title=Gueymard Notebook: Early BR 'City Father'|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/v2%3A138FFE8785E79426%40EANX-13F59C08551F8A7E%402442958-13F599CFE4C8C73D%402-13F599CFE4C8C73D%40?p=AMNEWS&hlterms=%22Gueymard+Notebook%22|work=Baton Rouge State–Times (sec. A, p. 3)}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Mayor's Proclamation: Mayor's Office, City Of Baton Rouge, March 24th, 1866 (I)|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/v2%3A138FFECC909AB153%40EANX-13A2DB03F3B34D81%402402687-13A0D7B8EAA34885%401?p=AMNEWS&drefer=image%2Fv2%3A138FFECC909AB153%40EANX-13A2DB03F3B34D81%402402687-13A0D7B8EAA34885%401-13A0D7B8EAA34885%40&origin=image%252Fpage%252Fv2%253A138FFECC909AB153%2540EANX-13A2DB03F3B34D81%25402402687-13A0D7B8E704ECAF%25400|work=Baton Rouge Tri-Weekly Advocate (p. 2)|date=March 26, 1866}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Death of Mayor Charrotte|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/page/v2%3A138FFECC909AB153%40EANX-13A523850EC3B7D8%402409099-13A3777E24F52F3D%401?p=AMNEWS&drefer=image%2Fv2%3A138FFECC909AB153%40EANX-13A523850EC3B7D8%402409099-13A3777E2A50057A%402-13A3777E2A50057A%40|work=Baton Rouge Daily Capitolian–Advocate (p. 2)|date=October 15, 1883}}
6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite work|author=Evelyn Martindale Thom|date=1967|title=Baton Rouge Story: An Historical Sketch of Louisiana's Capital City|publisher=Baton Rouge Foundation for Historical Louisiana, Inc. (p. 19)}}
7. ^1 {{cite web|title=Telegraphed to the New Orleans Picayune: Baton Rouge Mayor|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/v2%3A1223BCE5B718A166%40EANX-1226C455EC6C19D0%402397586-122470D6F6A263A0%400-12468B0B93397D3E%40The%2BSteamship%2BYacht?p=AMNEWS|work=New Orleans Daily Picayune (p. 1)|date=April 7, 1852}}
8. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Things About Town: Municipal Election|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/v2%3A138FFECC909AB153%40EANX-13A2CF9591F4B263%402399045-13A0D7A38A1D4B31%401-13A0D7A38A1D4B31%40?p=AMNEWS&hlterms=Monget|work=Baton Rouge Daily Advocate (p. 2)|date=April 5, 1856}}
9. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|author=Ernest Gueymard|date=September 22, 1980|title=Gueymard Notebook: Bynum was Mayor longest|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/v2%3A138FFE8785E79426%40EANX-147C5CA13657D864%402444505-147C564C364BADF1%402-147C564C364BADF1%40?p=AMNEWS&hlterms=%22Bynum+was+Mayor+longest%22|work=Baton Rouge State–Times (sec. A, p. 3)}}
10. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 {{cite work|editors=Mark T. Carleton, Perry H. Howard, and Joseph B. Parker|date=1975|title=Readings in Louisiana Politics|publisher=Claitor's Publishing Division}}
11. ^1 {{cite web|title=The Situation|url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86079096/1867-03-23/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1867&sort=date&rows=20&words=SHERIDAN&searchType=basic&sequence=0&index=0&state=Louisiana&date2=1867&proxtext=Sheridan&y=10&x=9&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=2|work=Port Allen (La.) Sugar Planter (p. 2)|date=March 23, 1867}}
12. ^1 {{cite web|title=Why dont (sic) you choose good men from your own race, and run them for office instead of putting these carpet baggers in all the offices|url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83016630/1871-04-23/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1871&sort=date&date2=1871&words=Berhel&searchType=basic&sequence=0&index=1&state=Louisiana&rows=20&proxtext=Berhel&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1|work=New Orleans Louisianian (p. 2)|date=April 23, 1871}}
13. ^1 {{cite web|title=The City Council: Official Proceedings—Mayor's Office, City Of Baton Rouge, April, 24, 1872|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/page/v2%3A138FFFA98DD25010%40EANX-13A70F1A66BD7E6D%402404911-13A4DD09E53A70F0%402?p=AMNEWS&drefer=image%2Fv2%3A138FFFA98DD25010%40EANX-13A70F1A66BD7E6D%402404911-13A4DD09E1D8F5D8%400|work=Baton Rouge Weekly Advocate (p. 3)|date=April 27, 1872}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=The following Ordinances were presented at the last regular meeting of the City Council, but there not being a full meeting, no action was taken on them|url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=AMNEWS&t=&sort=YMD_date%3AD&maxresults=20&f=advanced&val-base-0=%22City%20Council%22&fld-base-0=alltext&bln-base-1=and&val-base-1=March%2025%2C%201860&fld-base-1=YMD_date&docref=image/v2%3A138FFFA98DD25010%40EANX-13A6269AC1ACAAA1%402400495-13A4DD125FD8E66D%400-13A4DD125FD8E66D%40|work=Baton Rouge Weekly Advocate|date=March 25, 1860}}
15. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=The City Council: Official Proceedings—Mayor's Office, City Of Baton Rouge, April, 13, 1872|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/page/v2%3A138FFFA98DD25010%40EANX-13A70F1919F04820%402404904-13A4DD09DDFD2465%402?p=AMNEWS&drefer=image%2Fv2%3A138FFFA98DD25010%40EANX-13A70F1919F04820%402404904-13A4DD09D9E5BB27%400|work=Baton Rouge Weekly Advocate (p. 3)|date=April 20, 1872}}
16. ^1 2 {{cite web|author=Charles East|date=November 14, 1956|title=BR Mayors Are Forgotten Men: First to Hold Title Was Dufrocq; Magistrates Served Earlier|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/v2%3A138FFE8785E79426%40EANX-13D9EB87D4AA730F%402435792-13D7DB1ECD33DCD6%4028-13D7DB1ECD33DCD6%40?p=AMNEWS&hlterms=%22Town+Magistrates%22|work=Baton Rouge State–Times (sec. B, p. 13)}}
17. ^{{cite web|title=Notice|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/page/v2%3A1223BCE5B718A166%40EANX-122729001F556878%402405372-1225CD9E9922E408%403-123FE4FCBADAB385%40%255BDispatches%253B%2BHon.%2BJames%2BE.%2BElam%253B%2BBaton%2BRough%253B%2BUniversally%255D?p=AMNEWS|work=New Orleans Daily Picayune (p. 5)|date=August 1, 1873}}
18. ^1 {{cite web|title=Peace In Baton Rouge: The Lion and the Lamb Lie Down Together—Practical Compromise and Happy Results|url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83016555/1873-04-03/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1873&sort=date&date2=1873&words=El%2CAM+Elam&searchType=basic&sequence=0&index=2&state=Louisiana&rows=20&proxtext=elam&y=7&x=20&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=2|work=New Orleans Republican (p. 1)|date=April 3, 1873}}
19. ^{{cite web|title=Communicated: That Baton Rouge Election|url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83016555/1873-04-10/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1873&sort=date&date2=1873&words=Elam&searchType=basic&sequence=0&index=3&state=Louisiana&rows=20&proxtext=elam&y=7&x=20&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=2|work=New Orleans Republican (p. 1)|date=April 10, 1873}}
20. ^{{cite web|author=Mark F. Bielski|date=2016|title=Sons of the White Eagle in the American Civil War: Divided Poles in a Divided Nation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0H1JDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA224&dq=%22hostilities+were+over+and+he+at+least+had+seen+his+family.%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjqnOLVnZnZAhWi8oMKHWChATMQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=%22hostilities%20were%20over%20and%20he%20at%20least%20had%20seen%20his%20family.%22&f=false|publisher=Casemate Publishers|isbn=978-1-61200-358-0}}
21. ^{{cite web|title=Have You Voted On Commission Government? Baton Rouge is Holding An Election to Change Its Form Government|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/v2%3A138FFE8785E79426%40EANX-13A811A1F825ABA8%402419901-13A7BA20246AEE5A%400?p=AMNEWS&drefer=image%2Fv2%3A138FFE8785E79426%40EANX-13A811A1F825ABA8%402419901-13A7BA20246AEE5A%400-13A7BA20246AEE5A%40&origin=image%252Fv2%253A138FFE8785E79426%2540EANX-13A811A1F825ABA8%25402419901-13A7BA2025DB73C0%25401|work=Baton Rouge New Advocate (p. 1)|date=May 13, 1913}}
22. ^1 {{cite web|title=Higginbotham Makes History As First Mayor-President|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/v2%3A138FFE8785E79426%40EANX-13D68F6955AEC7E9%402432918-13D3FC26F201DD80%4046-13D3FC26F201DD80%40?p=AMNEWS&hlterms=%22Higginbotham+Makes+History%22|work=Baton Rouge State–Times (sec. B, p. 25)|date=January 1, 1949}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://brgov.com/govt/ |title=Baton Rouge Government |publisher=Baton Rouge Government |work=City-Parish Government |accessdate=July 27, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728100632/http://brgov.com/govt/ |archivedate=July 28, 2013 |df= }}
24. ^{{cite web|title=Wade Bynum To Run For Mayor Of Baton Rouge: Yields to Unanimous Urging for Him to Offer His Services—Means There'll Be No Local Fight—Mr. Bynum is Acceptable to All Shades of Political Opinion|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/v2%3A138FFE8785E79426%40EANX-13B593870E538FD9%402423418-13B2F9949E383B5B%400-13B2F9949E383B5B%40?p=AMNEWS&hlterms=%22Wade+H.+Bynum%22|work=Baton Rouge State–Times (p. 1)|date=December 29, 1922}}
25. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Mrs. Webb Will Serve As Mayor: Widow of Plane Crash Victim Agrees to Finish His Unexpired Term; Appointment Offered by Council|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/v2%3A138FFE8785E79426%40EANX-13D9E557B66FBF06%402435599-13D7DB2DD3B6FF80%400-13D7DB2DD3B6FF80%40?p=AMNEWS&hlterms=%22Widow+of+Plane+Crash%22|work=Baton Rouge State–Times (sec. A, p. 1)|date=May 5, 1956}}
26. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|author=Ernest Gueymard|date=October 26, 1981|title=Gueymard notebook: Names of Baton Rouge's 'lost' mayors are discovered|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/v2%3A138FFE8785E79426%40EANX-147C19A882520249%402444904-147C161E91522322%4016-147C161E91522322%40?p=AMNEWS&hlterms=%22Names+of+Baton+Rouge%27s%22|work=Baton Rouge State–Times (sec. B, p. 3)}}
27. ^{{cite web|title=The Gazette, of this morning, gives the following as the result of the Municipal Election which came off yesterday|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/v2%3A138FFECC909AB153%40EANX-13A28437F1776037%402398313-13A0D7D01AF7578C%401-13A0D7D01AF7578C%40?p=AMNEWS&hlterms=Dufrocq|work=Baton Rouge Daily Advocate (p. 2)|date=April 4, 1854}}
28. ^{{cite web|title=The Election|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/v2%3A1223BCE5B718A166%40EANX-1225CC31ECCC46E8%402402551-1224809CC593E310%408-123A58D08BF5D5DF%40No%2BHeadline?p=AMNEWS|work=New Orleans Daily Picayune (p. 9)|date=November 10, 1865}}
29. ^{{cite web|title=O. P. Skofield, Esq., has been elected Mayor of Baton Rouge|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/22716169/|work=Galveston Daily News (p. 3)|date=April 24, 1869}}
30. ^1 {{cite web|title=At a municipal election, for Mayor, held in Baton Rouge, on the 8th inst.|url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86079077/1872-04-20/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1872&sort=date&date2=1872&words=Elam&searchType=basic&sequence=0&index=12&state=Louisiana&rows=20&proxtext=elam&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1|work=Opelousas (La.) Journal (p. 2)|date=April 20, 1872}}
31. ^{{cite web|author=Charles East|date=November 15, 1956|title=Some of Mayors Were Colorful Figures|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/v2%3A138FFE8785E79426%40EANX-13D9EB888BF3AC4F%402435793-13D7DB205F9EE150%4029-13D7DB205F9EE150%40?p=AMNEWS&hlterms=%22Alex+Grouchy%22|work=Baton Rouge State–Times (sec. C, p. 6)}}
32. ^{{cite web|title=City Democratic Ticket|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/v2%3A138FFECC909AB153%40EANX-13A613B15589D300%402412906-13A526F15014F87A%401-13A526F15014F87A%40?p=AMNEWS&hlterms=bryan%3B+mayor|work=Baton Rouge Daily Advocate (p. 2)|date=March 18, 1894}}
33. ^{{cite web|title=Latest News In Louisiana: Mayor Pruyn Resigns-Big Real Estate Deal-Railway From Donaldsonville to Napoleonville|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/v2%3A1223BCE5B718A166%40EANX-12326466D33E29A8%402416108-12305D87773725A8%4011-125BA2DB5A5A2E98%40Latest%2BNews%2BIn%2BLouisiana%252C%2BTallulah%2BMade%2Ba%2BVillage%2Band%2BGueydan%2Ba%2BTown%252C%2BWith%2BOfficers.%2BNew?p=AMNEWS|work=New Orleans Daily Picayune (p. 12)|date=December 24, 1902}}
34. ^{{cite web|title=The City Council|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/v2%3A138FFFA98DD25010%40EANX-13A765AC1274C46E%402416160-13A4DCF796841B5A%400-13A4DCF796841B5A%40?p=AMNEWS&hlterms=%22South+Boulevard+streets%22|work=Baton Rouge Weekly Advocate (p. 1)|date=February 14, 1903}}
35. ^{{cite web|title=Distinguished Citizen Passed Away Sunday: Ben R. Mayer Died Suddenly at 7:30 O'clock After Attack of Indigestion—Long Prominent Baton Rougean—Funeral Takes Place This Afternoon, 6 O'clock, from Family Residence|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/v2%3A138FFE8785E79426%40EANX-13A9673644F3F93F%402420257-13A7BA39A0A06085%400-13A7BA39A0A06085%40?p=AMNEWS&hlterms=%22Citizen+Passed%22|work=Baton Rouge State–Times (p. 1)|date=May 4, 1914}}
36. ^{{cite web|title=City Mourns Death of Jules Roux And Pays Last Tribute Of Respect To His Memory: Business in General Suspended This Afternoon During the Hour of the Funeral—The Schools Close at Noon for Children to Attend in Body—State And Parish Officials Will Attend Funeral In Body—Special Train from New Orleans Brings Up Mayor Behrman and Large Party of New Orleans Friends—Many and Beautiful Floral Tributes Were Received—Telegrams Received from Over the State|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/v2%3A138FFE8785E79426%40EANX-13A811A1F825ABA8%402419901-13A7BA20246AEE5A%400?p=AMNEWS&drefer=image%2Fv2%3A138FFE8785E79426%40EANX-13A811A1F825ABA8%402419901-13A7BA20246AEE5A%400-13A7BA20246AEE5A%40&origin=image%252Fv2%253A138FFE8785E79426%2540EANX-13A811A1F825ABA8%25402419901-13A7BA2025DB73C0%25401|work=Baton Rouge New Advocate (p. 1)|date=May 13, 1913}}
37. ^{{cite web|title=Boll Weevil Need Create No Alarm: Grouchy Now Mayor|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/v2%3A1223BCE5B718A166%40EANX-122ABFFA130E0958%402419926-1228780357171648%406-124E4F9E693CD750%40Boll%2BWeevil%2BNeed%2BCreate%2BNo%2BAlarm%2BOfficial%2Bof%2BFarm%2BDemonstration%2BWork%2BTells%2BHow%2Bto%2BFight?p=AMNEWS|work=New Orleans Daily Advocate (p. 7)|date=June 7, 1913}}
38. ^1 {{cite web|title=Say Higginbotham To Be Mayor Here: Governor Noncommittal; LeBlanc Leaves Today|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/v2%3A138F0D9908AC8D5F%40EANX-13ABABB22A82E7EA%402431230-13AA135F72D899BB%400-13AA135F72D899BB%40?p=AMNEWS&hlterms=%22Say+Higginbotham%22|work=Baton Rouge Morning Advocate (sec. A, p. 1)|date=May 19, 1944}}
39. ^{{cite web|title=McConnell Is Serving as Acting Mayor: Council to Appoint Mayor-President Under Charter Terms|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/v2%3A138F0D9908AC8D5F%40EANX-13ACFCB64673F532%402435593-13AC0E5C450780C0%400-13AC0E5C450780C0%40?p=AMNEWS&hlterms=%22McConnell+Is%22|work=Baton Rouge Morning Advocate (sec. A, p. 1)|date=April 29, 1956}}
40. ^{{cite web|author=Jack Wardlaw|date=January 4, 1995|title=B.R. Mayor Announces Move To Republican Party|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/news/0FA5C32D5BB0E585?p=AMNEWS|work=New Orleans Times–Picayune (sec. B, p. 8)}}
41. ^{{cite web|title=Local Brevities|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/image/v2%3A138FFFA98DD25010%40EANX-13A70F1919F04820%402404904-13A4DD09DDFD2465%402?p=AMNEWS&drefer=image%2Fv2%3A138FFFA98DD25010%40EANX-13A70F1919F04820%402404904-13A4DD09D9E5BB27%400&origin=image%252Fv2%253A138FFFA98DD25010%2540EANX-13A70F1919F04820%25402404904-13A4DD09E037FE55%25403|work=Baton Rouge Weekly Advocate (p. 3)|date=April 20, 1872}}

4 : Mayors of Baton Rouge, Louisiana|Baton Rouge metropolitan area|People from Baton Rouge, Louisiana|Lists of mayors of places in Louisiana
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