The following is a list of prominent Jewish astronomers of the Middle Ages, with the approximate periods of their activity, arranged in alphabetical order of first names.
| Name | Date | Known for | | Abraham de Balmes | 1523 }} died 1523 | Translator |
| Abraham ibn Ezra | 1168}} 1093-1168 |
| Abraham bar Hiyya Ha-Nasi | 1130}} 1130 |
| Abraham of Toledo | 1278}} 1278 |
| Abraham Zacuto ben Samuel | 1550}} 16th century |
| Andruzagar ben Zadi Faruch | 850}} 9th century |
| Augustinius Ricius | 1521}} 1521 |
| Baruch Sklow | 1777}} c. 1777 |
| Baruch ben Solomon ben Joab | 1457}} 1457 |
| Bianchino | 1450}} 15th century |
| Bonet de Lattes | 1506}} 1506 |
| Caleb Afendopolo | 1450}} 15th century |
| David Gans | 1613}} died 1613 |
| David Kalonymus ben Jacob | 1464}} 1464 |
| David ibn Nahmias | }} |
| David Nieto | 1728}} died 1728 |
| Dayyan Ḥasan | 972}} 972 |
| Elijah Mizrachi | 1526}} died 1526 |
| Emanuel ben Jacob | 1365}} 1346-65 |
| Ephraim Mizraḥi | }} |
| Farissol Moses Botarel | 1465}} 1465 |
| Hananeel ben Ḥushiel | 1020}} died 1020? |
| Ḥayyim Lisker | 1636}} 1612-36 |
| Ḥayyim Vital Calabrese | 1620}} died 1620 |
| Isaac ben Aaron | 1368}} 1368 |
| Isaac Abu al-Khair ben Samuel | 1340}} 1340 |
| Isaac Albalia ben Baruch | 1094}} 1035-94 |
| Isaac ibn al-Ḥadib | 1370}} 1370 |
| Isaac Israeli ben Joseph | 1330}} 1310-30 |
| Isaac ben Meir Spira | }} |
| Isaac ben Moses Efodaeus, Proflat Duran | 1403}} 1392-1403 |
| Isaac ibn Sid | 1252}} 1252 |
| Israel Lyons | 1775}} died 1775 |
| Israel Samose | 1772}} died 1772 |
| Jacob Anatoli | 1232}} 1232 |
| Jacob Carsi (Jacob al-Corsono ben Abi Abraham Isaac) | 1376}} 1376 |
| Jacob ben David ben Yom-Ṭob Poel | 1361}} 1361 |
| Jacob ben Elia | }} |
| Jacob ben Judah Cabret | 1382}} 1382 |
| Jacob ben Makir, Proflat Tibbon | 1303}} 1289-1303 |
| Jacob ben Samson | 1142}} 1123-42 |
| Jacob ben Tarik | 777}} 777 | Said to have founded a school of astrology and astronomy in Baghdad |
| Jeremiah Cohen of Palermo | 1486}} 1486 |
| Joseph ben Eleazar | 1350}} 14th century |
| Joseph ben Isaac ben Moses ibn Wakkar | 1357}} c. 1357 |
| Joseph ben Israeli ben Isaac | 1331}} died 1331 |
| Joseph ibn Nahmias | 1330}} 1300-30 |
| Joseph Parsi | }} |
| Joseph Taytazak | 1520}} c. 1520 |
| Judah Farissol | 1499}} 1499 |
| Judah ha-Levi | 1140}} 1140 |
| Judah ben Israeli | 1339}} 1339 |
| Judah ben Moses Cohen | 1256}} 1256 |
| Judah ben Rakufial | 1130}} before 1130 |
| Judah ben Samuel Shalom | 1450}} 15th century |
| Judah ben Solomon Cohen | 1247}} 1247 |
| Judah ibn Verga | 1457}} 1457 |
| Kalonymus ben David of Naples | 1528}} 1528 |
| Kalonymus ben Kalonymus | 1328}} 1286-1328 |
| Levi ben Abraham ben Ḥayyim | 1316}} 1299-1316 |
| Levi ben Gershon (Gersonides) | 1344}} 1327-44 |
| Maimon of Montpellier. | }} |
| Manoah ben Shemariyah | 1612}} died 1612 |
| Mashallah | 813}} 754-813 |
| Mattathia Delacrut | 1550}} c. 1530-50 |
| Meier Neumark | 1703}} 1703 |
| Meir Spira | 1350}} 14th century? |
| Menahem (Emanuel) Zion Porto | 1640}} 1636-40 |
| Meshullam Kalonymus | }} |
| Mordecai Comtino | 1485}} 1460-85 |
| Mordecai Finzi | 1446}} 1440-46 |
| Moses ben Abraham (Nismes) | }} |
| Moses Almosnino | 1580}} died c. 1580 |
| Moses Galeno ben Elia | 1550}} 16th century |
| Moses Goli ben Judah | }} |
| Moses Ḥandali | }} |
| Moses Isserles | 1573}} died 1573 |
| Moses ibn Tibbon | 1274}} 1244-74 |
| Nathan Hamati ben Eliezer | 1283}} 1279-83 |
| Raphael Leki Hannover | 1734}} 1734 |
| Sahl (Rabban) al-Ṭabari | 800}} 800 |
| Samuel ibn Abbas ben Judah | 1163}} 1163 |
| Samuel Abulafia | 1278}} 1278 |
| Samuel Ha-Levi | 1284}} 1280-84 |
| Samuel ben Judah of Marseilles | 1331}} 1331 |
| Shalom ben Joseph | 1460}} 1450-60 |
| Shalom ben Solomon Yerushalmi | 1487}} 1482-87 |
| Shabbethai Donnolo | 982}} 913-982 |
| Sheshet ben Isaac ben Gerundi | 1320}} 1320 |
| Sind ben Ali | 833}} 829-833 |
| Solomon Abigdor ben Abraham | 1399}} 1399 |
| Solomon Davin of Rodez | 1350}} 14th century |
| Solomon ben Elijah | 1386}} 1344-86 |
| Solomon Esobi (Azubius) | 1633}} 1633 |
| Solomon ben Moses Melgueil | 1250}} 1250 |
| Solomon ibn Pater Cohen of Burgos | 1322}} 1322 |
| Solomon Shalom ben Moses | 1486}} 1441-86 |
| Tobias Cohen | 1708}} 1708 |