“List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条	List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft
释义	List of minor planets visited by spacecraft List of comets visited by spacecraft Spacecraft visited by comets Planned visits List of minor planets targeted for spacecraft visitation Proposals Past Recent See also References {{short description\|Wikimedia list article}} The following tables list all minor planets and comets that have been visited by robotic spacecraft.	{{nts\|35}}	0.07	first "close up" picture of Ceres taken in December 2014; probe entered orbit in March 2015; first dwarf planet visited by a spacecraft, largest asteroid visited by a spacecraft
000004\|4 Vesta}}		{{sort\|529\|529}}	1807	Dawn	2011–2012	{{nts\|200}}{{longitem\|approx.\|style=line-height: 80%; font-size: 0.8em;}}	0.76	space probe broke orbit on 5 September 2012 and headed to Ceres; first "big four" asteroid visited by a spacecraft, largest asteroid visited by a spacecraft at the time
000021\|21 Lutetia}}		{{sort\|100\|120×100×75}} {{small\|(100 km)}}	1852	Rosetta	2010	{{nts\|3,162}}	64.9	flyby on 10 July 2010; largest asteroid visited by a spacecraft at the time
000243\|243 Ida}}		{{sort\|033.67\|56×24×21}} {{small\|(28 km)}}	1884	Galileo	1993	{{nts\|2,390}}	152	flyby; discovered Dactyl; first asteroid with a moon visited by a spacecraft, largest asteroid visited by spacecraft at the time
000253\|253 Mathilde}}		{{sort\|053.33\|66×48×46}} {{small\|(58 km)}}	1885	NEAR Shoemaker	1997	{{nts\|1,212}}	49.5	flyby; largest asteroid visited by a spacecraft at the time
000433\|433 Eros}}		{{sort\|019.67\|34×11×11}} {{small\|(23 km)}}	1898	NEAR Shoemaker	1998–2001	landed	landed	1998 flyby; 2000 orbited (first asteroid studied from orbit); 2001 landing; first asteroid landing, first asteroid orbited by a spacecraft, first near-Earth asteroid (NEA) visited by a spacecraft
000951\|951 Gaspra}}		{{sort\|012.53\|18.2×10.5×8.9}} {{small\|(12.2 km)}}	1916	Galileo	1991	{{nts\|1,600}}	262	flyby; first asteroid visited by a spacecraft
004179\|4179 Toutatis}}		{{sort\|002.45\|2.45}}	1934	Chang'e 2	2012	{{nts\|3.2}}	0.70	flyby;^[1] closest asteroid flyby, first asteroid visited by a Chinese probe
005535\|5535 Annefrank}}		{{sort\|004\|4.0}}	1942	Stardust	2002	{{nts\|3,079}}	1230	flyby
002867\|2867 Šteins}}		{{sort\|004.6\|4.6}}	1969	Rosetta	2008	{{nts\|800}}	302	flyby; first asteroid visited by the ESA
009969\|9969 Braille}}		{{sort\|001.4\|2.2×0.6}} {{small\|(1.6 km)}}	1992	{{nowrap>Deep Space 1}}	1999	{{nts\|26}}	12.7	flyby; followed by flyby of Comet Borrelly; failure, missed it during flyby
025143\|25143 Itokawa}}		{{sort\|0.333\|0.5×0.3×0.2}} {{small\|(350 meters)}}	1998	Hayabusa	2005	landed	landed	landed; returned dust samples to Earth in 2010 - first sample return mission from asteroid; smallest asteroid visited by a spacecraft, first asteroid visited by a non-NASA spacecraft
101955\|101955 Bennu}}		{{sort\|0.492\|0.492}}	1999	OSIRIS-REx	{{sort\|2018.6\|2018-present}}	1.6	3.25	arrived on 3 December 2018; smallest object to be orbited by spacecraft^[2]
134340\|134340 Pluto}}		{{sort\|2376\|2,376}}	1930	New Horizons	{{sort\|2015.2\|2015}}	{{nts\|12500\|12,500}}	10.5	flyby; first trans-Neptunian object visited, most distant object visited by a spacecraft (at the time of the visit)
162173\|162173 Ryugu}}		{{sort\|0.865\|0.865}}	1999	Hayabusa2	{{sort\|2018.1\|2018-present}}	0.055	0.13	expected to stay at asteroid from July 2018 to December 2019. Several touchdowns planned to collect samples. Two landers successfully deployed to the surface. ^[3] Two further landers and an explosive impactor will also be deployed.
486958\|{{mpl\|486958\|2014 MU\|69}}}}		{{sort\|31.7\|31.7}}	2014	New Horizons	2019	3,500	350	Flew by "Ultima Thule" on 1 January 2019, currently farthest object to be visited by a spacecraft.
Notes: ^a A minor planet's dimensions may be described by x, y, and z axes instead of an (average) diameter due to its non-spherical, irregular shape. ^b Closest approach given in multiples of the minor planet's mean radius {{·}} Default order of list: by the minor planet's designation, ascending.

词条

List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft

释义

List of minor planets visited by spacecraft
List of comets visited by spacecraft
Spacecraft visited by comets
Planned visits
List of minor planets targeted for spacecraft visitation
Proposals
Past Recent
See also
References

The following tables list all minor planets and comets that have been visited by robotic spacecraft.

0.07

first "close up" picture of Ceres taken in December 2014; probe entered orbit in March 2015; first dwarf planet visited by a spacecraft, largest asteroid visited by a spacecraft

000004|4 Vesta}}

1807

Dawn

2011–2012

0.76

space probe broke orbit on 5 September 2012 and headed to Ceres; first "big four" asteroid visited by a spacecraft, largest asteroid visited by a spacecraft at the time

000021|21 Lutetia}}

1852

Rosetta

2010

64.9

flyby on 10 July 2010; largest asteroid visited by a spacecraft at the time

000243|243 Ida}}

1884

Galileo

1993

152

flyby; discovered Dactyl; first asteroid with a moon visited by a spacecraft, largest asteroid visited by spacecraft at the time

000253|253 Mathilde}}

1885

NEAR Shoemaker

1997

49.5

flyby; largest asteroid visited by a spacecraft at the time

000433|433 Eros}}

1898

NEAR Shoemaker

1998–2001

landed

1998 flyby; 2000 orbited (first asteroid studied from orbit); 2001 landing; first asteroid landing, first asteroid orbited by a spacecraft, first near-Earth asteroid (NEA) visited by a spacecraft

000951|951 Gaspra}}

1916

Galileo

1991

262

flyby; first asteroid visited by a spacecraft

004179|4179 Toutatis}}

1934

Chang'e 2

2012

0.70

flyby;^[1] closest asteroid flyby, first asteroid visited by a Chinese probe

005535|5535 Annefrank}}

1942

Stardust

2002

1230

flyby

002867|2867 Šteins}}

1969

Rosetta

2008

302

flyby; first asteroid visited by the ESA

009969|9969 Braille}}

1992

1999

12.7

flyby; followed by flyby of Comet Borrelly; failure, missed it during flyby

025143|25143 Itokawa}}

1998

Hayabusa

2005

landed

landed; returned dust samples to Earth in 2010 - first sample return mission from asteroid; smallest asteroid visited by a spacecraft, first asteroid visited by a non-NASA spacecraft

101955|101955 Bennu}}

1999

OSIRIS-REx

1.6

3.25

arrived on 3 December 2018; smallest object to be orbited by spacecraft^[2]

134340|134340 Pluto}}

1930

New Horizons

10.5

flyby; first trans-Neptunian object visited, most distant object visited by a spacecraft (at the time of the visit)

162173|162173 Ryugu}}

1999

Hayabusa2

0.055

0.13

expected to stay at asteroid from July 2018 to December 2019. Several touchdowns planned to collect samples. Two landers successfully deployed to the surface. ^[3] Two further landers and an explosive impactor will also be deployed.

486958|{{mpl|486958|2014 MU|69}}}}

2014

New Horizons

2019

3,500

350

Flew by "Ultima Thule" on 1 January 2019, currently farthest object to be visited by a spacecraft.

Notes:

^a A minor planet's dimensions may be described by x, y, and z axes instead of an (average) diameter due to its non-spherical, irregular shape.

^b Closest approach given in multiples of the minor planet's mean radius
{{·}} Default order of list: by the minor planet's designation, ascending.

List of comets visited by spacecraft

Comet	Space probe
Name	Image	Dimensions (km) ^(a)	Discovery year	Name	Closest approach	Remarks
year	in km	in radii ^(b)
Giacobini–Zinner		2	1900	ICE	1985	7,800	7,800	first flyby of comet
Halley		15×9	{{small\|Known since at least 240 BC}}	Vega 1	1986	8,889	1,620	flyby
Vega 2	1986	8,030	1,460	flyby
Suisei	1986	151,000	27,450	distant flyby
Sakigake	1986	6,990,000	1,270,747	distant flyby
Giotto	1986	596	108	flyby; first direct images of a comet nucleus
Grigg–Skjellerup		2.6	1902	Giotto	1992	200	154	flyby
Borrelly		8×4×4	1904	Deep Space 1	2001	2,171	814	flyby; closest approach in September 2001 when probe entered the comet's coma^[4]
Wild 2		5.5×4.0×3.3	1978	Stardust	2004	240	113	flyby; first sample return mission from comet to Earth (2006)
Tempel 1		7.6×4.9	1867	Deep Impact	2005	500	80	flyby; delivered an impactor
Deep Impact{{'}}s impactor vehicle	2005	0	0	first landing on a comet (blasted a crater)
Stardust	2011	181	57.9	flyby; imaged the crater created by Deep Impact
Hartley 2		1.4	1986	EPOXI {{nowrap>{{small\|(was Deep Impact)}}}}	2010	700	1,000	flyby; smallest comet visited
Churyumov–Gerasimenko		4.1×3.3×1.8	1969	Rosetta	2016	0	0	first orbiter of comet (November 2014); impacted surface as of 2016; OSIRIS captured image with 11 cm/px-resolution in Spring 2015^[5]
Philae {{nowrap>{{small\|(Rosetta's lander)}}}}	2014	0	0	first soft landing on a comet (November 2014)
Notes: ^(a) Due to a non-spherical, irregular shape, a comet's x, y, and z axes instead of an (average) diameter are often used to describe its dimensions. ^(b) Closest approach given in multiples of the comet's (average mean) radius {{·}} List ordered in descending order by a comet's first visit

Comet

Space probe

Name

Image

Dimensions
(km) ^(a)

Discovery
year

Name

Closest approach

Remarks

year

in km

in radii ^(b)

Giacobini–Zinner

1900

ICE

1985

7,800

first flyby of comet

Halley

15×9

Vega 1

1986

8,889

1,620

flyby

Vega 2

1986

8,030

1,460

flyby

Suisei

1986

151,000

27,450

distant flyby

Sakigake

1986

6,990,000

1,270,747

distant flyby

Giotto

1986

596

108

flyby; first direct images of a comet nucleus

Grigg–Skjellerup

2.6

1902

Giotto

1992

200

154

flyby

Borrelly

8×4×4

1904

Deep Space 1

2001

2,171

814

flyby; closest approach in September 2001 when probe entered the comet's coma^[4]

Wild 2

5.5×4.0×3.3

1978

Stardust

2004

240

113

flyby; first sample return mission from comet to Earth (2006)

Tempel 1

7.6×4.9

1867

Deep Impact

2005

500

flyby; delivered an impactor

Deep Impact{{'}}s impactor vehicle

2005

first landing on a comet (blasted a crater)

Stardust

2011

181

57.9

flyby; imaged the crater created by Deep Impact

Hartley 2

1.4

1986

EPOXI
{{nowrap>{{small|(was Deep Impact)}}}}

2010

700

1,000

flyby; smallest comet visited

Churyumov–Gerasimenko

4.1×3.3×1.8

1969

Rosetta

2016

first orbiter of comet (November 2014); impacted surface as of 2016; OSIRIS captured image with 11 cm/px-resolution in Spring 2015^[5]

Philae
{{nowrap>{{small|(Rosetta's lander)}}}}

2014

first soft landing on a comet (November 2014)

Notes:

^(a) Due to a non-spherical, irregular shape, a comet's x, y, and z axes instead of an (average) diameter are often used to describe its dimensions.

^(b) Closest approach given in multiples of the comet's (average mean) radius
{{·}} List ordered in descending order by a comet's first visit

Spacecraft visited by comets

Comet C/2013 A1 passed close by Mars in October 2014, closer than the Moon is to Earth.^[6] As of early 2014 it was calculated to pass as close as {{convert|0.00087|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=off}}.^[6] This was so close that the event was deemed dangerous to spacecraft in orbit around Mars.^[7] Spacecraft that were active at that time included 2001 Mars Odyssey, Mars Express, MAVEN, Mars Orbiter Mission, and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter in Mars orbit – and two on the surface – Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity and the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity.

Planned visits

List of minor planets targeted for spacecraft visitation

NASA's Lucy spacecraft is scheduled to tour several Jupiter trojans and one main-belt asteroid between 2025 and 2033.

The following table lists minor planets that are planned to be visited by spacecraft.

Name	Diameter^(a) (km)	Year of discovery	Spacecraft	Agency	Year of visit	Notes
16 Psyche	186	1852	Psyche	NASA	2026	Future planned orbiting.^[8]
3200 Phaethon	5	1983	DESTINY⁺	JAXA	2026	Rock comet and parent body of Geminids meteor shower^[9]
3548 Eurybates	72	1973	Lucy	NASA	2027	Jupiter trojan, Greek camp
617 Patroclus	141	1906	2033	Jupiter trojan, Trojan camp, binary system with satellite, 5th-largest Jupiter trojan
11351 Leucus	42	1997	2028	Jupiter trojan, Greek camp, a slow rotator
15094 Polymele	21	1999	2027	Jupiter trojan, Greek camp
21900 Orus	53	1999	2028	Jupiter trojan, Greek camp
52246 Donaldjohanson	4	1981	2025	date=September 2018}}
65803 Didymos	1	1996	DART / LICIA	NASA/ASI	2022	Kinetic impact to test asteroid deflection^[10]^[11]
(153591) 2001 SN263	Triple system: 2.8 km 1.1 km 0.4 km	2001	ASTER	AEB	2022^[12]	Triple system of the Amor group
1991 VG	5\|-\|12\|m\|ft\|abbr=on\|sigfig=2\|sp=us}}	1991	NEA Scout	NASA	2022	2-year cruise; slow flyby.
^(a) given diameters are estimates Note: asteroids that come to close enough to Earth can sometimes be observed, such as 4769 Castalia. (See List of asteroid close approaches to Earth.)

Name

Diameter^(a)
(km)

Year of
discovery

Spacecraft

Agency

Year of
visit

Notes

16 Psyche

186

1852

Psyche

NASA

2026

Future planned orbiting.^[8]

3200 Phaethon

1983

DESTINY⁺

JAXA

2026

Rock comet and parent body of Geminids meteor shower^[9]

3548 Eurybates

1973

Lucy

NASA

2027

Jupiter trojan, Greek camp

617 Patroclus

141

1906

2033

Jupiter trojan, Trojan camp, binary system with satellite, 5th-largest Jupiter trojan

11351 Leucus

1997

2028

Jupiter trojan, Greek camp, a slow rotator

15094 Polymele

1999

2027

Jupiter trojan, Greek camp

21900 Orus

1999

2028

Jupiter trojan, Greek camp

52246 Donaldjohanson

1981

2025

date=September 2018}}

65803 Didymos

1996

DART / LICIA

NASA/ASI

2022

Kinetic impact to test asteroid deflection^[10]^[11]

(153591) 2001 SN263

Triple system: 2.8 km
1.1 km
0.4 km

2001

ASTER

AEB

2022^[12]

Triple system of the Amor group

1991 VG

5|-|12|m|ft|abbr=on|sigfig=2|sp=us}}

1991

NEA Scout

NASA

2022

2-year cruise; slow flyby.

^(a) given diameters are estimates

Note: asteroids that come to close enough to Earth can sometimes be observed, such as 4769 Castalia. (See List of asteroid close approaches to Earth.)

Proposals

Past

Name	Diameter (km)	Body Discovered	Spacecraft	Year	Notes
2\|}}P/Encke	4.8	1786\|1\|17}}	CONTOUR	1998	spacecraft lost while leaving Earth orbit
6\|}}P/d'Arrest	3.2	1851\|6\|28}}	CONTOUR	2008	spacecraft lost while leaving Earth orbit
73 P/Schwassmann–Wachmann	1.1 (before breakup)	1930\|5\|2}}	CONTOUR	2006	spacecraft lost while leaving Earth orbit
140\|Siwa}}	103	1874\|10\|13}}	Rosetta	2007	target changed due to launch postponement^[13]
145\|Adeona}}	151	1875\|6\|3}}	Dawn	2016	date=October 2018}}
449\|Hamburga}}	86	1899\|10\|31}}	CRAF	1998	mission cancelled
1620\|Geographos}}	5.1×1.8	1951\|9\|14}}	Clementine	1995	mission failed before retargeting
2019\|van Albada}}	7.5-9.4	1935\|9\|28}}	NEAR	1998	abandoned target
2101\|Adonis}}	0.6	1936\|2\|12}}	Vega 2	1987	secondary target insufficient fuel^[14]
2530\|Shipka}}	12.4^[15]	1978\|7\|9}}	Rosetta	2007	secondary target changed for better trajectory^[13]
2703\|Rodari}}	9^[16]	1979\|3\|29}}	Rosetta	2007	date=October 2018}} but not chosen^[13]
3352\|McAuliffe}}	2–5	1981\|2\|6}}	Deep Space 1	1998	abandoned target
3840\|Mimistrobell}}	5.2^[17]	1980\|10\|9}}	Rosetta	2007	target changed^[13]
4015\|Wilson–Harrington}}	4	1949\|11\|19}}	Deep Space 1 Hayabusa Mk2	1999 2022	mission cancelled{{cn>date=October 2018}}
4660\|Nereus}}	{{hs\|1}} ~1	1982\|2\|28}}	NEAR NEAP Hayabusa	1997	mission cancelled abandoned target{{cn>date=October 2018}}
4979\|Otawara}}	5.5	1949\|8\|2}}	Rosetta	2007	target changed due to launch postponement^[13]
(5604) 1992 FE	0.6	1992\|3\|26}}	OSIRIS-REx	2018	date=January 2019}}
(10302) 1989 ML	0.6	1989\|6\|29}}	Hayabusa	2002	abandoned target
(163249) 2002 GT	0.35-0.5	2002\|4\|3}}	Deep Impact	2020	communications with spacecraft lost
(185851) 2000 DP\|107}}	{{hs\|0.8}} ~0.8	2000\|2\|29}}	PROCYON	2016	ion engine failure in heliocentric orbit^[18]

Name

Diameter
(km)

Body Discovered

Spacecraft

Year

Notes

2|}}P/Encke

4.8

1786|1|17}}

CONTOUR

1998

spacecraft lost while leaving Earth orbit

6|}}P/d'Arrest

3.2

1851|6|28}}

CONTOUR

2008

spacecraft lost while leaving Earth orbit

73 P/Schwassmann–Wachmann

1.1 (before breakup)

1930|5|2}}

CONTOUR

2006

spacecraft lost while leaving Earth orbit

140|Siwa}}

103

1874|10|13}}

Rosetta

2007

target changed due to launch postponement^[13]

145|Adeona}}

151

1875|6|3}}

Dawn

2016

date=October 2018}}

449|Hamburga}}

1899|10|31}}

CRAF

1998

mission cancelled

1620|Geographos}}

5.1×1.8

1951|9|14}}

Clementine

1995

mission failed before retargeting

2019|van Albada}}

7.5-9.4

1935|9|28}}

NEAR

1998

abandoned target

2101|Adonis}}

0.6

1936|2|12}}

Vega 2

1987

secondary target insufficient fuel^[14]

2530|Shipka}}

12.4^[15]

1978|7|9}}

Rosetta

2007

secondary target changed for better trajectory^[13]

2703|Rodari}}

9^[16]

1979|3|29}}

Rosetta

2007

date=October 2018}} but not chosen^[13]

3352|McAuliffe}}

2–5

1981|2|6}}

Deep Space 1

1998

abandoned target

3840|Mimistrobell}}

5.2^[17]

1980|10|9}}

Rosetta

2007

target changed^[13]

4015|Wilson–Harrington}}

1949|11|19}}

Deep Space 1
Hayabusa Mk2

1999
2022

mission cancelled{{cn>date=October 2018}}

4660|Nereus}}

{{hs|1}} ~1

1982|2|28}}

NEAR
NEAP
Hayabusa

1997

mission cancelled
abandoned target{{cn>date=October 2018}}

4979|Otawara}}

5.5

1949|8|2}}

Rosetta

2007

target changed due to launch postponement^[13]

(5604) 1992 FE

0.6

1992|3|26}}

OSIRIS-REx

2018

date=January 2019}}

(10302) 1989 ML

0.6

1989|6|29}}

Hayabusa

2002

abandoned target

(163249) 2002 GT

0.35-0.5

2002|4|3}}

Deep Impact

2020

communications with spacecraft lost

(185851) 2000 DP|107}}

{{hs|0.8}} ~0.8

2000|2|29}}

PROCYON

2016

ion engine failure in heliocentric orbit^[18]

Recent

The following table lists minor planets that are proposed to be visited by spacecraft missions that have not yet been approved.

Name	Diameter	Year of discovery	Agency	Proposed year	Notes
99942 Apophis	370 m	2004	CNAS	Launch: ~2022	Flyby^[19]
2002 EX11	1871	CNAS	Launch: ~2022	Flyby^[19]
(175706) 1996 FG3	1,550 m	1996	CNAS	Launch: ~2022	Sample-return^[19]
(172034) 2001 WR1	660 m	2001	JAXA	Flyby: 2023	Potential mission extension of Hayabusa2 spacecraft.^[20]
(138971) 2001 CB21	2001	NASA	Flyby: 2022	Potential flyby during transit by DART spacecraft.^[11]
67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko	4.1×3.3×1.8 km	1969	NASA	Launch: 2024	CONDOR, a proposed asteroid sample-return mission.^[21] Not selected for launch.
88P/Howell	4.4 km	1981	NASA	Launch: 2024	CORSAIR, a proposed comet sample-return mission.^[22] Not selected for launch.
67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko	4.1×3.3×1.8 km	1969	NASA	Launch: 2024	CAESAR, a proposed comet sample-return mission.^[23]
65803 Didymos	170 m	1996	ESA-NASA	Launch: 2023	AIDA, a proposed asteroid impactor and orbiter.^[24]
Trojan asteroids	1906	JAXA	Launch: 2026	OKEANOS, a proposed multiple flyby mission to Jupiter's Trojan asteroids using solar sail propulsion.^[25]
2 Pallas	512 km	1779	NASA	Launch: 2022 Flyby: 2024	Athena, a proposed flyby of Pallas
10199 Chariklo	330 km	1997	NASA	Camilla, a mission concept for a flyby and impactor

Name

Diameter

Year of
discovery

Agency

Proposed year

Notes

99942 Apophis

370 m

2004

CNAS

Launch: ~2022

Flyby^[19]

2002 EX11

1871

CNAS

Launch: ~2022

Flyby^[19]

(175706) 1996 FG3

1,550 m

1996

CNAS

Launch: ~2022

Sample-return^[19]

(172034) 2001 WR1

660 m

2001

JAXA

Flyby: 2023

Potential mission extension of Hayabusa2 spacecraft.^[20]

(138971) 2001 CB21

2001

NASA

Flyby: 2022

Potential flyby during transit by DART spacecraft.^[11]

67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko

4.1×3.3×1.8 km

1969

NASA

Launch: 2024

CONDOR, a proposed asteroid sample-return mission.^[21] Not selected for launch.

88P/Howell

4.4 km

1981

NASA

Launch: 2024

CORSAIR, a proposed comet sample-return mission.^[22] Not selected for launch.

67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko

4.1×3.3×1.8 km

1969

NASA

Launch: 2024

CAESAR, a proposed comet sample-return mission.^[23]

65803 Didymos

170 m

1996

ESA-NASA

Launch: 2023

AIDA, a proposed asteroid impactor and orbiter.^[24]

Trojan asteroids

1906

JAXA

Launch: 2026

OKEANOS, a proposed multiple flyby mission to Jupiter's Trojan asteroids using solar sail propulsion.^[25]

2 Pallas

512 km

1779

NASA

Launch: 2022
Flyby: 2024

Athena, a proposed flyby of Pallas

10199 Chariklo

330 km

1997

NASA

Camilla, a mission concept for a flyby and impactor

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.planetary.org/multimedia/space-images/small-bodies/change-2-images-of-toutatis.html|title=Chang'E 2 images of Toutatis}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.asteroidmission.org/?latest-news=nasas-osiris-rex-spacecraft-arrives-asteroid-bennu |title=NASA'S OSIRIS-REx Spacecraft Arrives at Asteroid Bennu |publisher=NASA |date=2018-12-03 |accessdate=2018-12-20}}
3. ^{{cite web |last1=Yoshimitsu |first1=Tetsuo |last2=Kubota |first2=Takashi |last3=Tsuda |first3=Yuichi |last4=Yoshikawa |first4=Makoto |title=MINERVA-II1: Successful image capture, landing on Ryugu and hop! |url=http://www.hayabusa2.jaxa.jp/en/topics/20180922e/ |website=JAXA Hayabusa2 Project |publisher=JAXA |accessdate=24 September 2018}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1998-061A |work=NASA |title=Deep Space 1 – NSSDC/COSPAR ID: 1998-061A |date=26 August 2014 |accessdate=1 July 2015}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.space.com/28731-rosetta-comet-spacecraft-shadow-photo.html |title=Rosetta Spacecraft Sees Its Shadow on a Comet (Photo) |work=Space.com |date=5 March 2015 |quote=Rosetta flew just 3.7 miles (6 kilometers) from Comet 67P's surface, resulting in a resolution of 4.3 inches (11 centimeters) per pixel [for OSIRIS].}}
6. ^¹{{cite web |date=2014-02-09 |quote=last obs (arc=493 days w/619 obs) |title=JPL Close-Approach Data: C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring) |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2013A1;cad=1#cad |accessdate=2013-02-19}}
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