| 词条 | List of motte-and-bailey castles |
| 释义 |
A motte-and-bailey is a form of castle, with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised earthwork called a motte, accompanied by an enclosed courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade. Relatively easy to build with unskilled, often forced labour, but still militarily formidable, these castles were built across northern Europe from the 10th century onwards, spreading from Normandy and Anjou in France, into the Holy Roman Empire in the 11th century. The Normans introduced the design into England and Wales following their invasion in 1066. Motte and bailey castles were adopted in Scotland, Ireland, the Low Countries and Denmark in the 12th and 13th centuries. By the end of the 13th century, the design was largely superseded by alternative forms of fortification, but the earthworks remain a prominent feature in many countries. Belgium
France
Ireland
The Netherlands
United KingdomEnglandA study by castellologist D. J. Cathcart King in 1972 found 473 mottes in England.[2] {{div col|colwidth=22em}}
ScotlandCanmore has records for 46 motte-and-bailey castles in Scotland.[3]
Northern IrelandDromore WalesA 1972 study found 268 mottes in Wales.[2]
ReferencesNotes1. ^{{citation |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1012860 |title=Castle Pulverbatch motte and bailey castle with outer bailey, 100m NNW of Brook Cottage |publisher=Historic England |work=National Heritage List for England |accessdate=28 July 2017}} 2. ^1 {{harvnb|King|1972|pp=102, 104}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/search/result?SITETYPE=298|title=Sites (46) {{!}} Canmore|access-date=2017-03-23}} Bibliography{{refbegin}}
External links{{Commons category|Motte and bailey}}{{Wikisource1911Enc|Bailey}}{{Fortifications}} 2 : Lists of castles by type|Motte-and-bailey castles |
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