| 词条 | Shaishunaga dynasty |
| 释义 |
|conventional_long_name = Shaishunaga dynasty |common_name = Shaishunaga dynasty |year_start = 413 BCE |year_end = 345 BCE |p1 = Haryanka dynasty |s1 = Nanda Empire |image_map = Magadha Expansion (6th-4th centuries BCE).png |capital = Rajgir, Vaishali, later Pataliputra (modern Patna) |common_languages = Sanskrit Magadhi Prakrit Other Prakrits |religion = Hinduism Buddhism Jainism{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=273}} |government_type = Monarchy |leader1 = Shishunaga |year_leader1 = 413 –395 BCE |leader2 = Mahanandin |year_leader2 = 395 –373 BCE }} The Shaishunaga dynasty (IAST: Śaiśunāga, literally "of Shishunaga") is believed to have been the third ruling dynasty of Magadha, an empire of ancient India. According to the Hindu Puranas, this dynasty was the second ruling dynasty of Magadha, succeeding the legendary dynasty founded by Brihadratha.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1972|p=103}} Shishunaga, the founder of the dynasty, was initially an amatya or "minister" of the last Haryanka dynasty ruler Nāgadāsaka and ascended to the throne after a popular rebellion in c. 421 BCE.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1972|pp=193,201}} The capital of this dynasty initially was Rajgir; but later shifted to Pataliputra, near the present day Patna, during the reign of Kakavarna. According to tradition, Kakavarna was succeeded by his ten sons.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1972|p=196}} This dynasty was succeeded by the Nanda Empire in c. 345 BCE.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1972|p=201}} EstablishmentAccording to Buddhist tradition, Shishunaga was amatya in Haryanka kingdom, who revolted and became the king.{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=272}} RulersShishunaga{{Main|Shishunaga}}Shishunaga founded his dynasty in 413 BCE with its capital in Rajgir and later Pataliputra (both in what is now Bihar). Buddhist sources indicate that he had a secondary capital at Vaishali,{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=272}} formerly the capital of Vajji, until it was conquered by Magadha. The Shaishunaga dynasty ruled one of the largest empires in the Indian subcontinent. Kakavarna/Kalashoka{{Main|Kalashoka}}According to the Puranas, Shishunaga was succeeded by his son Kakavarna and according to the Sinhala chronicles by his son Kalashoka.{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=272}} On the basis of the evidence of the Ashokavadana, Hermann Jacobi, Wilhelm Geiger and Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar concluded that both are the same. During Shishunaga's reign, he was the governor of Varanasi. The two most significant events of his reign are the Second Buddhist council at Vaishali in 383 BC and the final transfer of the capital to Pataliputra.{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=272}}{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1972|pp=195–6}} According to the Harshacharita, he was killed by a dagger thrust into his throat in the vicinity of his capital.{{sfn|Mahajan|2007|p=251}} According to Buddhist tradition, he had nine or ten sons, who were ousted by Ugrasena Nanda.{{sfn|Sastri|1988|p=14}} Later rulersAccording to tradition,{{which|date=January 2016}} ten sons of Kalashoka ruled simultaneously. The Mahabodhivamsa states their names as Bhadrasena, Korandavarna, Mangura, Sarvanjaha, Jalika, Ubhaka, Sanjaya, Koravya, Nandivardhana and Panchamaka. Only one of them is mentioned in the Puranic lists, Nandivardhana.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1972|p=196}} Nandivardhana or Mahanandin was probably the last ruler of this dynasty; his empire was inherited by his illegitimate son Mahapadma Nanda.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}} The Puranas list Nandivardhana as the ninth Shaishunaga king and his son Mahanandin as the tenth and the last Shaishunaga king. Mahanandin was killed by his illegitimate son from a Shudra wife named Mahapadma.{{sfn|Mookerji|1988|p=10}} DeclineAccording to Puranas, Shaishunagas were followed by Nanda Empire, which was established by Mahanandin's illegitimate son Mahapadma Nanda.{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=272}} ReferencesCitationsSources
| title = Shaishunaga Dynasty | years = 413–345 BCE | before = Haryanka dynasty (Magadha) Pradyota dynasty (Avanti) | after = Nanda Dynasty }}{{s-end}}{{Middle kingdoms of India}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Shaishunaga Dynasty}} 4 : Magadha|History of Bihar|5th-century BC establishments in India|4th-century BC disestablishments in India |
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