1. ^Nicole V. Gagné, Historical Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Classical Music, Historical Dictionaries of Literature and the Arts (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2012): pp. 199–200. {{ISBN|0-8108-6765-6}}.
2. ^Christopher Butler, After the Wake: An Essay on the Contemporary Avant-Garde (Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1980): p. 7; Nadia Mankowskaya, "L'esthétique musicale et le postmodernisme", New Sound: International Magazine for Music, no. 1 (1993): 91–100, citation on p. 91; Christian Ofenbauer, "Vom Faltenlegen: Versuch einer Lektüre von Pierre Boulez' Notation(s) I(1)", Musik-Konzepte, nos. 89–90 (1995): pp. 55–75 (passim); Nadežda Andreevna Petrusëva, "Новая форма в новейшей музыке" [The Formal Innovations of Postmodern Music], Muzyka i vremâ: Ežemesâčnyj naučnyj kritiko-publicističeskij žurnal, no. 8 (2003): 45–48, citation on p. 45.
3. ^¹ Christopher Butler, After the Wake: An Essay on the Contemporary Avant-Garde (Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1980): p. 7.
4. ^^1 2 3  Beate Kutschke, "The Celebration of Beethoven’s Bicentennial in 1970: The Antiauthoritarian Movement and Its Impact on Radical Avant-garde and Postmodern Music in West Germany", The Musical Quarterly 93, nos. 3–4 (Fall–Winter 2010): 560–615, citation on p. 582.
5. ^¹ David Beard and Kenneth Gloag, Musicology: The Key Concepts (New York: Routledge, 2005): p. 142. {{ISBN|978-0-415-31692-7}}.
6. ^¹ Paula E. Geyh, "Postmodernism—Postmodernism in Literature and Art". Science Encyclopedia, jrank.org (Accessed 11 December 2015).
7. ^Steven Connor, "The Decomposing Voice of Postmodern Music". New Literary History 32, no. 3: Voice and Human Experience (Summer 2001): 467–83, citation on pp. 477–78; Jonathan Kramer, "The Nature and Origins of Musical Postmodernism", in Postmodern Music/Postmodern Thought, edited by Judy Lochhead and Joseph Aunder, 13–26 (New York: Routledge, 2002): p. 14. {{ISBN|0-8153-3820-1}}.
8. ^ Geoffrey Morris, "The Guitar Works of Aldo Clementi", Contemporary Music Review 28, no. 6 (Aldo Clementi: Mirror of time I, 2009): pp. 559–86, citation on 559.
9. ^Christopher Butler, After the Wake: An Essay on the Contemporary Avant-Garde (Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press,1980): p. 7.
10. ^Jonathan Kramer, "The Nature and Origins of Musical Postmodernism", in Postmodern Music/Postmodern Thought, edited by Judy Lochhead and Joseph Aunder, pp. 13–26 (New York: Routledge, 2002): p. 13. {{ISBN|0-8153-3820-1}}.
11. ^Christopher Fox, "Tempestuous Times: The Recent Music of Thomas Adès", The Musical Times 145, No. 1888 (Autumn 2004): 41–56, citation on p. 53.
12. ^^1 2 3 David Beard and Kenneth Gloag, Musicology: The Key Concepts (New York: Routledge, 2005): p. 143. {{ISBN|978-0-415-31692-7}}.
13. ^^1 2  Georgina Born, Rationalizing Culture: IRCAM, Boulez, and the Institutionalization of the Musical Avant-Garde (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1995): p. 56).
14. ^Nicole V. Gagné, Historical Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Classical Music, Historical Dictionaries of Literature and the Arts (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2012): pp. 90–91. {{ISBN|0-8108-6765-6}}.
15. ^ Robert Carl, "Six Case Studies in New American Music: A Postmodern Portrait Gallery", College Music Symposium 30, no. 1 (Spring 1990): pp. 45–63, citation on pp. 45–48.
16. ^Robert Carl, "Six Case Studies in New American Music: A Postmodern Portrait Gallery", College Music Symposium 30, no. 1 (Spring 1990): pp. 45–63, citations on pp. 45, 51–54; Jonathan Kramer, "The Nature and Origins of Musical Postmodernism", in Postmodern Music/Postmodern Thought, edited by Judy Lochhead and Joseph Aunder, 13–26 (New York: Routledge, 2002): p. 13. {{ISBN|0-8153-3820-1}}.
17. ^Nicole V. Gagné, Historical Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Classical Music, Historical Dictionaries of Literature and the Arts (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2012): pp. 12, 19. {{ISBN|0-8108-6765-6}}.
18. ^Freeman, John W. (1997). The Metropolitan Opera Stories of the Great Operas, Volume 2, p.15. {{ISBN|9780393040517}}.
19. ^Robert Carl, "Six Case Studies in New American Music: A Postmodern Portrait Gallery", College Music Symposium 30, no. 1 (Spring 1990): pp. 45–63, citation on pp. 45, 59–63.
20. ^Nicole V. Gagné, Historical Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Classical Music, Historical Dictionaries of Literature and the Arts (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2012): pp. 44–45, 208. {{ISBN|0-8108-6765-6}}.
21. ^Georgina Born, Rationalizing Culture: IRCAM, Boulez, and the Institutionalization of the Musical Avant-Garde (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1995): p. 56; Jann Pasler, "Postmodernism", Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online (accessed 11 December 2015) {{subscription}}.
22. ^Jonathan Kramer, "The Nature and Origins of Musical Postmodernism", in Postmodern Music/Postmodern Thought, edited by Judy Lochhead and Joseph Aunder, 13–26 (New York: Routledge, 2002): p. 14. {{ISBN|0-8153-3820-1}}.
23. ^David Beard and Kenneth Gloag, Musicology: The Key Concepts (New York: Routledge, 2005): p. 144. {{ISBN|978-0-415-31692-7}}.