“List of saints of Scotland”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

This is a list of saints of Scotland, which includes saints from Scotland, associated with, or particularly venerated in Scotland.

Veneration of saints in Scotland

One of the main features of Medieval Scotland was the Cult of Saints. Saints of Irish origin who were particularly revered included various figures called St Faelan and St. Colman, and saints Findbar and Finan.^[1] Columba remained a major figure into the fourteenth century and a new foundation at the cite of his bones was endowed by William I (r. 1165–1214) at Arbroath Abbey.^[2]^[3] In Strathclyde the most important saint was St Kentigern, whose cult (under the pet name St. Mungo) became focused in Glasgow.^[4] In Lothian it was St Cuthbert, whose relics were carried across Northumbria after Lindisfarne was sacked by the Vikings before being installed in Durham Cathedral.^[5] After his martyrdom around 1115, a cult emerged in Orkney, Shetland and northern Scotland around Magnus Erlendsson, Earl of Orkney.^[6]

Veneration of Saint Andrew

Developments in the Late Middle Ages

By the twelfth century it had become known simply as St. Andrews and it became increasingly associated with Scottish national identity and the royal family.^[8] Queen Margaret was canonised in 1250 and after the ceremonial transfer of her remains to Dunfermline Abbey emerged as one of the most revered national saints.^[8] In the late medieval period, as the doctrine of Purgatory gained in importance in the period, the number of chapelries, priests and masses for the dead within them grew rapidly,^[10] along with the number of altars to saints, with St. Mary's in Dundee having perhaps 48 and St Giles' in Edinburgh over 50,^[11] as did the number of saints celebrated in Scotland, with about 90 being added to the missal used in St Nicholas church in Aberdeen.^[12]

Impact of the Reformation

The Reformation made the veneration of saints illegal and removed almost all evidence of saints and shrines from churches,^[13] although Catholicism continued as a minority religion. The period created only one Catholic saint, the convert and martyr John Ogilvie (1569–1615).^[14]

List of saints

References

1. ^G. W. S. Barrow, Kingship and Unity: Scotland 1000–1306 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1989), {{ISBN|074860104X}}, p. 64.
2. ^M. Lynch, Scotland: A New History (Random House, 2011), {{ISBN|1446475638}}, p. 76.
3. ^B. Webster, Medieval Scotland: the Making of an Identity (New York City, NY: St. Martin's Press, 1997), {{ISBN|0333567617}}, pp. 52–3.
4. ^A. Macquarrie, Medieval Scotland: Kinship and Nation (Thrupp: Sutton, 2004), {{ISBN|0-7509-2977-4}}, p. 46.
5. ^A. Lawrence-Mathers, Manuscripts in Northumbria in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries (Woodbridge: Brewer, 2003), {{ISBN|0859917657}}, p. 137.
6. ^H. Antonsson, St. Magnús of Orkney: A Scandinavian Martyr-Cult in Context (Leiden: Brill, 2007), {{ISBN|9004155805}}.
7. ^[https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofScotland/St-Andrew-Patron-Saint-of-Scotland/ St Andrew, Patron Saint of Scotland]
8. ^¹²G. W. S. Barrow, Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 4th edn., 2005), {{ISBN|0748620222}}, p. 11.
9. ^B. Webster, Medieval Scotland: the Making of an Identity (New York City, NY: St. Martin's Press, 1997), {{ISBN|0333567617}}, p. 55.
10. ^Andrew D. M. Barrell, Medieval Scotland (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), {{ISBN|0-521-58602-X}}, p. 254.
11. ^P. J. Bawcutt and J. H. Williams, A Companion to Medieval Scottish Poetry (Woodbridge: Brewer, 2006), {{ISBN|1843840960}}, pp. 26–9.
12. ^C. Peters, Women in Early Modern Britain, 1450–1640 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), {{ISBN|0-333-63358-X}}, p. 147.
13. ^J. D. Mackie, B. Lenman and G. Parker, A History of Scotland (London: Penguin, 1991), {{ISBN|0140136495}}, p. 153.
14. ^J. Buckley, F. C. Bauerschmidt, T. Pomplun, eds, The Blackwell Companion to Catholicism (London: John Wiley & Sons, 2010), {{ISBN|1444337327}}, p. 164.