| 释义 |
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- References
{{dynamic list}} This is a list of notable software forks. Undated- The many varieties of proprietary Unix in the 1980s and 1990s — almost all derived from AT&T Unix under licence and all called "Unix", but increasingly mutually incompatible. See UNIX wars.
- Most Linux distributions are descended from other distributions, most being traceable back to Debian, Red Hat or Softlanding Linux System (see image right). Since most of the content of a distribution is free and open source software, ideas and software interchange freely as is useful to the individual distribution. Merges (e.g., United Linux or Mandriva) are rare.
- Pretty Good Privacy, forked outside of the United States to free it from restrictive US laws on the exportation of cryptographic software.
- The game NetHack has spawned a number of variants using the original code, notably Slash'EM (1997), and was itself a fork (1987) of Hack.
- Openswan and strongSwan, from the discontinued FreeS/WAN.
1981 - Symbolics Lisp Machine operating system, later called Symbolics Genera. Forked from the MIT Lisp Machine operating system, which was licensed by MIT to Symbolics in 1980.[1] This fork later motivated Richard Stallman to start the GNU Project.[2]
1985 - POSTGRES (later PostgreSQL), after Ingres branched off as a proprietary project.
1990 - Microsoft SQL Server, from Sybase SQL Server, via a technology-sharing agreement concerning the Tabular Data Stream protocol.
- SWLPC, from LPMud.
1991 - Xemacs, from GNU Emacs, originally for Lucid Corporation internal needs.
1993 - FreeBSD, started as a patchkit to 386BSD.
- NetBSD, started as a patchkit to 386BSD.
1995 - Apache HTTP Server, from the moribund NCSA HTTPd.
- OpenBSD, a fork of NetBSD 1.0 by Theo de Raadt due to internal developer personality clashes.
1997 - EGCS was a fork of GCC, later named as the official version.
1998 - Grace, from Xmgr, after that project ceased development.
1999 - FilmGIMP, later called CinePaint, from GIMP, to handle 48-bit colour.
- OSSH from SSH, when that project was proprietised.[3]
- OpenSSH, from OSSH.[3]
- Sodipodi, from Gill.
- Steel Bank Common Lisp, from CMU Common Lisp.
2000 - TrueCrypt, from E4M when the latter was discontinued.
- Tux Racer went proprietary in 2000, leading to several forks including OpenRacer, PlanetPenguin Racer and Extreme Tux Racer.
- OpenOffice.org, from StarOffice after Sun Microsystems made the source code publicly available. OpenOffice.org was eventually forked into LibreOffice.
2001 - ELinks, began as an experimental fork of Links.
- Fluxbox, from Blackbox.
- GNU Radio, from pSpectra.
- Xvid, was a fork of OpenDivX.
- WebKit, project was started within Apple by Don Melton on 25 June 2001 as a fork of KHTML.
2002 - GForge, from SourceForge.
- GraphicsMagick, from ImageMagick due to concerns over the openness of development.
- The Matroska container format, from the Multimedia Container Format, due to differences in direction.
- MirOS BSD, from OpenBSD.
- Syllable Desktop, from the stagnant AtheOS.
2003 - aMule, from xMule, which itself forked from lMule shortly before, over developer disagreements.
- b2evolution, from b2/CafeLog.
- DragonFly BSD, from FreeBSD 4.8 by long-time FreeBSD developer Matt Dillon, due to disagreement over FreeBSD 5's technical direction.
- Epiphany, from Galeon, after developer disagreements about Galeon's growing complexity.
- Inkscape (vector-graphics program), from Sodipodi.
- NeoOffice, a fork of OpenOffice.org, with an incompatible license (GPL rather than LGPL), due to disagreements about licensing and about the best method to port OpenOffice.org to Mac OS X.
- The Safari renderer that became WebKit, from KHTML.
- sK1, from Skencil when the latter moved from Tk to GTK+.
- WordPress, from b2/CafeLog.
- Zen Cart, from osCommerce.
2004 - Baz, the previous version of Bazaar, from GNU arch.
- FrostWire, from LimeWire after LimeWire's developers considered adding RIAA-sponsored blocking code.
- MediaPortal, from XBMC.
- WineX (later Cedega), was a proprietary fork of Wine.
- XOrg, from XFree86, in order to adopt a more open development model and due to concerns over the latter's change to a license many distributors found unacceptable.
2005 - Audacious, from Beep Media Player to continue work on the old version of that project.
- Joomla, from Mambo due to concerns over project structure.
- Claws Mail, from Sylpheed, due to perceived slowness in accepting enhancements.
2006 - Adempiere, a community maintained fork of Compiere 2.5.3b, due to disagreement with commercial and technical direction of Compiere Inc.
- Cdrkit, from Cdrtools due to perceived licensing issues.[4][5][6]
- LedgerSMB, from SQL-Ledger, due to disagreements over handling of security issues.
- MindTouch, a fork of MediaWiki.
- Mulgara, from Kowari after trademark threats from Northrop Grumman.
- MPC-HC[7], a fork of Media Player Classic.
2007 - Batavi, from osCommerce, due to that project's slow release schedule.
- Go-oo, from OpenOffice.org, due to that project's contributor licensing agreement.
2008 - Boxee, a proprietary fork of XBMC.
- Dreamwidth, from LiveJournal by ex-LiveJournal developers.
- Drizzle, was intended as a slimmed-down and faster fork of MySQL.
- MiaCMS, from Mambo.
- Plex, a proprietary fork of XBMC.
2009 - dbndns, from djbdns after the latter was released into the public domain and abandoned.
- Freeplane, from FreeMind.
- FusionForge, from GForge when GForge shifted focus to its proprietary version.
- Icinga, from Nagios, due to perceived slow development and problems dealing with Nagios LLC.[8]
- kompoZer, from Nvu after that project went dormant.
- MariaDB, from MySQL, over concern as to Sun Microsystems' plans for the latter.
- Pale Moon, from Firefox.
- Qt Extended Improved, from Qtopia after the latter was discontinued by Qt Software.
- Voddler, is a proprietary fork of XBMC and FFmpeg.
2010 - Peppermint Linux OS, from Lubuntu, due to a perceived need for a cloud-centric derivative of the Ubuntu OS.
- Chamilo, from Dokeos, due to community management concerns with that project.
- LibreOffice, from OpenOffice.org (and merging Go-oo), due to Oracle Corporation's perceived neglect of the software.
- OpenIndiana, from OpenSolaris after Oracle Corporation discontinued the latter.
- Illumos, from the OpenSolaris kernel OS/Net, after Oracle closed down public access to the source code.
- webtrees, from PhpGedView, due to SourceForge's policy on exporting encryption.
- Xonotic, from Nexuiz, after that project was taken proprietary.
- Mageia, from Mandriva Linux, due to financial uncertainty and the layoff by Edge-IT, a Mandriva subsidiary employing many of the corporate staff working on the Mandriva distribution
- OpenAM, from OpenSSO after Oracle Corporation discontinued the latter.
- Calligra, from KOffice after developer disagreements.
2011 - Fire OS, a fork of Android for the Kindle Fire
- Jenkins, from Hudson (2011), due to Oracle Corporation's perceived neglect of the project's infrastructure and disagreements over use of the name on non-Oracle-maintained infrastructure.
- Univa Grid Engine, from Oracle Grid Engine, after Oracle Corporation stopped releasing project source.
- Mer, started as a fork of MeeGo.
2012 - MPC-BE, a fork of Media Player Classic
2013 - Blink, a fork of WebKit.
- SuiteCRM, from the last open source version of SugarCRM.
2014 - LibreSSL, from OpenSSL.
- Nokia X software platform, a fork of the Android Open Source Project developed by Nokia exclusively for its X family of Android smartphones.
- io.js from node.js. In 2015 it was blessed as the official version of node.js.
2015 - EdgeHTML, from Trident
- Open Live Writer, from Windows Live Writer 2012
2016 - Goanna, from Gecko
- Nextcloud, from ownCloud
2017 - Basilisk, from Firefox.
- Bitcoin Cash, from Bitcoin Core, supported by the forked implementations Bitcoin ABC, Bitcoin Unlimited and Bitcoin XT.
- Unified XUL Platform, from XUL.[9][10]
References 1. ^MIT Lisp Machine License Signed Press Release October 1980
2. ^[https://www.gnu.org/gnu/rms-lisp.html Richard Stallman, My Lisp Experiences and the Development of GNU Emacs]
3. ^1 {{cite web| url=http://www.openssh.com/history.html| title=OpenSSH Project History| date=2016-04-20| publisher=OpenSSH| accessdate=2016-08-03}}
4. ^{{cite web| url=https://lwn.net/Articles/195167/| title=cdrtools - a tale of two licenses| first=Jonathan| last=Corbet| date=2006-08-12| work=LWN.net| accessdate=2016-08-03}}
5. ^{{cite web| url=https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2006/09/msg00002.html| title=cdrkit (fork of cdrtools) uploaded to Debian, please test| first=Joerg| last=Jaspert| date=2006-09-04| work=debian-devel-announce| publisher=Debian| accessdate=2016-08-03}}
6. ^{{cite web| url=https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=377109| title=RM: cdrtools -- RoM: non-free, license problems| date=2006-01-31| publisher=Debian| accessdate=2016-08-03}}
7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://trac.mpc-hc.org/wiki/Changelog|title=Change log of release date from MPC-HC project|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
8. ^{{cite web| url=https://www.icinga.org/resources/faq/| title=Frequently Asked Questions| publisher=Icinga| accessdate=2016-08-03}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=README for the initial, deprecated UXP repository on GitHub |url=https://github.com/MoonchildProductions/moebius/blob/master/README.md |accessdate=2018-04-25}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=REMADE for the current UXP repository on GitHub |url=https://github.com/MoonchildProductions/UXP/blob/v2018.04.23/README.md |accessdate=2018-04-25}}
1 : Software forks |