请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 List of sovereign states in 2012
释义

  1. Members or observers of the United Nations

      A    B    C    D    E    F    G    H    I    J    K    L    M    N    O    P    Q    R    S    T    U    V    Y    Z  

  2. Non-UN members or observers

  3. Other entities

  4. See also

  5. Notes

{{List of sovereign states strapline|2012}}{{TOC right}}

This is a list of sovereign states in the 2012, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2012. It contains 207 entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes 195 widely recognized sovereign states and 12 entities which claim an effective sovereignty but are considered de facto constituents of other powers by the general international community.

{{Compact ToC|w=|x=|pre1=Sovereign states|custom1=Other entities|seealso=yes|notes=yes}}

Members or observers of the United Nations

>
Name and capital cityInformation on status and recognition of sovereignty

A


{{flag|Afghanistan|2004}} – Islamic Republic of Afghanistan {{capital|Kabul}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Albania}} – Republic of Albania {{capital|Tirana}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Algeria}} – People's Democratic Republic of Algeria {{capital|Algiers}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Andorra}} – Principality of Andorra {{capital|Andorra la Vella}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. The President of France and Bishop of Urgell were ex officio Co-Princes of Andorra. The defense of Andorra is the responsibility of France and Spain.

{{flag|Angola}} – Republic of Angola {{capital|Luanda}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} {{capitalname|St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda|St. John's}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm. Antigua and Barbuda has two dependencies, Barbuda and Redonda.

{{flag|Argentina}} – Argentine Republic[1] {{capital|Buenos Aires}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Argentina is a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city.[2] It had a claim over Argentine Antarctica, which is suspended under the Antarctic Treaty. It also claims the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, both of which were British overseas territories.

{{flag|Armenia}} – Republic of Armenia {{capital|Yerevan}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council.[3]

{{flag|Australia}} – Commonwealth of Australia {{capital|Canberra}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm. Australia is a federation of six states and three territories.[4] It had sovereignty over the following external territories:
  • Ashmore and Cartier Islands
  • Australian Antarctic Territory (suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.)
  • {{flag|Christmas Island}}
  • {{flag|Cocos (Keeling) Islands}}
  • Coral Sea Islands
  • Heard Island and McDonald Islands
  • {{flag|Norfolk Island}}

{{flag|Austria}} – Republic of Austria {{capital|Vienna}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. EU member. Austria is a federation of nine states.[5]

{{flag|Azerbaijan}} – Republic of Azerbaijan {{capital|Baku}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. Azerbaijan had one autonomous republic, Nakhchivan. It included the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh, where a partially recognized breakaway republic had declared independence.

B


{{flag|Bahamas, The}} – Commonwealth of the Bahamas {{capitalname|Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm.

{{flag|Bahrain}} – Kingdom of Bahrain {{capital|Manama}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Bangladesh}} – People's Republic of Bangladesh {{capital|Dhaka}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Barbados}} {{capital|Bridgetown}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm.

{{flagicon|Belarus|1995}} → {{flag|Belarus}} – Republic of Belarus {{capital|Minsk}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Belgium}} – Kingdom of Belgium {{capital|Brussels}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. EU member. Belgium is a federation of three communities and three regions.[6]

{{flag|Belize}} {{capital|Belmopan}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm.

{{flag|Benin}} – Republic of Benin
Capital: Porto-Novo (official), Cotonou (seat of government){{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Bhutan}} – Kingdom of Bhutan {{capital|Thimphu}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Bolivia}} – Plurinational State of Bolivia
Capital: Sucre (official), La Paz (administrative){{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} {{capital|Sarajevo}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Bosnia and Herzegovina is a federation of two constituent entities: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska.

{{flag|Botswana}} – Republic of Botswana {{capital|Gaborone}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Brazil}} – Federative Republic of Brazil {{capital|Brasília}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Brazil is a federation of 26 states and one federal district.[7]

{{flag|Brunei}} – Nation of Brunei, Abode of Peace {{capital|Bandar Seri Begawan}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Brunei claims part of the Spratly Islands (disputed by the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Malaysia).

{{flag|Bulgaria}} – Republic of Bulgaria {{capital|Sofia}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.

{{flag|Burkina Faso}} {{capital|Ouagadougou}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

Burma {{arrow}} Myanmar

{{flag|Burundi}} – Republic of Burundi {{capital|Bujumbura}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

C


{{flag|Cambodia}} – Kingdom of Cambodia {{capital|Phnom Penh}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Cameroon}} – Republic of Cameroon {{capital|Yaoundé}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Canada}} {{capital|Ottawa}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm. Canada is a federation of ten provinces and three territories.[8]

{{flag|Cape Verde}} – Republic of Cape Verde {{capital|Praia}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Central African Republic}} {{capital|Bangui}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Chad}} – Republic of Chad {{capital|N'Djamena}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Chile}} – Republic of Chile {{capitalname|Santiago, Chile|Santiago}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Chile has two special territories: Easter Island and the Juan Fernández Islands. It had a claim over Chilean Antarctic Territory, which is suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.

{{flag|China, People's Republic of}} {{capital|Beijing}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state[9] and a permanent member of the UN Security Council. The People's Republic of China had five autonomous regions: Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Tibet. Additionally, it had sovereignty over two special administrative regions:
  • {{flag|Hong Kong}}
  • {{flag|Macau}}

The People's Republic of China claims Taiwan, Kinmen, the Matsu Islands, the Pratas Islands and Itu Aba, all of which were governed by the Republic of China. It also claims the Paracel Islands (disputed by the Republic of China and Vietnam), the Spratly Islands (disputed by the Republic of China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei), and South Tibet (controlled by India). The People's Republic of China administered Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract, which were within the disputed region of Kashmir.


{{flag|Colombia}} – Republic of Colombia {{capital|Bogotá}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. Colombia administered Serranilla Bank and claims Bajo Nuevo Bank (disputed by Nicaragua and the United States)

{{flag|Comoros}} – Union of the Comoros {{capitalname|Moroni, Comoros|Moroni}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. The Comoros is a federation of three islands autonomous islands: Grande Comore, Mohéli, and Anjouan. Comoros also claims sovereignty over the French region of Mayotte and the Glorioso Islands. Comoros also claims Banc du Geyser (disputed by Madagascar and France).

{{flag|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}} {{capital|Kinshasa}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Congo, Republic of the}} {{capital|Brazzaville}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Costa Rica}} – Republic of Costa Rica {{capitalname|San José, Costa Rica|San José}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

Côte d'Ivoire {{arrow}} Ivory Coast

{{flag|Croatia}} – Republic of Croatia {{capital|Zagreb}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Cuba}} – Republic of Cuba {{capital|Havana}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. The Cuban area of Guantánamo Bay is under the permanent control of the United States.

{{flag|Cyprus}} – Republic of Cyprus {{capital|Nicosia}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.[10] EU member. The northeastern part of the island is the de facto independent state of Northern Cyprus, recognized only by Turkey.

{{flag|Czech Republic}} {{capital|Prague}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.EU member.

D


{{flag|Denmark}} – Kingdom of Denmark {{capital|Copenhagen}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. EU member. The Kingdom of Denmark also included two autonomous countries:
  • {{flag|Greenland}}
  • {{flag|Faroe Islands}}

{{flag|Djibouti}} – Republic of Djibouti {{capitalname|Djibouti (city)|Djibouti}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Dominica}} – Commonwealth of Dominica {{capital|Roseau}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Dominican Republic}} {{capital|Santo Domingo}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

E


East Timor {{arrow}} Timor-Leste

{{flag|Ecuador}} – Republic of Ecuador {{capital|Quito}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Egypt}} – Arab Republic of Egypt {{capital|Cairo}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|El Salvador}} – Republic of El Salvador {{capital|San Salvador}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}} – Republic of Equatorial Guinea {{capital|Malabo}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Eritrea}} – State of Eritrea {{capital|Asmara}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Estonia}} – Republic of Estonia {{capital|Tallinn}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.

{{flag|Ethiopia}} – Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia {{capital|Addis Ababa}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Ethiopia is a federation of nine regions and two chartered cities.[11]

F


{{flag|Fiji}} – Republic of Fiji {{capital|Suva}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Fiji had an autonomous dependency, Rotuma.

{{flag|Finland}} – Republic of Finland {{capital|Helsinki}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. EU member. Finland had a neutral and demilitarised region:
  • {{flag|Åland}}

{{flag|France}} – French Republic {{capital|Paris}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state and a permanent member of the UN Security Council. EU member. France includes five overseas departments: French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Réunion. It also has sovereignty over the following overseas territories:
  • {{Flag|Clipperton Island}}
  • {{flag|French Polynesia}}
  • {{flag|French Southern and Antarctic Lands}} (including a claim to Adélie Land which is suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.)
  • {{flag|New Caledonia}}
  • {{flag|Saint-Barthélemy|local}}
  • {{Flag|Collectivity of Saint Martin|Saint Martin}}
  • {{flag|Saint Pierre and Miquelon|local}}
  • {{Flag|French Southern and Antarctic Lands}} (district of Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean):
    • {{Flag|Bassas da India}} (disputed by Madagascar)
    • {{Flag|Europa Island}} (disputed by Madagascar)
    • {{Flag|Glorioso Islands}} (disputed by Madagascar and Comoros)
    • {{Flag|Juan de Nova Island}} (disputed by Madagascar)
    • {{Flag|Tromelin Island}} (disputed by Mauritius)
  • {{flag|Wallis and Futuna|local}}

France also claims Banc du Geyser (disputed by Madagascar and the Comoros).


G


{{flag|Gabon}} – Gabonese Republic {{capital|Libreville}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Gambia, The}} – Republic of the Gambia {{capital|Banjul}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Georgia}} {{capital|Tbilisi}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Georgia had two autonomous republics: Adjara and Abkhazia. The latter republic is home to a de facto independent state. Georgia also included the disputed region of South Ossetia, where a partially recognized breakaway republic had declared independence.

{{flag|Germany}} – Federal Republic of Germany {{capital|Berlin}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. EU member. Germany is a federation of sixteen states.[12]

{{flag|Ghana}} – Republic of Ghana {{capital|Accra}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Greece}} – Hellenic Republic {{capital|Athens}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. EU member. Greece has sovereignty over Mount Athos, an autonomous monastic state that is jointly governed by the multi-national "Holy Community" on the mountain and the Civil Governor appointed by the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and spiritually under the direct jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate.

{{flag|Grenada}} {{capitalname|St. George's, Grenada|St. George's}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm. Grenada has one autonomous dependency, Carriacou and Petite Martinique.

{{flag|Guatemala}} – Republic of Guatemala {{capital|Guatemala City}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council.

{{flag|Guinea}} – Republic of Guinea {{capital|Conakry}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}} – Republic of Guinea-Bissau {{capital|Bissau}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Guyana}} – Co-operative Republic of Guyana {{capitalname|Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

H


{{flag|Haiti}} – Republic of Haiti {{capital|Port-au-Prince}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Haiti claims the uninhabited United States possession of Navassa Island.

Holy See {{arrow}} Vatican City

{{flag|Honduras}} – Republic of Honduras {{capital|Tegucigalpa}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Hungary}} {{capital|Budapest}}
  • Republic of Hungary (to 1 January)
  • Hungary (from 1 January)
{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.

I


{{flag|Iceland}} – Republic of Iceland {{capital|Reykjavík}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|India}} – Republic of India {{capital|New Delhi}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. India is a federation of twenty-nine states and seven union territories. Indian sovereignty over South Tibet is disputed by the People's Republic of China. India administers part of the disputed region of Kashmir as the state of Jammu and Kashmir.[13]

{{flag|Indonesia}} – Republic of Indonesia {{capital|Jakarta}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Indonesia had five special provinces: Aceh, Jakarta, Papua, West Papua, and Yogyakarta.

{{flag|Iran}} – Islamic Republic of Iran {{capital|Tehran}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Iraq}} – Republic of Iraq {{capital|Baghdad}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Iraq is constitutionally designated as a federation of autonomous regions, but only one region (Iraqi Kurdistan) had been established.

{{flag|Ireland}}[14] {{capital|Dublin}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.

{{flag|Israel}} – State of Israel {{capital|Jerusalem}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.[15] Israel occupies East Jerusalem, the Gaza Strip, the Golan Heights, and the West Bank. These areas were not generally recognized as being part of Israel.

{{flag|Italy}} – Italian Republic {{capital|Rome}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. EU member. Italy had 5 autonomous regions: Aosta Valley, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Sardinia, Sicily, and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.

{{flag|Ivory Coast}} – Republic of Côte d'Ivoire
Capital: Yamoussoukro (official), Abidjan (seat of government){{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

J


{{flag|Jamaica}} {{capitalname|Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm.

{{flag|Japan}} {{capital|Tokyo}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Jordan}} – Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan {{capital|Amman}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

K


{{flag|Kazakhstan}} – Republic of Kazakhstan {{capital|Astana}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Kenya}} – Republic of Kenya {{capital|Nairobi}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Kiribati}} – Republic of Kiribati {{capital|South Tarawa}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Korea, North}} – Democratic People's Republic of Korea {{capital|Pyongyang}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.[16] claims to be the sole legitimate government of Korea.

{{flag|Korea, South}} – Republic of Korea {{capital|Seoul}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.[17] South Korea had one autonomous region: Jeju-do. claims to be the sole legitimate government of Korea.

{{flag|Kuwait}} – State of Kuwait {{capital|Kuwait City}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} – Kyrgyz Republic {{capital|Bishkek}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

L


{{flag|Laos}} – Lao People's Democratic Republic {{capital|Vientiane}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Latvia}} – Republic of Latvia {{capital|Riga}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.

{{flag|Lebanon}} – Lebanese Republic {{capital|Beirut}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Lesotho}} – Kingdom of Lesotho {{capital|Maseru}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Liberia}} – Republic of Liberia {{capital|Monrovia}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Libya}} {{capital|Tripoli}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Liechtenstein}} – Principality of Liechtenstein {{capital|Vaduz}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. The defense of Liechtenstein is the responsibility of Switzerland.

{{flag|Lithuania}} – Republic of Lithuania {{capital|Vilnius}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.

{{flag|Luxembourg}} – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg {{capitalname|Luxembourg (city)|Luxembourg}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.

M


{{flag|Macedonia}} – Republic of Macedonia[18] {{capital|Skopje}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Madagascar}} – Republic of Madagascar {{capital|Antananarivo}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Madagascar claims the French possessions of Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands and Juan de Nova Island. It also claims Banc du Geyser (disputed by Comoros and France)

{{flagicon|Malawi|2010}} → {{flag|Malawi}} – Republic of Malawi {{capital|Lilongwe}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Malaysia}}
Capital: Kuala Lumpur (official), Putrajaya (administrative){{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Malaysia is a federation of thirteen states and three federal territories.[19] Malaysia claims part of the Spratly Islands (disputed by the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Brunei).

{{flag|Maldives}} – Republic of Maldives {{capital|Malé}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Mali}} – Republic of Mali {{capital|Bamako}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Part of Mali's territory was controlled by the de facto State of Azawad from 6 April to 12 July.

{{flag|Malta}} – Republic of Malta {{capital|Valletta}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.

{{flag|Marshall Islands}} – Republic of the Marshall Islands {{capital|Majuro}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state under Compact of Free Association with the United States. The Marshall Islands claims the United States territory of Wake Island.

{{flag|Mauritania|1959}} – Islamic Republic of Mauritania {{capital|Nouakchott}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Mauritius}} – Republic of Mauritius {{capital|Port Louis}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Mauritius had one autonomous dependency: Rodrigues. Mauritius also had two other dependencies: Agalega Islands and Cargados Carajos. It claims the British Indian Ocean Territory and the French territory of Tromelin Island.

{{flag|Mexico}} – United Mexican States {{capital|Mexico City}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Mexico is a federation of 31 states and one federal district.[20]

{{flag|Micronesia, Federated States of}} {{capital|Palikir}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state under Compact of Free Association with the United States. The FSM is a federation of four states.[21]

{{flag|Moldova}} – Republic of Moldova {{capital|Chişinău}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Moldova had two autonomous territorial units: Gagauzia and Transnistria. The latter is home to a de facto independent state.

{{flag|Monaco}} – Principality of Monaco {{capital|Monaco}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. The defense of Monaco is the responsibility of France.

{{flag|Mongolia}} {{capital|Ulaanbaatar}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Montenegro}} {{capital|Podgorica}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Morocco}} – Kingdom of Morocco {{capital|Rabat}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. Morocco claims sovereignty over and controlled most of the disputed Western Sahara, which is home to the de facto independent Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Morocco disputed the Spanish sovereignty over Ceuta, Isla de Alborán, Isla Perejil, Islas Chafarinas, Melilla, and Peñón de Alhucemas.

{{flag|Mozambique}} – Republic of Mozambique {{capital|Maputo}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Myanmar}}[22] – Republic of the Union of Myanmar {{capital|Naypyidaw}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

N


{{flag|Namibia}} – Republic of Namibia {{capital|Windhoek}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Nauru}} – Republic of Nauru
Capital: Yaren (unofficial, seat of parliament){{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. The defense of Nauru is the responsibility of Australia.

{{flag|Nepal}} – Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal {{capital|Kathmandu}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Nepal is designated as a federation, but its federal units had not yet been created.

{{flag|Kingdom of the Netherlands|name=Netherlands}} – Kingdom of the Netherlands
Capital: Amsterdam (official), The Hague (seat of government){{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of four autonomous countries:
  • {{flag|Aruba}}
  • {{flag|Netherlands}}
  • {{flag|Curaçao}}
  • {{flag|Sint Maarten}}

Territory of islands without autonomy (consists of three special municipalities that are part of the Netherlands):

  • {{flag|Caribbean Netherlands}}

The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, but Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten and Caribbean Netherlands are not.


{{flag|New Zealand}} {{capital|Wellington}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm. New Zealand had responsibilities for the two free associated states of:
  • {{flag|Cook Islands}}
  • {{flag|Niue}}

It also had sovereignty over two dependent territories:

  • {{Flag|Ross Dependency}} (suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
  • {{flag|Tokelau}}

The government of Tokelau claims Swains Island, part of American Samoa (a U.S. dependence). New Zealand does not recognize this claim.


{{flag|Nicaragua}} – Republic of Nicaragua {{capital|Managua}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Nicaragua had two autonomous regions: the North Atlantic Autonomous Region and South Atlantic Autonomous Region.

{{flag|Niger}} – Republic of Niger {{capital|Niamey}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Nigeria}} – Federal Republic of Nigeria {{capital|Abuja}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Nigeria is a federation of 36 states and one federal territory.[23]

{{flag|Norway}} – Kingdom of Norway {{capital|Oslo}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Norway had two integral overseas areas: Jan Mayen and Svalbard. The latter of area had a special status due to the Spitsbergen Treaty. Norway had sovereignty over the following dependencies:
  • Bouvet Island
  • Peter I Island (suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
  • Queen Maud Land (suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)

O


{{flag|Oman}} – Sultanate of Oman {{capital|Muscat, Oman}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

P


{{flag|Pakistan}} – Islamic Republic of Pakistan {{capital|Islamabad}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Pakistan is a federation of four provinces and four territories. It administers part of the disputed region of Kashmir as the territories of Azad Kashmir and the autonomous territory of Gilgit-Baltistan.[24]

{{flag|Palau}} – Republic of Palau {{capital|Ngerulmud}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state under Compact of Free Association with the United States.

{{flag|Palestine}} – Palestinian National Authority
Capital: Ramallah (administrative), Gaza City (administrative), Jerusalem (claims){{extent}}Partially recognised de facto self-governing entity.[25] Palestine claims sovereignty over a disputed region consisting of three Israeli-occupied territories: the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem. In foreign relations, Palestine was represented by the Palestine Liberation Organization, which was a permanent observer at the United Nations (to 29 November). Permanent observer at the United Nations (since 29 November). The Palestinian National Authority is an interim administrative body that exercised limited control over parts of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Gaza is under the control of Hamas.

{{flag|Panama}} – Republic of Panama {{capital|Panama City}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Papua New Guinea}} – Independent State of Papua New Guinea {{capital|Port Moresby}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm. Papua New Guinea has one autonomous region: Bougainville.

{{flag|Paraguay|1990}} – Republic of Paraguay {{capital|Asunción}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Peru}} – Republic of Peru {{capital|Lima}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Philippines}} – Republic of the Philippines {{capital|Manila}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. The Philippines had one autonomous region: Muslim Mindanao. The Philippines administered Scarborough Shoal, which was disputed by the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China. It also claims sovereignty over the Spratly Islands (disputed by the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China, Vietnam, Brunei, and Malaysia) and the Malaysian territory of Sabah.

{{flag|Poland}} – Republic of Poland {{capital|Warsaw}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.

{{flag|Portugal}} – Portuguese Republic {{capital|Lisbon}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. EU member. Portugal had two autonomous regions: the Azores and Madeira. Portugal claims the Spanish municipalities of Olivenza and Táliga.

Q


{{flag|Qatar}} – State of Qatar {{capital|Doha}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

R


{{flag|Romania}} {{capital|Bucharest}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.

{{flag|Russia}} – Russian Federation {{capital|Moscow}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state and a permanent member of the UN Security Council. Russia is a federation of 22 republics, 46 oblasts, 9 krais, 3 federal cities, 1 autonomous oblast, and 4 autonomous okrugs.[26]

{{flag|Rwanda}} – Republic of Rwanda{{capital|Kigali}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

S


{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} – Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis {{capital|Basseterre}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm. Saint Kitts and Nevis is a federation of fourteen parishes within two island.[27] Nevis (which is one of the islands) has autonomy.

{{flag|Saint Lucia}} {{capital|Castries}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm.

{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} {{capital|Kingstown}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm.

{{flag|Samoa}} – Independent State of Samoa {{capital|Apia}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|San Marino}} – Republic of San Marino {{capitalname|City of San Marino|San Marino}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe {{capital|São Tomé}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. São Tomé and Príncipe had one autonomous province: Príncipe.

{{flag|Saudi Arabia}} – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia {{capital|Riyadh}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Senegal}} – Republic of Senegal {{capital|Dakar}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Serbia}} – Republic of Serbia {{capital|Belgrade}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Serbia had two autonomous provinces: Vojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija. The latter was governed by the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo; Kosovo declared independence in 2008,[28] and is a partially recognized de facto independent republic.

{{flag|Seychelles}} – Republic of Seychelles {{capitalname|Victoria, Seychelles|Victoria}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. The Seychelles claims the British Indian Ocean Territory.

{{flag|Sierra Leone}} – Republic of Sierra Leone {{capital|Freetown}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Singapore}} – Republic of Singapore {{capital|Singapore}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Slovakia}} – Slovak Republic {{capital|Bratislava}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.

{{flag|Slovenia}} – Republic of Slovenia {{capital|Ljubljana}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.

{{flag|Solomon Islands}} {{capital|Honiara}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm.

{{flag|Somalia}} {{capital|Mogadishu}}
  • Somalia (to 1 August)
  • Federal Republic of Somalia (from 1 August)
{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Over the course of the Somali Civil War, several autonomous regional governments were established in the de jure territory of Somalia. Although these states did not claim independence from Somalia, they were de facto self-governing:
  • {{flagicon image|Flag of Ahlu Sunnah Waljamaca.png}} Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a
  • al-Shabaab
  • {{flagicon|Somalia}} Galmudug
  • {{flagicon|Somalia}} Himan and Heeb
  • {{flagicon image|Jubbaland2.png}} Jubaland/Azania
  • {{flag|Puntland}}

There were also areas of the country which at various times had no effective government at all or which were ruled by local clans. In addition, there is one state which has declared and established de facto independence from Somalia: Somaliland.


{{flag|South Africa}} – Republic of South Africa
Capital: Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), Bloemfontein (judicial){{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council.

{{flag|South Sudan}} – Republic of South Sudan {{capital|Juba}}{{extent}}Widely recognized independent state. UN member state. Disputes Abyei with the Republic of the Sudan. South Sudan is a federation of 10 states.[29]

{{flag|Spain}} – Kingdom of Spain {{capital|Madrid}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. EU member. Spain is divided into seventeen autonomous communities and two autonomous cities.[30] Its sovereignty over Ceuta, Isla de Alborán, Isla Perejil, Islas Chafarinas, Melilla and Peñón de Alhucemas is disputed by Morocco. Its sovereignty over Olivenza and Táliga is disputed by Portugal. It claims the British overseas territory of Gibraltar.

{{flag|Sri Lanka}} – Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
Capital: Sri Jayawardenapura-Kotte (administrative), Colombo (commercial){{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Sudan}} – Republic of the Sudan {{capital|Khartoum}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Sudan is a federation of 15 states (later 17).[31] Disputes Abyei with the Republic of the South Sudan

{{flag|Suriname}} – Republic of Suriname {{capital|Paramaribo}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Swaziland}} – Kingdom of Swaziland
Capital: Mbabane (administrative), Lobamba (royal and legislative){{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Sweden}} – Kingdom of Sweden {{capital|Stockholm}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.

{{flag|Switzerland}} – Swiss Confederation {{capital|Bern}}{{extent}}Widely recognized independent state. UN member state. Switzerland is a federation of 26 cantons.[32]

{{flag|Syria}} – Syrian Arab Republic {{capital|Damascus}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Syria included the Golan Heights, which were occupied by Israel. It disputed the Turkish sovereignty over Hatay Province. Syrian Arab Republic is widely viewed as the legitimate authority of Syria.

T


Taiwan {{arrow}} China, Republic of

{{flag|Tajikistan}} – Republic of Tajikistan {{capital|Dushanbe}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Tajikistan had one autonomous province: Gorno-Badakhshan.

{{flag|Tanzania}} – United Republic of Tanzania
Capital: Dodoma (official), Dar es Salaam (seat of government){{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Tanzania had one autonomous region: Zanzibar.

{{flag|Thailand|2011}} – Kingdom of Thailand {{capital|Bangkok}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Timor-Leste}} – Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste[33] {{capital|Dili}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Togo}} – Togolese Republic {{capital|Lomé}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council.

{{flag|Tonga}} – Kingdom of Tonga {{capital|Nukuʻalofa}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago {{capital|Port of Spain}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Trinidad and Tobago had one autonomous island: Tobago.

{{flag|Tunisia}} – Tunisian Republic {{capital|Tunis}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Turkey}} – Republic of Turkey {{capital|Ankara}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Turkmenistan}} {{capital|Ashgabat}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Tuvalu}} {{capital|Funafuti}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Commonwealth realm.

U


{{flag|Uganda}} – Republic of Uganda {{capital|Kampala}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Ukraine}} {{capital|Kiev}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Ukraine has one autonomous republic: Crimea.

{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} {{capital|Abu Dhabi}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. The United Arab Emirates is a federation of seven emirates.[34]

{{flag|United Kingdom}} – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland {{capital|London}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state and a permanent member of the UN Security Council. EU member. The United Kingdom is composed of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. It has sovereignty over the following British overseas territories:
  • {{flag|Anguilla}}
  • {{flag|Bermuda}}
  • {{flag|British Antarctic Territory}} (suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
  • {{flag|British Indian Ocean Territory}} (disputed by Mauritius and the Seychelles)
  • {{flag|British Virgin Islands}}
  • {{flag|Cayman Islands}}
  • {{flag|Falkland Islands}} (disputed by Argentina)
  • {{flag|Gibraltar}}
  • {{flag|Montserrat}}
  • {{flag|Pitcairn Islands}}
  • {{flag|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}}
  • {{flag|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}} (disputed by Argentina)
  • Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia
  • {{flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}}

In addition, the British Monarch (not the United Kingdom) has direct sovereignty over three self-governing Crown dependencies:

  • {{flag|Guernsey}}, with two dependencies:
    • {{flag|Alderney}}
    • {{flag|Sark}}
  • {{flag|Isle of Man}}
  • {{flag|Jersey}}

{{flag|United States}} – United States of America {{capital|Washington, D.C.}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state and a permanent member of the UN Security Council. The United States is a federation of 50 states, one federal district, and one incorporated territory.[35] It asserted sovereignty over the following inhabited insular areas:
  • {{flag|American Samoa}} (including Swains Island, disputed by Tokelau)
  • {{flag|Guam}}
  • {{flag|Northern Mariana Islands}}
  • {{flag|Puerto Rico}}
  • {{flag|United States Virgin Islands}}

It also asserted sovereignty over eight uninhabited unincorporated territories:[36]

  • Baker Island
  • Howland Island
  • Jarvis Island
  • Johnston Atoll
  • Kingman Reef
  • Midway Atoll
  • Navassa Island (claims by Haiti)
  • Wake Island (claims by the Marshall Islands)

The United States claims Bajo Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank. Its claim to Serranilla is disputed by Colombia and Nicaragua and its claim to Bajo Nuevo is disputed by Colombia, Jamaica, and Nicaragua. Some government sources stated that these two areas were unincorporated territories of the United States.


{{flag|Uruguay}} – Eastern Republic of Uruguay {{capital|Montevideo}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Uzbekistan}} – Republic of Uzbekistan {{capital|Tashkent}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Uzbekistan had one autonomous republic: Karakalpakstan.

V


{{flag|Vanuatu}} – Republic of Vanuatu {{capital|Port Vila}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Vatican City}} – Vatican City State {{capital|Vatican City}}{{extent}}Widely recognized independent state. Vatican City is administered by the Holy See, a sovereign entity recognized by a large number of countries and a Permanent observer at the United Nations. The Holy See also administered a number of extraterritorial properties in Italy. The Pope is the ex officio head of state of Vatican City.

{{flag|Venezuela}} – Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela {{capital|Caracas}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Venezuela is a federation of 23 states, one federal dependency, and one federal district.[37]

{{flag|Vietnam}} – Socialist Republic of Vietnam {{capital|Hanoi}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state. Vietnam claims sovereignty over the Paracel Islands (disputed by the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China) and Spratly Islands (disputed by the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China, Brunei, the Philippines, and Malaysia).

Y


{{flag|Yemen}} – Republic of Yemen {{capital|Sana'a}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

Z


{{flag|Zambia}} – Republic of Zambia {{capital|Lusaka}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

{{flag|Zimbabwe}} – Republic of Zimbabwe {{capital|Harare}}{{extent}}Widely recognized UN member state.

Non-UN members or observers

>
Name and capital cityInformation on status and recognition of sovereignty
{{flag|Abkhazia}} – Republic of Abkhazia {{capital|Sukhumi}}{{extent}}Partially recognized de facto self-governing entity. 3

{{flag|Azawad}} – State of Azawad (from 6 April to 12 July) {{capital|Gao}}{{extent}}De facto self-governing state. Not recognized by any other state. Claimed by Mali.Debellation by Ansar Dine and MUJAO completed on 12 July.[38]

{{flag|China, Republic of}}
Capital: Taipei (seat of government){{extent}}Partially recognized de facto independent state.[9] The Republic of China claims to be the sole legitimate government of China, but only administered Taiwan, Kinmen, the Matsu Islands, the Pratas Islands and Itu Aba.

{{flag|Cook Islands}} {{capital|Avarua}}{{extent}}A state in free association with New Zealand, recognized by Japan, Netherlands, and China. The Cook Islands is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity. It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship.

{{flag|Kosovo}} – Republic of Kosovo {{capital|Pristina}}{{extent}}Partially recognized de facto self-governing entity.[39] Claimed by Serbia as the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija under UN administration

{{flag|Nagorno-Karabakh}} – Nagorno-Karabakh Republic {{capital|Stepanakert}}{{extent}}De facto self-governing entity. Not recognized by any other state. claims by Azerbaijan.

{{flag|Niue}} {{capital|Alofi}}{{extent}}A state in free association with New Zealand, recognized by China. Niue is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity. It had shared citizenship with New Zealand.

{{flag|Northern Cyprus}} – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus {{capital|Lefkoşa}}{{extent}}Partially recognized de facto self-governing entity.[40] claims by the Republic of Cyprus.

{{flag|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}
Capital: Tifariti (temporary), El Aaiún (claimed){{extent}}Partially recognized de facto self-governing entity.[41] The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims the disputed territory of Western Sahara, most of which is under control of Morocco. The territories under its control, the so-called Free Zone, were claims by Morocco. Its government resided in exile in Tindouf, Algeria.

{{flag|Somaliland}} – Republic of Somaliland {{capital|Hargeisa}}{{extent}}De facto self-governing entity. Not recognized by any other state. claims by Somalia.

{{flag|South Ossetia}} – Republic of South Ossetia {{capital|Tskhinvali}}{{extent}}Partially recognized de facto independent state.[42] claimed by Georgia as the Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia.

{{flag|Transnistria|state}} – Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic {{capital|Tiraspol}}{{extent}}Partially recognized de facto self-governing entity.[43] claims by Moldova.

Other entities

Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities which either were not fully sovereign or did not claim to be independent:

  • {{flag|Antarctica}} as a whole had no government and no permanent population. Seven states claims portions of Antarctica and five of these had reciprocally recognised one another's claims.[44] These claims, which were regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, were neither recognised nor disputed by any other signatory state.[45]
  • {{flagicon|EU}} The European Union is a sui generis supranational organisation which had 27 member states. The member states had transferred a measure of their legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, and as such the EU had some elements of sovereignty, without generally being considered a sovereign state. The European Union did not claim to be a sovereign state and had only limited capacity for relations with other states.
  • {{flagicon|Sovereign Military Order of Malta}} The Sovereign Military Order of Malta is a United Nations observer. The order had bi-lateral diplomatic relations with a large number of states, but has no territory other than extraterritorial areas within Rome and Malta.[46] The order's Constitution stated: "The Order is a subject of international law and exercises sovereign functions."[47] Although the order frequently asserted its sovereignty, it did not claim to be a sovereign state. It lacked a defined territory. Since all its members were citizens of other states, almost all of them lived in their native countries, and those who resided in the order's extraterritorial properties in Rome did so only in connection with their official duties, the order lacked the characteristic of having a permanent population.

See also

  • List of sovereign states by year
  • List of state leaders in 2012

Notes

1. ^The name "Argentine Nation" is also used for the purposes of legislation.
2. ^23 Provinces: Buenos Aires, Catamarca,Chaco, Chubut, Córdoba, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquén, Río Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tierra del Fuego, Tucumán. 1 Autonomous City: Buenos Aires.
3. ^Armenia is not recognized by Pakistan.
4. ^6 States: New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia. 3 Territories: Australian Capital Territory, Jervis Bay Territory, Northern Territory.
5. ^9 States: Burgenland, Carinthia, Lower Austria, Salzburg, Styria, Tyrol, Upper Austria, Vorarlberg, Vienna.
6. ^3 Communities: Flemish Community, French Community, German-speaking Community. 3 Regions: Brussels-Capital Region, Flemish Region, Walloon Region.
7. ^26 States: Acre, Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins. 1 Federal District: Brazilian Federal District.
8. ^10 Provinces: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan. 3 Territories: Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon.
9. ^1 The People's Republic of China and the Republic of China did not recognize each other, as both states claims to be the sole legitimate government of China. The following states recognized the ROC instead of the PRC: Belize, Burkina Faso, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, the Gambia, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Nicaragua, Palau, Panama, Paraguay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, São Tomé and Príncipe, Solomon Islands, Swaziland, Tuvalu, and Vatican City.
10. ^Cyprus is not recognized by Turkey or Northern Cyprus
11. ^9 Regions: Afar, Amhara, Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambela, Harari, Oromiya, Somali, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region, Tigray. 2 Chartered Cities: Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa.
12. ^16 States: Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse, Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein, Thuringia
13. ^28 States: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal. 7 Union Territories: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Lakshadweep, National Capital Territory of Delhi, Puducherry.
14. ^Ireland also had the legal description of "Republic of Ireland", although this is not its constitutional name.
15. ^Israel is not recognized by Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Chad, Cuba, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, the United Arab Emirates, or Yemen.
16. ^North Korea is not recognized by the Republic of China, Estonia, France, Japan, or South Korea.
17. ^South Korea is not recognized by North Korea.
18. ^Provisionally referred to by the UN and a number of countries and international organizations as "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia", see Macedonia naming dispute.
19. ^13 States: Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Malacca, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Penang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor, Terengganu. 3 Federal Territories: Kuala Lumpur, Labuan, Putrajaya.
20. ^31 States: Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatán, Zacatecas. 1 Federal District: Federal District
21. ^4 States: Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, Yap.
22. ^Commonly known in English as "Burma".
23. ^36 States: Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara. 1 Federal Territory: Federal Capital Territory
24. ^4 Provinces: Balochistan, North-West Frontier Province, Punjab, Sindh. 4 Territories: Azad Kashmir, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Islamabad Capital Territory, Gilgit-Baltistan.
25. ^Palestine is recognised by Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Chad, the Central African Republic, Chile, China, Comoros, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, the Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, São Tomé and Príncipe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand (from 18 January), Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, the United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
26. ^22 Republics: Adygea, Altai, Bashkortostan, Buryatia, Chechnya, Chuvash Republic, Crimea, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Kalmykia, Karachay–Cherkessia, Karelia, Khakassia, Komi, Mari El, Mordovia, North Ossetia–Alania, Sakha, Tatarstan, Tuva, Udmurtia. 46 Oblasts: Amur, Arkhangelsk, Astrakhan, Belgorod, Bryansk, Chelyabinsk, Irkutsk, Ivanovo, Kaliningrad, Kaluga, Kemerovo, Kirov, Kostroma, Kurgan, Kursk, Leningrad, Lipetsk, Magadan, Moscow, Murmansk, Nizhny Novgorod, Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Orenburg, Oryol, Penza, Pskov, Rostov, Ryazan, Sakhalin, Samara, Saratov, Smolensk, Sverdlovsk, Tambov, Tomsk, Tula, Tver, Tyumen, Ulyanovsk, Vladimir, Volgograd, Vologda, Voronezh, Yaroslavl. 9 Krais: Altai, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Perm, Primorsky, Stavropol, Zabaykalsky. 3 Federal Cities: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sevastopol. 1 Autonomous Oblast: Jewish Autonomous Oblast. 4 Autonomous Okrungs: Chukotka, Khanty–Mansi, Nenetsia, Yamalia.
27. ^2 Islands: Saint Kitts, Nevis.14 parishes: Christ Church Nichola Town (Saint Kitts), Saint Anne Sandy Point (Saint Kitts), Saint George Basseterre (Saint Kitts), Saint George Gingerland (Nevis), Saint James Windward (Nevis), Saint John Capesterre (Saint Kitts), Saint John Figtree (Nevis), Saint Mary Cayon (Saint Kitts), Saint Paul Capisterre (Saint Kitts), Saint Paul Charlestown (Nevis), Saint Peter Basseterre (Saint Kitts), Saint Thomas Lowland (Nevis), Saint Thomas Middle Island (Saint Kitts), Trinity Palmetto Point (Saint Kitts).
28. ^{{cite web|title=UNMIK Background|url=https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/unmik/background.shtml|publisher=UN|accessdate=21 January 2015}}
29. ^10 states: Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Western Bahr el Ghazal, Lakes, Warrap, Western Equatoria, Central Equatoria, Eastern Equatoria, Jonglei, Unity, Upper Nile.
30. ^17 Autonomous Communities: Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, Balearic Islands, Basque Country, Canary Islands, Cantabria, Castile-La Mancha, Castile and León, Catalonia, Extremadura, Galicia, Madrid, Murcia, Navarre, La Rioja, Valencian Community. 2 Autonomous Cities: Ceuta, Melilla.
31. ^18 States: Blue Nile, Central Darfur (from January), East Darfur (from January), Al Jazirah, Kassala, Khartoum, North Darfur, North Kurdufan, Northern, Al Qadarif, Red Sea, River Nile, Sennar, South Darfur, South Kurdufan, West Darfur, White Nile.
32. ^26 Cantons: Aargau, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-Stadt, Basel-Landschaft, Bern, Fribourg, Geneva, Glarus, Graubünden, Jura, Lucerne, Neuchâtel, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, St. Gallen, Thurgau, Ticino, Uri, Valais, Vaud, Zug, Zürich
33. ^Commonly known in English as "East Timor".
34. ^7 Emirates: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah, and Umm al-Qaiwain.
35. ^50 States: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming. 1 Federal District: District of Columbia. 1 Incorporated Territory: Palmyra Atoll.
36. ^These islands were sometimes designated for statistical purposes as the United States Minor Outlying Islands
37. ^23 States: Amazonas, Anzoátegui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Falcón, Guárico, Lara, Mérida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Táchira, Trujillo, Vargas, Yaracuy, Zulia. 1 Federal District: Capital District. 1 Federal Dependency: Federal Dependencies.
38. ^http://www.france24.com/en/20120712-al-qaeda-linked-islamists-drive-malis-tuaregs-last-stronghold-ansogo-timbuktu-mnla-ansar-dine-mujao
39. ^Kosovo is recognized by Afghanistan, Albania, Andorra, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Brunei (25 April), Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi (16 October), Canada, Central African Republic, Chad (1 June), Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica (11 December), Dominican Republic, Estonia, Fiji (19 November), Finland, France, Gabon, the Gambia, Germany, Ghana (23 January), Guinea-Bissau, Haiti (10 February), Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Jordan, Kiribati, Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Federated States of Micronesia, Monaco, Montenegro, Nauru, Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Oman, Palau, Pakistan (24 December), Panama, Papua New Guinea (3 October), Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, the Republic of China, Saint Kitts and Nevis (28 November), Saint Lucia, Samoa, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, Somalia, South Korea, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Timor-Leste (20 September), Turkey, Tuvalu, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Vanuatu.
40. ^Northern Cyprus is recognized only by Turkey.
41. ^the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is recognized by Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Botswana, Burundi, Cambodia, Chad, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Iran, Jamaica, Laos, Lesotho, Libya, Madagascar, Mali, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, North Korea, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Suriname, Syria, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
42. ^Abkhazia is recognized by South Ossetia, Transnistria, Nagorno-Karabakh, Russia, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Nauru, and Vanuatu.
43. ^Transnistria is recognized by Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
44. ^{{Citation | last = Rogan-Finnemore | first = Michelle | year = 2005 | contribution = What Bioprospecting Means for Antarctica and the Southern Ocean | editor-last = Von Tigerstrom | editor-first = Barbara | title = International Law Issues in the South Pacific | publisher = Ashgate Publishing | page = 204 | isbn = 0-7546-4419-7}} "Australia, New Zealand, France, Norway and the United Kingdom reciprocally recognize the validity of each other's claims."
45. ^[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ay.html CIA – the World Factbook – Antarctica] – accessed 19 January 2008
46. ^Bilateral relations with countries {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080626003221/http://www.orderofmalta.org/attdiplomatica.asp?idlingua=5 |date=2008-06-26 }}, Retrieved 2009-12-22
47. ^{{cite book | last = Chapter General of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Constitutional Charter and Code of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes, and of Malta, promulgated 27 June 1961, revised by the Extraordinary Chapter General 28–30 April 1997, Article 3 "Sovereignty," Paragraph 1. | publisher = Tipografia Arte della Stampa | date = 1998-01-12 | location = Rome | pages = 11 | url = http://www.orderofmalta.org/site/pdf/Constit._Charter_and_code.pdf }}
{{Lists of sovereign states by year| expanded=CE}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Sovereign states in 2012}}

2 : 2012-related lists|Lists of sovereign states in the 21st century
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/11 22:10:44