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词条 List of sunken aircraft carriers
释义

  1. France

  2. Germany

  3. Italy

  4. Japan

  5. United Kingdom

  6. United States

  7. See also

  8. Footnotes

  9. References

  10. External links

{{short description|Wikimedia list article}}{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}

With the advent of heavier-than-air flight, the aircraft carrier has become a decisive weapon at sea.[1] In 1911 aircraft began to be successfully launched and landed on ships with the successful flight of a Curtiss Pusher aboard {{USS|Pennsylvania|ACR-4|6}}.[2] The British Royal Navy pioneered the first aircraft carrier as floatplanes, as flying boats under performed compared to traditional land based aircraft.[3] The first true aircraft carrier was {{HMS|Argus|I49|6}},[2][4] launched in late 1917 with a complement of 20 aircraft and a flight deck {{convert|550|ft|m|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|68|ft|m|abbr=on}} wide.[4] The last aircraft carrier sunk in wartime was the {{ship|Japanese aircraft carrier|Amagi}}, in Kure Harbour in July 1945. The greatest loss of life was the 2,046 killed on {{ship|Japanese aircraft carrier|Akitsu Maru||2}}—a converted passenger liner with a small flight deck, carrying the Imperial Japanese Army's 64th Infantry Regiment.

France

ImageShipTypeAircraft componentSinking
DateLocationCasualtiesConditions
Biter|D97|2}} later Dixmude Escort carrier 21 aircraft 10 June 1966 Mediterranean Sea — Out of service 1953. Sunk by United States Navy as target.

Germany

ImageShipTypeAircraft componentSinking
DateLocationCasualtiesConditions
German aircraft carrier|Graf Zeppelin2} Fleet carrier 42 aircraft 16 August 194755|31|03|N|18|17|09|E|type:landmark_scale:2500000}} — Never completed during World War II and extensively damaged by retreating Germans. Raised but later sunk by USSR as target.

Italy

ImageShipTypeAircraft componentSinking
DateLocationCasualtiesConditions
Italian aircraft carrier|Aquila2} Fleet carrier 51 aircraft 19 April 1945 Genova Harbor, Italy —Never completed. Sunk by Italian divers to prevent use as a blockship by Germans.
Italian aircraft carrier|Sparviero2} Light carrier 34 aircraft 5 October 1944 Genova Harbor, Italy — Never completed. Sunk by Germans to block Genova Harbor

Japan

ImageShipTypeAircraft componentSinking
DateLocationCasualtiesConditions
Japanese aircraft carrier|Akagi2} Fleet carrier 66 aircraft 5 June 194230|30|N|178|40|W|}} 267 Crippled by dive bombers during the Battle of Midway later sunk by torpedoes from Japanese destroyers the following day.
Japanese aircraft carrier|Akitsu Maru2} Escort carrier 8 aircraft 15 November 1944 East China Sea 2,046Queenfish|SS-393|6}}
Japanese aircraft carrier|Amagi2} Fleet carrier 66 aircraft 27 July 1945 Kure Harbor "Light" Sunk during the attack on Kure Harbour 24–27 July
Japanese aircraft carrier|Chitose2} Light carrier 30 aircraft 25 October 194419|20|N|126|20|E|}} 903 Sunk by torpedo bombers during the Battle of Leyte Gulf
Japanese aircraft carrier|Chiyoda2} Light carrier 30 aircraft 25 October 194418|37|N|126|45|E|}} 1,470Santa Fe|CL-60|6}}, {{USS|Mobile|CL-63|6}}, {{USS|Wichita|CA-45|6}}, and {{USS|New Orleans|CA-32|6}} during the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
Japanese aircraft carrier|Chuyo2} Escort carrier 27 aircraft 4 December 194332|37|N|143|39|E|}} 1,250Sailfish|SS-192|6}}
Japanese aircraft carrier|Hiyō2} Fleet carrier 53 aircraft 20 June 194416|20|N|132|32|E|}} 247 Sunk by torpedo bombers during the Battle of the Philippine Sea
Japanese aircraft carrier|Hiryū2} Fleet carrier 53 aircraft 5 June 1942 Midway Atoll 385Japanese destroyer|Makigumo|1941|6}}
Japanese aircraft carrier|Kaga2} Fleet carrier 72 aircraft 5 June 1942 Midway Atoll 811Japanese destroyer|Hagikaze}}
Japanese aircraft carrier|Ryūjō2} Light carrier 48 aircraft 24 August 1942 Solomon Islands 120 Sunk by torpedo bombers and dive bombers during the Battle of the Eastern Solomons
Japanese aircraft carrier|Shinano2} Fleet carrier 47 aircraft 29 November 194432|0|N|137|0|E|}} 1,435Archer-Fish}}
Japanese aircraft carrier|Shinyo2} Escort carrier 27 aircraft 17 November 1944 East China Sea 1,130Spadefish|SS-411|6}}
Japanese aircraft carrier|Shōhō2} Light carrier 30 aircraft 6 May 194216|07|S|151|54|E|}} 834 Sunk by dive bombers during the Battle of the Coral Sea.
Japanese aircraft carrier|Shōkaku2} Fleet carrier 72 aircraft 19 June 194411|40|N|137|40|E|}} 1,272Cavalla|SS-244|6}} during the Battle of the Philippine Sea.
Japanese aircraft carrier|Sōryū2} Fleet carrier 57 aircraft 4 June 194230|38|N|179|13|W|}} 711 Sunk by dive bombers during the Battle of Midway.
Japanese aircraft carrier|Taihō2} Fleet carrier 65 aircraft 19 June 194412|05|N|138|12|E|}} 1,650Albacore|SS-218|6}} during the Battle of the Philippine Sea.
Japanese aircraft carrier|Unryū2} Fleet carrier 57 aircraft 19 December 194429|59|N|124|03|E|}} 1,238Redfish|SS-395|6}}
Japanese aircraft carrier|Unyō2} Escort carrier 27 aircraft 17 September 194419|8|N|116|36|E|}} 239Barb|SS-220|6}}
Japanese aircraft carrier|Zuihō2} Light carrier 30 aircraft 25 October 194419|20|N|125|15|E|}} 215 Sunk by aircraft from US Navy Task Force 38 during the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
Japanese aircraft carrier|Zuikaku2} Fleet carrier 72 aircraft 25 October 194419|20|N|125|51|E|}} 843 Sunk by aircraft from US Navy Task Force 38 during the Battle of Leyte Gulf

United Kingdom

ImageShipTypeAircraft componentSinking
DateLocationCasualtiesConditions
Ark Royal|91|2}} Fleet carrier 60 aircraft 14 November 194136|3|N|4|45|W|}} 1U-81|1941|2}} on 13 November 1941. Sank while under tow to Gibraltar.
Audacity|D10|2}} Escort carrier 8 aircraft 21 December 194143|45|N|19|54|W|}} 73U-7512}
Avenger|D14|2}} Escort carrier 15 aircraft 15 November 194236|15|N|07|45|W|}} 516 Torpedoed by German submarine U-151
Courageous|50|2}} Fleet carrier 48 aircraft 17 September 193950|10|N|14|45|W|}} 519U-29|1936|2}}
Dasher|D37|2}} Escort carrier 15 aircraft 27 March 1943 {{coord>55|36|N|5|00|W|}} 379 Sunk from internal explosion of unknown cause.
Eagle|1918|2}} Fleet carrier 30 aircraft 11 August 194238|3|N|3|1|E|}} 131U-73|1940|2}}
Glorious2} Fleet carrier 48 aircraft 8 June 1940{{Coord>68|38|N|03|50|E|}} 1,207German battleship|ScharnhorstGerman battleship|Gneisenau2}.
Hermes|95|2}} Fleet carrier 20 aircraft 9 April 1942 Indian Ocean east of Batticaloa, Sri Lanka 307 Sunk by Imperial Japanese aircraft.

United States

ImageShipTypeAircraft componentSinking
DateLocationCasualtiesConditions
America|CV-66|2}} Fleet carrier 79 aircraft 14 May 2005 Cape Hatteras — Scuttled after being used as target
Bismarck Sea|CVE-95|2}} Escort carrier 27 aircraft 21 February 1945 Off Iwo Jima 318 Sunk by two Japanese kamikaze aircraft during the Battle of Iwo Jima
Block Island|CVE-21|2}} Escort carrier 24 aircraft 29 May 1944 Off the Canary Islands 6 Torpedoed by German submarine U-549
Gambier Bay|CVE-73|2}} Escort carrier 28 aircraft 25 October 1944 Off Samar Island in the Philippines 130 Sunk by Japanese surface ships of center force during the Battle off Samar
Hornet|CV-8|2}} Fleet carrier 90 aircraft 27 October 1942 Off the Santa Cruz Islands 140Japanese destroyer|Makigumo|1941|2}} and {{Ship|Japanese destroyer|Akigumo|1941|2}} after failed attempt to scuttle.
Independence|CVL-22|2}} Light carrier 30 aircraft 29 September 1951 Farallon Islands — Used as target during Operation Crossroads and later scuttled after decontamination tests
Langley|CV-1|2}} Seaplane tender (ex fleet carrier) 34 aircraft 27 February 1942 about 75 mi south of Tjilatjap harbor (Java) 16 Crippled by Japanese dive bombers later scuttled by torpedoes and gunfire from the escorting ships
Lexington|CV-2|2}} Fleet carrier 91 aircraft 8 May 1942 Coral Sea 216 Sunk by Japanese torpedo bombers during the Battle of the Coral Sea
Liscome Bay|CVE-56|2}} Escort carrier 28 aircraft 24 November 1943 off Butaritari Island 644 Torpedoed by Japanese submarine I-175
Ommaney Bay|CVE-79|2}} Escort carrier 28 aircraft 4 January 1945 Sulu Sea 95Burns|DD-588|6}}
Oriskany|CV-34|2}} Fleet carrier 91 aircraft 17 May 2006 off Pensacola, Florida — Sunk to become an artificial reef
Princeton|CVL-23|2}} Light carrier 45 aircraft 24 October 1944 Leyte Gulf 108 Sunk by land based Japanese bomber during the Battle of Leyte Gulf
St. Lo|CVE-63|2}} Escort carrier 28 aircraft 25 October 1944 Leyte Gulf 143 Sunk by Japanese kamikaze aircraft during the Battle off Samar
Saratoga|CV-3|2}} Fleet carrier 91 aircraft 25 July 1946 Bikini Atoll — Sunk as target during Operation Crossroads
Wasp|CV-7|2}} Fleet carrier 76 aircraft 15 September 1942 Southeast of San Cristobal Island 193Japanese submarine|I-192}
Yorktown|CV-5|2}} Fleet carrier 90 aircraft 7 June 1942 North of Midway Island 81I-1682} while under tow.

See also

  • List of sunken battleships
  • List of sunken battlecruisers
  • List of sunken nuclear submarines
  • List of aircraft carriers
  • Timeline for aircraft carrier service
  • List of aircraft carriers by country

Footnotes

1. ^Bishop & Chant, p. 1
2. ^1 Bishop & Chant, p. 8
3. ^Bishop & Chant, p. 9
4. ^1 Polmar, p. 30

References

  • {{cite book | last1 = Bishop| first1 = Chris | last2 = Chant | first2 = Chris | title = Aircraft Carriers The world's greatest naval vessels and their aircraft | year = 2004 | location = St. Paul, Minnesota | publisher = MBI Publishing Company | isbn = 0760320055 | oclc = }}
  • {{cite book | last = Fontenoy| first = Paul E. | title = Aircraft Carriers: an illustrated history of their impact | year = 2006 | location = Santa Barbara, California| publisher = ABC-CLIO | isbn = 185109573X }}
  • {{cite book | last = Polmar| first = Norman | title = Aircraft Carriers: a history of carrier aviation and its influence on world events | year = 2006 | location = Dulles, Virginia| publisher = Potomac Books Inc. | isbn = 1574886630 }}

External links

  • British escort carriers in WW2
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20110928153329/http://www.bobhenneman.info/grafzeppelin.htm German carrier "Graf Zeppelin"]
  • Italian carriers in WW2 {{it icon}}
  • Japanese carriers in WW2
  • US carriers in WW2
{{Lists of aircraft carriers}}

2 : Lists of aircraft carriers|Lists of shipwrecks
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