| 词条 | Shashka |
| 释义 |
The shashka ({{lang-ru|шашка}}) or shasqua ({{lang-ady|сэшхуэ}}, {{IPA-all|saʃxʷa|}} — longknife) is a special kind of sabre; a very sharp, single-edged, single-handed, and guardless backsword. In appearance, the shashka is midway between a full sabre and a straight sword. It has a slightly curved blade, and can be effective for both slashing and thrusting. The blade is either hollowed or fullered. There is no guard, but a large, curved pommel. The hilt is frequently highly decorated. Shashkas from the Caucausus, as opposed to Russian versions, are carried in wooden scabbards that encloses part of the hilt. It is worn with the cutting edge up, opposite to the sabre. HistoryThe shashka originated among the mountain tribes of the Caucasus in the 12th century.{{Citation needed|date=March 2013}} Later, most of the Russian and Ukrainian Cossacks adopted the weapon. Two styles of shashka exist: the Caucasian/Circassian shashka and the Cossack shashka. The typically Circassian (Adyghe) form of sabre was longer than the Cossack type, in fact the Russian word shashka originally came from the Adyghe word - {{lang-ady|Шашькуэ}} (Shash ko) - meaning "long knife". It gradually replaced the sabre in all cavalry units except hussars during the 19th century. Russian troops, having encountered it during their conquest of the Caucasus (1817-1864), preferred it to their issued sabres. The Russian Caucasian Corps first adopted it in the 1830s. In 1881, the shashka became an official weapon of Russian troops and police. At this time there were three types of shashka:
Construction{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2010}}The absence of the guard is inherited from the original Caucasian construction, in which the shashka is nearly completely hidden in the scabbard, together with the hilt. The hilt is slightly curved down, thus providing an additional leverage for pulling the shashka and for additional force by wrist action. The handle of the sabre was crafted so as to have a built-in pommel and possibly a small guard, which usually extended to only one side of the hilt. Like most medieval and then imperial Russian weaponry of the time, often the shashka and its scabbard were very ornately decorated, with gold and silver engravings, embedded gems and stones placed into, and figures carved out of or into, the hilts.{{Citation needed|date=October 2011}} The blade of the sabre was generally double or triple-fullered,{{Citation needed|date=October 2011}} and due to its greater width than that of the European sabre,{{Citation needed|date=October 2011}} and its unique styles of tempering,{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} it was much stronger too,{{Citation needed|date=October 2011}} able to deal damage to light body armour.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} The shashka has the feel of a European sabre and was notable for its sharpness. There has been film footage of Tsar Nicholas II (1868–1918) using a Circassian sabre in an overhead twirling motion to horizontally cut pieces from a wooden pole.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} See also
References{{commonscat|Shashka}}{{Swords by region}}{{Russian souvenirs|state=uncollapsed}}Қылыш 5 : Military organization of Cossacks|Sabres|Single-edged swords|Weapons of Russia|European swords |
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