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词条 List of the last monarchs in Europe
释义

  1. See also

  2. References

This is a list of last monarchs of Europe.

Nation / territoryMonarchTitleBirthRuled fromRule CeasedReasonDeathArmsRef
Albania|1939}} Albania Victor Emmanuel III King of Albania 11 November 1869 16 April 1939 3 September 1943 Armistice of Cassibile 28 December 1947[1]
Austria-Hungary}} Austria Charles I Emperor of Austria 17 August 1887 21 November 1916 11 November 1918 Parliament passed the Habsburg Law 1 April 1922[2]
Bulgaria}} Bulgaria Simeon II Tsar of Bulgaria 16 June 1937 28 August 1943 15 September 1946 Republican constitution adopted
(Referendum)		 living[3]
Independent State of Croatia}} Croatia Tomislav II King of Croatia 9 March 1900 18 May 1941 31 July 1943 Abdicated 29 January 1948[4]
Kingdom of Bohemia}} Czechia Charles III King of Bohemia 17 August 1887 21 November 1916 28 October 1918 Proclamation of the First Czechoslovak Republic 1 April 1922[5]
Russia}} Finland Nicholas II Grand Duke of Finland 18 May 1868 1 November 1894 15 March 1917Abdicated 17 July 1918[6]
France}} France Napoleon III Emperor of the French 20 April 1808 2 December 1852 4 September 1870 9 January 1873[7]
German Empire}} Germany
{{flagicon|Kingdom of Prussia}} Prussia		 Wilhelm II Emperor of Germany and
King of Prussia		 27 January 1859 15 June 1888 9 November 1918 9 June 1941[8]
Kingdom of Greece}} Greece Constantine II King of the Hellenes 2 June 1940 6 March 1964 1 June 1973 Deposed living[9]
Kingdom of Hungary}} Charles IV King of Hungary 17 August 1887 21 November 1916 16 November 1918 Abdicated 1 April 1922[10]
Iceland}} Iceland Christian X King of Iceland 26 September 1870 14 May 1912 17 June 1944 Republican constitution adopted
(Referendum)		 20 April 1947[11]
Ireland}} Irish Free State George VI King of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas 14 December 1895 11 December 1936 29 December 1937 Constitution of Ireland 6 February 1952
Italy|1861}} Italy Umberto II King of Italy 15 September 1904 9 May 1946 18 June 1946 Republican constitution adopted
(Referendum)		 18 March 1983[12]
Malta}} Malta Elizabeth II Queen of Malta 21 April 1926 6 February 1952 13 December 1974 Republican constitution adopted living[13]
Kingdom of Montenegro}} Montenegro Nicholas I King of Montenegro 7 October 1841 28 August 1910 26 November 1918 Monarchy abolished by the Podgorica Assembly 1 March 1921[14]
Portugal|1830 }} Portugal Manuel II King of Portugal and the Algarves 15 November 1889 1 February 1908 5 October 1910 Abdicated 2 July 1932[15]
Romania}} Romania Michael I King of the Romanians 25 October 1921 6 September 1940 30 December 1947 Monarchy abolished by the Communist government 5 December 2017[16]
Russia }} Russia Nicholas II Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russia 18 May 1868 1 November 1894 15 March 1917 Abdicated 17 July 1918[17]
Kingdom of Serbia}} Serbia Peter I King of Serbia 11 July 1844 15 June 1903 1 December 1918merged with Montenegro 16 August 1921[18]
Kingdom of Yugoslavia}} Yugoslavia Peter II King of Yugoslavia 6 September 1923 9 October 1934 29 November 1945 Deposed 3 November 1970[19]
{{flagicon image|Royal Banner of Stanisław II of Poland.svg}} Polish–Lithuanian CommonwealthStanisław IIKing of Poland17 January 17327 September 176425 November 1795Abdicated12 February 1798[20]
Grand Duke of Lithuania

See also

  • Monarchies in Europe

References

1. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=wm_YDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=Victor+Emmanuel+III++throne+of+albania+1943#v=onepage&q=Victor%20Emmanuel%20III%20%20throne%20of%20albania%201943&f=false|title=World War II: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection [5 volumes]: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2016|isbn=9781851099696|volume=I|location=Santa Barbara, CA|pages=91|language=en}}
2. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=V6DURCH53f4C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=first%20republic&f=false|title=Modern Austria: Empire and Republic, 1815-1986|last=Jelavich|first=Barbara|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1987|isbn=9780521316255|location=Cambridge|pages=154|language=en}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/enlargement/interview/bulgarias-simeon-time-to-leave-a-mark-after-so-many-years-of-isolation/|title=Bulgaria's Simeon: Time to leave a mark after so many years of isolation|last=Gotev|first=Georgi|date=2017-11-20|website=euractiv.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-01-23}}
4. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=y0in2wOY-W0C&q=tomislav#v=onepage&q=the%20state%20of%20croatia&f=false|title=Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation, Analysis of Government, Proposals for Redress|last=Lemkin|first=Raphael|publisher=The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd.|year=2005|isbn=9781584779018|location=Clark, NJ|pages=253|language=en|orig-year=1944}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://blog.europeana.eu/2018/07/czechs-and-slovaks-fighting-for-independence-during-world-war-one/|title=Czechs and Slovaks fighting for independence during World War One {{!}} Europeana Blog|last=|first=|date=19 July 2018|website=Europeana|language=en-GB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-23}}
6. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=XtgUQ42DRnYC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=From Grand Duchy to a Modern State: A Political History of Finland Since 1809|last=Jussila|first=Osmo|last2=Hentilä|first2=Seppo|last3=Nevakivi|first3=Jukka|publisher=Hurst & Company|year=1999|isbn=9781850655282|location=London|pages=93|language=en|orig-year=1995}}
7. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=g6GaBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA524&lpg=PA524&dq=Napoleon+III+1870+abdicate#v=onepage&q=Napoleon%20III%201870%20abdicate&f=false|title=Voyages in World History, Volume II, Brief|last=Hansen|first=Valerie|last2=Curtis|first2=Kenneth R.|publisher=Cengage Learning|year=2016|isbn=9781305537729|volume=2|location=Boston. MA|pages=524|language=en}}
8. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=xTnqCQAAQBAJ|title=Wilhelm II: Volume 2, Emperor and Exile, 1900-1941|last=Cecil|first=Lamar|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1996|isbn=9780807860748|location=Chapel Hill, NC|pages=292|language=en}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/politics/news/a3607/king-without-a-country/|title=Why Is the King of Greece Living as a Commoner?|last=Gage|first=Nicholas|last2=Gage|first2=Joan Paulson|date=2015-08-21|website=Town & Country|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-23}}
10. ^{{Cite web|url=https://hungarytoday.hu/charles-iv-99622/|title=The Last Hungarian King Was Crowned 100 Years Ago – Exhibition Opened In National Museum|last=Székely|first=Tamás|date=20 December 2016|website=Hungary Today|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-23}}
11. ^{{Cite web|url=https://grapevine.is/mag/articles/2014/05/29/the-nazi-king-of-iceland/|title=The Nazi King Of Iceland|last=Guðmundsson|first=Helgi Hrafn|date=29 May 2014|website=The Reykjavik Grapevine|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-23}}
12. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=axgfeXGFvF8C|title=Italy and Its Monarchy|last=Smith|first=Denis Mack|publisher=Yale University Press|year=1992|isbn=9780300051322|location=|pages=340|language=en}}
13. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20091212/opinion/the-republic-of-malta.285600|title=The Republic of Malta|last=Zammit Marmarà|first=Desmond|date=12 December 2009|website=Times of Malta|language=en-GB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-23}}
14. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/montenegro_bill_rehabilitate_royal_family/4747540.html|title=Government Bill Aims To Rehabilitate Montenegro's Royal Family|last=|first=|date=18 April 2011|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-23}}
15. ^{{Cite web|url=http://royalcentral.co.uk/blogs/what-happened-to-portugals-monarchy-108403|title=What happened to Portugal's monarchy?|last=Starbuck|first=Lydia|date=2018-09-22|website=Royal Central|language=en-GB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-23}}
16. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/05/michael-1-of-romania|title=Michael I of Romania Obituary: Former monarch and last surviving head of state from the second world war|last=Dunlop|first=Tessa|date=2017-12-05|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-01-23|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}
17. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=5k4adFOv4tAC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Nicholas II: Last of the Tsars|last=Ferro|first=Marc|date=1995|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195093827|language=en}}
18. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.royalfamily.org/dynasty/hm-king-peter-i-of-the-serbs-croats-and-slovenes/|title=HM King Peter I of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes|website=Royal Family of Serbia|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-23}}
19. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2013-05-26/serbia-holds-state-funeral-yugoslavias-last-king|title=Serbia holds state funeral for Yugoslavia's last king|last=Langlois|first=Jill|date=26 May 2013|website=Public Radio International|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-23}}
20. ^{{Cite journal|last=Kaplan|first=Herbert Harold|date=Winter 1957|title=The Election of the Last King of Poland: Stanislas Augustus Poniatowski|journal=The Polish Review|volume=2|issue=1|pages=27–49|jstor=25776095}}
{{Monarchies}}{{Former Monarchies}}{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of The Last Monarchs In Europe}}

3 : Lists of monarchs|History of Europe|History-related lists of superlatives
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