| 释义 |
- North of the line of battle
- Western end of the line of battle
- Centre of the line of battle
- Eastern end of the line of battle
- South of the line of battle
- Monuments
- See also
- Notes
- References
- External links
{{short description|Wikimedia list article}}The Waterloo Battlefield is located in the municipalities of Braine-l'Alleud and Lasne and Waterloo,{{sfn|Marcelis|2015}} about {{convert|15|km|mi}} south of Brussels, and about {{convert|2|km|mi}} from the town of Waterloo. The ordering of the places in the list is north to south and west to east. North of the line of battle- Sonian Forest—{{coord|50|46|0|N|4|25|0|E}}—lies to the north of the battlefield on the approach to Brussels. Napoleon Bonaparte in Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire de France en 1815, avec le plan de la bataille de Mont-Saint-Jean repeatedly criticised the Duke of Wellington's choice of battlefield because of the forest to his rear. For example on page 207 — "The position of Mont-Saint-Jean was ill-chosen. The first requisite of a field of battle, is, to have no defiles in its rear. The injudicious choice of his field of battle, rendered all retreat impossible".{{sfn|LLG staff|1820|p=68}} This criticism has itself been criticised, with various explanation as to why Bonaparte was wrong.
- Waterloo, Belgium —{{coord|50|43|2.89|N|4|23|52.48|E}} —It is now a small town, but at the time of the battle it was a village in which most of the senior Anglo-allied officers were billeted the nights before and after the battle. It was here that Wellington wrote his after battle report (dispatch to Lord Bathurst, 19 June 1815). The inn in which Wellington stayed was located opposite the Church of Saint Joseph and is now the Wellington Museum ({{coord|50|43|3.5004|N|4|23|53.25|E|region:BE}}).
- The farm of Mont-Saint-Jean, Waterloo—{{coord|50|41|9.1|N|4|24|35.71|E}}—is slightly to the south of the hamlet of the same name and is located on the plateau behind the battle line. Mont-Saint-Jean was the name given to the battle by Napoleon.
Western end of the line of battle- Châteaux Hougoumont—{{Coord|50|40|14.27|N|4|23|41.28|E|region:BE_type:landmark_source:enwiki}}—A large farmhouse held by the British Guards throughout the day in a battle within a battle. Wellington described the closing of the gates after the French had broken into the courtyard to be the single most significant event to happen during the Battle of Waterloo, and it is the subject of the memorial to the British Army, placed just outside the gates that was unveiled on 17 June 2015.
- Lion's Mound—{{Coord|50|40|42|N|4|24|17|E|region:BE_type:landmark_source:enwiki}}—A memorial built shortly after the battle. A panoramic view of the battlefield can be seen from its summit.
Centre of the line of battle- The Waterloo Elm—{{coord|50|40|48.58|N|4|24|42.08|E|region:BE}}— Located just south west of the intersection of the sunken land and the Genappe–Brussels main road, the Waterloo Elm was Wellington's command post for much of the battle. The tree was killed by souvenir hunters after the battle. It was felled in 1818 and made into furniture, which included a chair presented to George IV that remains in the British Royal Collection.{{sfn|Bellaigue|1978}}{{sfn|RC staff|2015}}
- La Haye Sainte–{{coord|50|40|41|N|4|24|42.67|E|region:BE}} —A farmhouse and a key bastion for the defence of Wellington's line held by about 400 riflemen of the Kings German Legion. It was eventually captured by the French.
Eastern end of the line of battleThe following four locations provided the eastern bulwark of the Anglo-allied line: - Papelotte — {{coord|50|40|49|N|4|26|02|E|region:BE}} — A hastily fortified farmhouse similar to La Haye Sainte
- La Haye, Lasne — {{coord|50|40|49.55|N|4|26|10.39|E|region:BE}} — A hastily fortified farmhouse less than {{convert|150|m|yards}} to the east of Papelotte, but its farmyard was not fully enclosed.
- Smohain — {{coord|50|40|50.63|N|4|26|33.07|E|region:BE}} — a hamlet in a defile which on the day of the battle contained a marshy stream swollen by the overnight rain.
- Châteaux Frischermont — {{coord|50|40|39.47|N|4|26|41.64|E|region:BE}} — A hastily fortified châteaux similar to Hougoumont but not so heavily defended.
South of the line of battle- La Belle Alliance — {{coord|50|40|06.0|N|4|24|49.0|E|region:BE}} — This inn was visible from the Waterloo Elm on the escarpment where Welling marshalled his army. Napoleon spent some time observing the battle close to the inn and stood in one of the squares of Imperial Guard at the end of the battle before fleeing via Genappe. It is also reputed to be the place where Wellington and Blucher met at the end of the battle.
- Decoster's house — {{coord|50|39|50.72|N|4|24|49.72|E|region:BE}} — At about 17:00 Napoleon moved to a hillock on the opposite side of the Brussels–Genappe road where he remained until about 19:00. He then advanced part of the way with the Imperial Guard past La Belle Alliance and into the valley below of La Haye Sainte, from where he observed the final attack of the Guard against the Anglo-allied line.
- Plancenoit — {{coord|50|39|38.38|N|4|25|46.24|E|region:BE_type:city}} — There was heavy fighting between the French and the Prussians in the village.
- Rossomme — {{coord|50|39|24.3|N|4|24|47.99|E|region:BE}} — Napoleon spent the first few hours of the battle (until 17:00) observing the battle from the heights on the other side of the Brussels–Genappe road sitting at a table with a map spread out on it. He may also have rested in the farmhouse during the battle. The heights ({{coord|50|39|16.6|N|4|24|35.5|E|region:BE}}) on the opposite side of the main road were also as far south as Wellington went on the night of the 18 June.{{sfn|Siborne|1848|p=581}} Rossomme was destroyed in a fire in 1895.[1]
- Caillou Museum — {{coord|50|38|45.96|N|4|25|14.77|E|region:BE}} — Napoleon's headquarters on the night and early morning of the (17/18 June). The location of his breakfast conference where he told his marshals "Wellington is a bad general, the English are bad troops, and this affair is nothing more than eating breakfast".{{sfn|Longford|1971|p=547}}
- {{Interlanguage link multi|Chantelet|fr|3=Ferme du Chantelet}} —{{coord|50|39|01.63|N|4|26|01.99|E|region:BE}} — Marshal Ney stayed in Chantelet Farm on the night of 17/18 June. It is about {{convert|0.5|km|mi}} east of Caillou.
MonumentsSee also- List of protected heritage sites in Waterloo, Belgium
- List of protected heritage sites in Braine-l'Alleud
- List of protected heritage sites in Lasne
- List of protected heritage sites in Genappe
Notes{{notelist}}1. ^{{citation|author1=Andrew Uffindell|author2=Michael Corum|title=On The Fields Of Glory: The Battlefields of the 1815 Campaign|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=30uaBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA153|date=1 November 2002|publisher=Frontline Books|isbn=978-1-85367-514-0|page=153}}
References- {{citation |last=Bellaigue |first=Geoffrey de |year=1978 |title=The Waterloo Elm |journal=Furniture History |volume=14 |pages=14–18|publisher=The Furniture History Society|jstor=23405019}}
- {{Citation |author=LLG staff |year=1820 |title=The London Literary Gazette and Journal of Belles Letters, Arts Sciences ete |publisher=H. Colburn |location=Great Britain |page= [https://books.google.com/books?id=44dHAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA86 86]}}
- {{Citation |last=Longford |first=Elizabeth |authorlink=Elizabeth Longford |year=1971 |title=Wellington the Years of the Sword |publisher=London: Panther| isbn=0-586-03548-6}}
- {{Citation |last=Marcelis |first=David |date=10 June 2015 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/when-napoleon-met-his-waterloo-he-was-out-of-town-1433894903 |title=When Napoleon Met His Waterloo, He Was Out of Town |newspaper=Wall Street Journal}}
- {{citation |author=RC staff |year=2015 |url=http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/990723/the-waterloo-elm |title=A drawing of the Waterloo Elm, by Anna Children |publisher=Royal Collection}}
- {{Citation |last=Siborne |first=William |year=1848 |title=The Waterloo Campaign, 1815 |edition=4th |location=Westminster |publisher=A. Constable |url=https://archive.org/details/waterloocampaig00sibogoog |page=[https://archive.org/stream/waterloocampaig00sibogoog#page/n584/mode/1up 581]}}
External links{{Commons category|Waterloo Battlefield locations}}{{Commons category|Monuments and memorials of the Battle of Waterloo in Belgium}}- {{citation|ref=none |title=Campagne de 1815 |website=Plancenoit |date=18 June 2005 | url=http://napoleon-monuments.eu/Napoleon1er/1815Plancenoit.htm | language=fr | accessdate=11 July 2015}} [https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=http://napoleon-monuments.eu/Napoleon1er/1815Plancenoit.htm&prev=search translate] — contains an aerial view of some of the places mentioned in the article.
- {{citation|ref=none |title=An historical account of the campaign in the Netherlands: in 1815, under His Grace the Duke of Wellington, and Marshal Prince... |url=http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PR-LIB-00003-00081-00021/1 |location=London |publisher=H. Colburn |year=1817}} illustrations by two engravers:
- George Cruikshank:frontispiece, "Flight of Buonaparte from the field of Waterloo accompanied by his guide", "The Battle of Waterloo, delineated under the inspection of officers who were present at that memorable conflict"
- James Rouse 24 other engravings, consisting of thee drawings by C. C. Hamilton and the rest by Rouse.
- {{citation|ref=none |url=https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=z84wlc9K5lB4.k_XQZ6gsCz54&hl=en |title=Battle of Waterloo |publisher=Google Maps }}
- {{citation|ref=none |url=http://www.napoleon.org/en/magazine/museums/files/Waterloo.asp |title=Waterloo: Places, Museums and Monuments|publisher=www.napoleon.org|accessdate=June 2015 }}
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