| 词条 | Shche ne vmerla Ukraina | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|title = Державний Гімн України |transcription = Deržavnyj Himn Ukrajiny |english_title = State Anthem of Ukraine |image = Shche_ne_vmerla_Ukraina.png{{!}}border |image_size = |caption = Sheet music of the Ukrainian national anthem. |prefix = National |country = {{UKR}} |composer = Mykhailo Verbytsky |music_date = 1863 |author = Pavlo Chubynsky |lyrics_date = 1862 |adopted = 15 January 1992 (music) 6 March 2003 (lyrics) |until = |sound = Anthem-of-Ukraine Chorus Veryovka.ogg |sound_title = "Šče ne Vmerla Ukrajiny ni Slava, ni Volja" }}Šče ne Vmerla Ukrajiny ni Slava, ni Volja{{efn|{{lang-uk|«Ще не вмерла України ні слава, ні воля» {{IPA-uk|ˈʃtʃɛ ne u̯merˈlɪ ukrɐˈjinɪ ni slɐˈβɑ ni ˈβɔlʲɐ|}}|lit='Glory and Freedom of Ukraine Has not yet Perished'}}}}[1] or Šče ne Vmerla Ukrajina, i Slava, i Volja,{{efn|({{lang-uk|«Ще не вмерла Україна, і слава, і воля»|lit='Ukraina Has not yet Perished, as hasn't its Glory and its Will'}})}} officially known by its title as the State Anthem of Ukraine{{efn|{{lang-uk|Державний Гімн України|lit=Deržavnyj Himn Ukrajiny}}}}[2] or its shortened call Šče ne vmerla Ukrajina,{{efn|{{lang-uk|Ще не вмерла Україна|link=no}}}} is the national anthem of Ukraine. The anthem's music was officially adopted by Ukraine's Verkhovna Rada on 15 January 1992. The official lyrics were adopted on 6 March 2003 by the Law on the Anthem of Ukraine (Закон про Гімн України).[3] In the first half of the 20th century, during unsuccessful attempts to gain independence and create a state from the territories of the Russia, Poland, and Austria-Hungary, the song was the national anthem of the Ukrainian People's Republic, West Ukrainian People's Republic, and Carpatho-Ukraine, and was once again adopted by independent Ukraine following its secession from the Soviet Union. Before its re-adaptation, a competition for a national anthem among three patriotic songs took place with one of the other songs being "For Ukraine" (Za Ukrainu) by Mykola Voronyi. The lyrics constitute a slightly modified original first stanza of the patriotic poem written in 1862 by Pavlo Chubynsky, a prominent ethnographer from the region of Ukraine's capital, Kiev.[4] In 1863, Mykhailo Verbytsky, a western Ukrainian composer and Greek-Catholic priest composed music to accompany Chubynsky's text.[5] The first choral performance of the piece was at the Ukraine Theatre in Lviv, in 1864.[6] HistoryCreation of the Ukrainian national anthem started in the autumn of 1862 during one of Pavlo Chubynsky's parties. Some researches believe that the Polish national song "Poland Is Not Yet Lost" ({{lang-pl|Jeszcze Polska nie zginęła}}), which later became the national anthem of Poland but dating back to 1797 and the Polish Legions, also had an influence on Chubynsky's lyrics.[7] At the time, the Polish national song was very popular among East European nations of the former Commonwealth of Poland, that were fighting for their independence: a few months after Chubynsky had written his lyrics, the January Uprising began. Likewise influenced by the Polish national song, Slovak poet Samo Tomášik wrote the song "Hey, Slavs", which later became Yugoslavia's anthem in 1944–2003. The widespread use of Chubynsky's lyrics among Ukrainophiles was very rapid. On October 20 of the same year that Chubynsky wrote the lyrics, the head gendarm Prince Vasily Dolgorukov gave an order to banish Chubynsky for the "dangerous influence on the minds of commoners"[8] and sent him in exile to Arkhangelsk Governorate.[9] Chubynsky's poem was first officially published in 1863 when it appeared in the fourth issue of Lviv's journal Meta. Soon after the poem became popular in the territories corresponding to today's Western Ukraine, it was noticed by the Ukrainian clergy. Inspired by Pavlo Chubynsky's poem, one of them, Fr. Mykhailo Verbytsky of the Greek-Catholic Church, a prominent Ukrainian composer of his times, decided to write music for it.[5] In 1865 Chubynsky's poem was first published together with Verbytsky's sheet music. The first choral performance of the piece was in 1864 at the Ukraine Theatre in Lviv.[6] The first recording of this anthem (then spelled "Szcze ne wmerla Ukrainy ni slava ni volya") in Ukrainian was released on a vinyl record by Columbia Phonograph Company during World War I in 1916.[10][11] As a folk song it was performed by a Ukrainian emigrant from Lviv and New York resident Mychajlo Zazulak in 1915.[12] However, Chubynsky's poem wasn't used as a state anthem until 1917, when it was adopted by the Ukrainian Republic. Still, even between 1917 and 1921, this anthem was not legislatively adopted as an exclusive state anthem as other anthems were also used at the time. During the period between 1918 and 1919, Chubynsky's poem was also used as a state anthem of the short-lived West Ukrainian People's Republic. In 1939, "Ще не вмерла Україна" was adopted as the official state anthem of Carpatho-Ukraine. Soviet timesWhen the Ukrainian SSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR with the Russian SFSR, Transcaucasian SFSR and Byelorussian SSR in 1922, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was formed, the anthem was immediately banned by the Soviet regime. At the dawn of the Soviet Union, when it was decided that each separate Soviet republic could have its own anthem, the poem "Shche ne vmerla Ukrayina" was rejected in order to suppress separatism amongst Ukrainians. Soviet rulers wanted a text that would state that Ukraine is a country inside the USSR which is "equal among equals, free among the free" and it necessarily had to mention the communist party that lead Ukraine towards communism. This task was accomplished by Pavlo Tychyna, whose version of "Zhyvy, Ukrayino, prekrasna i syl'na" was the official anthem of the Ukrainian SSR from 1949 to 1991. Composer Anton Lebedynez' wrote the music for it. This anthem never became popular among Ukrainians and in Soviet times, the anthem of the USSR was played during nearly all official events in Ukraine. Since independenceOn 15 January 1992, the music for the State Anthem of Ukraine was adopted by Ukraine's parliament, the Verkhovna Rada, and was later instituted in the Ukrainian constitution. However, the lyrics for the anthem were not officially adopted until 6 March 2003, when the Verkhovna Rada passed a law on the state anthem of Ukraine (Закон "Про Державний гімн України"), proposed by then president Leonid Kuchma.[13] The law proposed Mykhailo Verbytsky's music and Pavlo Chubynsky's first verse and refrain of his poem "Šče ne vmerla Ukrajina". However, the first stanza of the anthem was to be changed from Šče ne vmerla Ukrajina, ni slava ni volja to Šče ne vmerla Ukrajiny, i slava i volja. The law was passed with an overwhelming majority of 334 votes out of 450, with only 46 MPs opposing. Only the members of Socialist Party of Ukraine and Communist Party of Ukraine refrained from the voting. The passing of this law finalised Article 20 of the Constitution of Ukraine. The national anthem that up until then had only officially consisted of Mykhailo Verbytsky's music, would henceforce also include the modified lyrics of Pavlo Chubynsky. The popularity of the Ukrainian anthem has become particularly high in the wake of the Orange Revolution protests of 2004 and Euromaidan of 2013. Ukrainian composer Valentyn Sylvestrov, who participated in Ukrainian protests in Kiev, characterised the Ukrainian anthem thus:[14] {{quote|text=The Ukrainian anthem is amazing. At first it doesn't impress you at all, but that's only at first glance. Indeed, this anthem was created by Mykhailo Verbytsky, clerical composer of the mid-19th century. He lived under the Austrian monarchy, probably was fond of Schubert; he had an euphonic gift - it's clear from his liturgical compositions. He was a church composer. And this patriotic song, he created as a church composer. This chant is a Halleluiah. No other anthem has this! It's a unique piece: the anthem of Ukraine, which at the same time has all characteristic features of a liturgy's beginning. Some memory of a liturgy, of an all-night vigil, has submerged in this anthem. It seems as if wind blows in this simple chant, as if tree branches are singing.| sign = |source=}} In August 2014, Eurovision singer Zlata Ognevich released her own version of "Šče ne vmerla Ukrajina".[15] EuromaidanDuring the Euromaidan protests, the anthem of Ukraine became a revolutionary anthem for the protesters. In the early weeks of the protests, protesters would sing the national anthem once an hour, led by singer Ruslana.[16] On March 25, 2014, Mykyta Rubchenko of Kharkiv created an instrumental rock version of the anthem.[17][18] Lyrics"Šče ne vmerla Ukrajiny, ni slava ni volja" was sung as the de facto national anthem at the inauguration of the first President Leonid Kravchuk on 5 December 1991, but it was not until 6 March 2003 that Chubynsky's poem officially became a part of Ukrainian national anthem. On 6 March 2003, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted anthem's official lyrics, opting to use only the first verse and chorus from Chubynsky's poem, while slightly modifying its first stanza. Instead of stating "Ukraine has not yet died, neither her glory, nor her freedom" (Ще не вмерла Україна, ні слава, ні воля), the concept of Ukraine perishing as a nation has been removed: the opening line now states "Ukraine's glory has not yet died, nor her freedom" (Ще не вмерла України, і слава, і воля).[19] Article 20 of the Constitution of Ukraine (28 June 1996) designates Verbytsky's music for the national anthem: The State Anthem of Ukraine is the national anthem set to the music of M. Verbytsky, with words that are confirmed by the law adopted by no less than two-thirds of the constitutional composition of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Official lyrics
Chubynsky's original lyricsThe first stanza of Chubynsky's original poem is somewhat similar to the first stanza of national anthems of Poland, Yugoslavia, and Israel. {{col-begin}}{{col-4}}Ukrainian original {{clear}}і слава, і воля! Ще нам браття-Українці, Усміхнеться доля! Згинуть наші вороженьки, Як роса на сонці; Запануємъ, браття й ми У своїй сторонці. Душу й тіло ми положим За нашу свободу І покажем, що ми браття Козацького роду. Гей-гей, браття миле, Нумо братися за діло! Гей-гей пора встати, Пора волю добувати! Наливайко, Залізнякъ И Тарас Трясило Кличуть насъ изъ-за могилъ На святеє діло. Изгадаймо славну смерть Лицарства-козацтва, Щобъ не втратить марне намъ Своєго юнацтва. Душу, тіло ... Ой Богдане, Богдане Славний нашъ гетьмане! На-що віддавъ Україну Москалям поганимъ?! Щобъ вернути іі честь, Ляжемъ головами, Назовемся України Вірними синами! Душу, тіло ... Наші браття Славяне Вже за зброю взялись; Не діжде ніхто, щобъ ми По-заду зістались. Поєднаймось разомъ всі, Братчики-Славяне: Нехай гинуть вороги, Най воля настане! Душу, тіло ...{{col-4}}Romanization i slava, i volja Šče nam, brattja-Ukrajinci, Usmichnetjsja dolja! Zhynutj naši voroženjky, Jak rosa na sonci; Zapanujem, brattja j my U svojij storonci. Dušu, tilo, my pložym Za našu svobodu I pokažem, ščo my brattja Kozacjkoho rodu. Hej-hej, brattja myle, Numo bratysja za dilo! Hej-hej, pora vstaty, Pora volju dobuvaty! Nalyvajko, Zaliznjak Y Taras Trjasylo Klyčutj nas yz-za mohyl Na svjateje dilo Yzhadajmo slavnu smertj Lycarctva-kozactva, Ščob ne vtratytj marne nam Svojeho junactva. Dušu, tilo ... Oj Bohdane, Bohdane Slavnyj naš hetjmane! Na-ščo viddav Ukrajinu Moskaljam pohanym?! Ščob vernuty ii čestj Ljažem holovamy Nazovemsja Ukrajiny Virnymy synamy! Dušu, tilo ... Naši brattja Slavjane Vže za zbroju vzjalysj; Ne dižde nichto, ščob my Po-zadu zistalysj. Pojednajmosj razom vsi, Bratčyky-Slavjane: Nechaj hynutj vorohy, Naj volja nastane! Dušu, tilo ...{{col-4}}English translation has not yet died! Still upon us brave brother Ukrainians, Fate shall smile! Our enemies will vanish Like dew in the sun; We too shall rule In our country. Soul and body we will lay down For our freedom And show that we brothers Are of the Cossack nation, Hey, hey dearest brothers Onward, take to battle Hey, hey, time to rise, Time to gain freedom!Nalyvaiko, Zalizniak And Taras Triasylo Call us from beyond the grave To the holy battle. Recall the famous death of Chivalrous Cossacks Not to lose vainly Our youth. Soul and body ... Oh Bohdan, Bohdan Our great hetman What for did you give Ukraine To wretched muscovites?!To return her honor, We lay our heads We shall call ourselves Ukraine's Faithful sons! Soul and body ... Our Slavic brothers Already took up arms No one shall see That we should stay behind. Unite together all, Brothers Slavs: So that enemies perish, And freedom comes! Soul and body ...{{col-end}} Draft lyrics{{col-begin}}{{col-4}}Ukrainian original {{clear}}Ще нам, браття-українці, усміхнеться доля. Згинуть наші вороженьки, як роса на сонці, Запануєм і ми, браття, у своїй сторонці. Приспів (×2) Душу й тіло ми положим за нашу свободу, І покажем, що ми, браття, козацького роду! Станем браття, в бій кривавий, від Сяну до Дону В ріднім краю панувати не дамо нікому. Чорне море ще всміхнеться, дід Дніпро зрадіє, Ще на нашій Україні доленька наспіє. Приспів (×2) А завзяття, праця щира свого ще докаже, Ще ся волі в Україні піснь гучна розляже. За Карпати відіб'ється, згомонить степами, України слава стане поміж народами. Приспів (×2){{col-4}}Romanization Šče nam, brattja ukrajinci, usmichnetjsja dolja. Zhynutj naši voroženjky, jak rosa na sonci, Zapanujem j my, brattja, u svojij storonci. Refrain (×2) Dušu y tilo my položym za našu svobodu, I pokažem, ščo my, brattja, kozacjkoho rodu! Stanem brattja, v bij kryvavyj, vid Sjanu do Donu V ridnim kraju panuvaty ne damo nikomu. Čorne more šče vsmichnetjsja, did Dnipro zradije, Šče u našij Ukrajini dolenjka naspije. Refrain (×2) A zavzjattja pracja ščyra svoho šče dokaže, Šče sja voli v Ukrajini pisnj hučna rozljaže. Za Karpaty vidib'jetjsja zhomonytj stepamy, Ukrajiny slava stane pomiž narodamy. Refrain (×2){{col-4}}English translation Upon us, fellow Ukrainians, fate shall smile once more. Our enemies will vanish, like the dew in the sun, And we too shall rule, brothers, in a free land of our own. Refrain (×2) Souls and bodies we'll lay down, all for our freedom, And we'll show that we, brothers, are of the Cossack nation! We'll stand, brothers, in bloody battle, from the Syan to the Don, We will not allow others to rule in our motherland. The Black Sea will smile and grandfather Dnipro will rejoice, For in our own Ukraine fortune shall shine again. Refrain (×2) Our persistence and our sincere toils will be rewarded, And freedom's song will throughout all of Ukraine resound. Echoing off the Carpathians, and across the steppes rumbling, Ukraine's fame and glory will be known among all nations. Refrain (×2){{col-end}} See also{{Portal|Ukraine}}
Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^{{cite book|last=Magocsi|first=Paul Robert|authorlink=Paul Robert Magocsi|title=A History of Ukraine: A Land and Its Peoples|year=2010|publisher=University of Toronto Press|location=Toronto|page=401|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/A_History_of_Ukraine.html?id=BNUtdVrw6lIC&redir_esc=y}} 2. ^Constitution of Ukraine, Article 20 3. ^{{ref-uk}} 4. ^{{cite web | url=http://nationalanthems.me/ukraine-shche-ne-vmerla-ukraina | title=Ukraine - Shche ne Vmerla Ukraina | publisher=NationalAnthems.me | accessdate=2011-11-05 }} 5. ^1 Cerkwa.net {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050203182206/http://www.cerkwa.net/index1.htm |date=February 3, 2005 }} - Father Mykhailo Verbytsky 6. ^1 www.nationalanthems.info 7. ^Павло Чубинський писав вірші "під Шевченка" 8. ^{{lang-ru|за вредное влияние на умы простолюдинов}} 9. ^http://geoknigi.com/book_view.php?id=447 10. ^In the Internet is becoming popular an audio record of the 1916 Ukrainian anthem. 5 Channel. 20 October 2014 11. ^[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yndZIfcTbbg#t=94 The first record of the anthem]. youtube 12. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20141020190003/http://meest-online.com/culture/malovidomi-storinky-iz-zhyttya-myhajla-zazulyaka/ Less known pages out of the life of Mykhailo Zazulyak]. Meest Online weekly. November 7, 2013 13. ^{{ref-uk}} 14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.day.kiev.ua/uk/article/kultura/valentin-silvestrov-chitayte-shevchenka-doki-ne-pizno|title=Валентин СИЛЬВЕСТРОВ: "Читайте Шевченка, доки не пізно ..."|last=|first=|date=|website=Den', 29 December 2013|access-date=}} 15. ^{{uk icon}} Ohnjevič recorded her own version of the Ukrainian national anthem. AUDIO, Tablo ID (27 August 2014) 16. ^Євромайдан уночі забарикадувався ялинкою і щогодини співав гімн із Русланою fakty.ictv.ua {{uk icon}} 17. ^A Kharkiv man recorded a rock version of the Ukrainian anthem. Espreso TV. March 25, 2014 {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20140709131930/http://espreso.tv/new/2014/03/25/kharkivyanyn_zapysav_rok_versiyu_ukrayinskoho_himna |date=July 9, 2014 }} 18. ^{{Citation|last=5 канал|title=Державний Гімн України - National Anthem of Ukraine - Rock version by Nicky Rubchenko|date=2014-03-25|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1VCQDoYop64&feature=youtu.be|access-date=2019-03-01}} 19. ^{{ref-uk}} 20. ^Law of Ukraine "About National Anthem of Ukraine" 21. ^[https://yury-nesterenko.livejournal.com/1651731.html National anthem of Ukraine. Lyrics by Pavlo Chubynsky. Translation by Yury Nesterenko.] 22. ^Used prior to 2003 Further reading
External links{{commons|National anthem of Ukraine}}
7 : National anthems|National symbols of Ukraine|Ukrainian music|1863 songs|Ukrainian patriotic songs|European anthems|National anthem compositions in G major |
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