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词条 Little Island (South Australia)
释义

  1. Description

  2. Formation, geology and oceanography

  3. Flora and fauna

  4. History

  5. Protected areas status

  6. References

{{About|the island in South Australia||Little Island (disambiguation){{!}}Little Island}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}{{Use Australian English|date=April 2014}}{{Infobox islands
| name = Little Island
| map = South Australia
| map_caption =
| location = Spencer Gulf
| country = Australia
| coordinates = {{coord|-34.9493|136.0251|type:isle_region:AU-SA|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
}}

Little Island is an island in the Australian state of South Australia located in Spencer Gulf off the east coast of Jussieu Peninsula on Eyre Peninsula approximately {{convert|28|km|mi}} south-east of Port Lincoln. It was named by Matthew Flinders in memory of John Little who was one of the eight crew lost from a cutter that capsized sometime after being launched from HM Sloop Investigator to search for water on 21 February 1802. Since 2004, the island has been part of the Memory Cove Wilderness Protection Area.

Description

Little Island which is located approximately {{convert|28|km|mi}} south-east of Port Lincoln and is located {{convert|926|m|abbr=on}} north of Lewis Island, has a maximum height of {{convert|8|m|abbr=on}}. Access to the island is limited by the absence of a coastline sheltered from swells and tidal streams, and the unsuitability of the island’s terrain for the landing of helicopters.[1]

Formation, geology and oceanography

Little Island was formed about 8400 years ago when sea levels rose at the start of the Holocene.[1] The island is predominantly granite which is eroded to the extent that the island is divided into two sections. Each section has a calcarenite capping that reaches a height of {{convert|8|m|abbr=on}} above sea level.[1] The island rises from the seabed at {{convert|30|m|abbr=on}} almost vertically on its south east face while the same transition occurs over a distance of almost {{convert|200|m|abbr=on}} on its north west face.[2]

Flora and fauna

As of 1996, the flora is reported as being a shrubland composed of marsh saltbush while the fauna is reported as consisting of the following vertebrate animals: sooty oystercatchers and Pacific gulls and ‘a large colony’ of Australian sea lions.[3]

History

The island was one of several first sighted by Europeans on Saturday, 20 February 1802, from HMS Investigator whilst under the command of Matthew Flinders entered what is now Spencer Gulf.[4]

Flinders named the island on Wednesday, 24 February 1802, in memory of John Little who lost his life, presumably drowned, along with seven other members of the crew on Sunday 21 February 1802 when one of HMS Investigator’s cutters capsized near Cape Catastrophe.[5][6]

Protected areas status

Since 30 September 2004, Little Island has been part of the Memory Cove Wilderness Protection Area. Previously, it had been part of the Lincoln National Park.[7] It first obtained protected area status as a fauna conservation reserve declared under the Crown Lands Act 1929-1966 on 16 March 1967.[8] As of December 2012, the waters surrounding the island are in the Thorny Passage Marine Park.[9]

References

1. ^{{cite book | last1 = A.C. | first1 = Robinson | first2 = P.| last2 = Canty | first3 =T. | last3 = Mooney |first4=P. |last4= Rudduck | title = South Australia's offshore islands | location = Canberra | publisher = Australian Heritage Commission |url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/5a7dbb25-70b9-4ceb-bbfd-a25800961994/offshore-islands-gen.pdf | page = 11| date = 1996 | isbn = 0-644350-11-3 }}
2. ^{{cite book|last= Royal Australian Navy Hydrographic Service Hydrographic Department, X|title=Port Lincoln and approaches (chart no. Aus 134)|date=1983}}
3. ^1 2 {{cite book | last1 = A.C. | first1 = Robinson | first2 = P.| last2 = Canty | first3 =T. | last3 = Mooney |first4=P. |last4= Rudduck | title = South Australia's offshore islands | location = Canberra | publisher = Australian Heritage Commission |url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/5a7dbb25-70b9-4ceb-bbfd-a25800961994/offshore-islands-gen.pdf | page = 241 | date = 1996 | isbn = 0-644350-11-3 }}
4. ^{{cite book| last = Flinders| first = Matthew|authorlink = Matthew Flinders| title= A Voyage to Terra Australis : undertaken for the purpose of completing the discovery of that vast country, and prosecuted in the years 1801, 1802, and 1803 in His Majesty's ship the Investigator, and subsequently in the armed vessel Porpoise and Cumberland Schooner; with an account of the shipwreck of the Porpoise, arrival of the Cumberland at Mauritius, and imprisonment of the commander during six years and a half in that island.| url= http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?fk_files=1486723&pageno=228| accessdate= 9 March 2013 | edition= Facsimile| year= 1966| origyear= 1814| publisher= Libraries Board of South Australia| location= Adelaide; Facsimile reprint of: London : G. and W. Nicol, 1814 ed. In two volumes, with an Atlas (3 volumes)| page= 228}}
5. ^{{cite book| last = Flinders| first = Matthew|authorlink = Matthew Flinders| title= A Voyage to Terra Australis : undertaken for the purpose of completing the discovery of that vast country, and prosecuted in the years 1801, 1802, and 1803 in His Majesty's ship the Investigator, and subsequently in the armed vessel Porpoise and Cumberland Schooner; with an account of the shipwreck of the Porpoise, arrival of the Cumberland at Mauritius, and imprisonment of the commander during six years and a half in that island.| url= http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?fk_files=1486723&pageno=232| accessdate= 9 March 2013 | edition= Facsimile| year= 1966| origyear= 1814| publisher= Libraries Board of South Australia| location= Adelaide; Facsimile reprint of: London : G. and W. Nicol, 1814 ed. In two volumes, with an Atlas (3 volumes)| page= 232}}
6. ^{{cite news|title=An historic tablet; The Flinders inscription discovered|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article89359256|accessdate=6 April 2014|newspaper=Chronicle|date=26 April 1924|page=53}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=Memory Cove Wilderness Protection Area Management Plan,|url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/0c625c92-46c3-46e0-b564-9e4f00b1bca2/PARKS_PDFS_MEMORYCOVE_WPA_MP.pdf.|publisher=Department of Environment Water and Natural Resources|accessdate=26 January 2014|pages=1|year=2005}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=CROWN LANDS ACT, 1929-1966: FAUNA CONSERVATION RESERVES DEDICATED.|url=http://www8.austlii.edu.au/au/other/sa_gazette/1967/11.pdf |website=THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT GAZETTE |publisher=Government of South Australia|accessdate=5 February 2018|pages=961-962|date=16 March 1967}}
9. ^{{cite web|title= Thorny Passage Marine Park Management Plan 2012|url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/2abee117-f53f-48fb-94c9-a117009e53d6/mp-gen-5thornypassage-managementplan.pdf|publisher=Department of Environment Water and Natural Resources|accessdate=3 April 2014|pages=27/31|year=2012}}
{{Islands of South Australia |state=collapsed}}{{Eyre Peninsula}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Little Island (South Australia)}}{{SouthAustralia-geo-stub}}

4 : Islands of South Australia|Uninhabited islands of Australia|Spencer Gulf|Eyre Peninsula
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