| 词条 | Little Rock Creek (Los Angeles County, California) |
| 释义 |
| name = Little Rock Creek | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | image = File:Little Rock Creek Reservoir Los Angeles County, California.jpg | image_caption = View to south over reservoir into Little Rock Creek Watershed | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = United States | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = California | subdivision_type3 = Region | subdivision_name3 = Los Angeles County | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Cities | subdivision_name5 = Littlerock, Palmdale | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = | source1 = Mount Williamson | source1_location = San Gabriel Mountains | source1_coordinates= {{coord|34|22|16|N|117|51|35|W|display=inline}}[1] | source1_elevation = {{convert|8000|ft|abbr=on}}[1] | mouth = Little Rock Reservoir | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|34|28|09|N|118|01|11|W|display=inline,title}}[1] | mouth_elevation = {{convert|3268|ft|abbr=on}}[2] | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = South Fork Little Rock Creek, Santiago Canyon Creek | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} Little Rock Creek is a {{convert|16.7|mi|adj=on}} northwestward-flowing stream in the San Gabriel Mountains and Mojave Desert, within northern Los Angeles County, California. Its headwaters are in the Angeles National Forest, just west of Mount Williamson peak.[2] Downstream the creek enters Little Rock Reservoir, impounded by Little Rock Dam. After released there it flows through Little Rock Wash into the Antelope Valley of the western Mojave Desert.[2] The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment has issued a safe eating [https://oehha.ca.gov/advisories/little-rock-reservoir advisory] for any fish caught in Little Rock Reservoir due to elevated levels of mercury and PCBs.[3] HistoryAccording to the toponomastic scholar, Erwin Gudde, "little" often refers to a place name when it is near to a larger geographic feature,[4] in this case Little Rock Creek being close to Big Rock Creek[5] The fifth Pacific Railroad Survey led by Lt. Robert Stockton Williamson and Colonel John Parke visited Little Rock Creek in 1853, as they surveyed the north slope of the San Gabriel Mountains.[6] The first non-native settlement in the area was Santiago García, who was born circa 1833. He built an adobe on the north side of Little Rock Creek approximately {{convert|0.5|mi|km}} to the east of where the creek turned from north to east near Totem Pole Ranch. At this wet spot, where the San Andreas fault system forced water to the surface, the Garcia cienaga (canyon) was located. Santiago Garcia was killed in 1873 by a grizzly bear in what was later named Santiago Canyon.[6] Watershed and CourseLittle Rock Creek's originates just west of the summit of {{convert|8199|ft|m}} Mount Williamson and flows down the north slope of the San Gabriel Mountains. Its main tributaries are South Fork Little Rock Creek[7] and then Santiago Canyon Creek[8] just before reaching Little Rock Reservoir. At Little Rock Dam it becomes Little Rock Wash[9] which terminates in the Antelope Valley. Little Rock Creek is part of the Antelope Valley Watershed, which is a closed endorheic basin with no outlet. It is part of the South Lahontan Hydrologic Region.[10] EcologyLower Little Rock Creek is home to the endangered arroyo toad (Anaxyrus californicus), a factor leading to the closure of Little Rock Road and the forested areas upstream from the reservoir.[11] The upper segment of the creek is located in the newly designated Pleasant View Ridge Wilderness area and supports an important population of endangered mountain yellow-legged frog (Rana muscosa).[12] The Little Rock Creek watershed was protected by the October, 2014 designation of the San Gabriel Mountains National Monument. See also
References1. ^U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map {{webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/66gupqQDM?url=http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ |date=2012-04-05 }}, accessed November 30, 2014 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite gnis|272112|Little Rock Creek }} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://oehha.ca.gov/advisories/little-rock-reservoir|title=Little Rock Reservoir|last=Admin|first=OEHHA|date=2014-03-24|website=OEHHA|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-11-08}} 4. ^{{cite book |title=California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names |author=Erwin G. Gudde |publisher=University of California Press |year=1960 |page=C-179 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M-22djGNuhwC&q=big+rock+creek#v=onepage&q=little&f=false |accessdate=2014-11-30 }} 5. ^{{cite gnis|255354|Big Rock Creek }} 6. ^1 {{cite web |title=Mining and Ranching in Soledad Canyon and Antelope Valley |author=David Earle |date=2003-01-08 |publisher=Santa Clarita Valley Historical Society |url=http://www.scvhistory.com/scvhistory/earle-mining-0103.htm |accessdate=2014-11-30 }} 7. ^{{cite gnis|273827|South Fork Little Rock Creek }} 8. ^{{cite gnis|273575|Santiago Canyon }} 9. ^{{cite gnis|272117|Little Rock Wash }} 10. ^{{cite report |title=South Lahontan Hydrologic Region: California Water Plan |publisher=California Department of Water Resources |year=2013 |url=http://www.waterplan.water.ca.gov/docs/meeting_materials/regional/2013-09-25/Vol2_South_Lahontan_PRD_Forum_FG.pdf |accessdate=2014-11-30 }} 11. ^{{cite web |title=Little Rock Recreation Area Now Under Permit and Managed by Concessionaire |publisher=USDA Forest Service |url=http://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/angeles/home/?cid=stelprdb5314478 |accessdate=2014-11-30 }} 12. ^{{cite web |title=San Gabriel Wild & Scenic Campaign |publisher=Friends of the River |url=http://www.friendsoftheriver.org/site/PageServer?pagename=SanGabrielMtnsForeverCampaign |accessdate=2014-11-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207032235/http://www.friendsoftheriver.org/site/PageServer?pagename=SanGabrielMtnsForeverCampaign |archivedate=2014-12-07 |df= }} External links
6 : Rivers of Los Angeles County, California|San Gabriel Mountains|Antelope Valley|Mojave Desert|San Gabriel Mountains National Monument|Rivers of Southern California |
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