| 词条 | Little Rock Dam |
| 释义 |
| name = Little Rock Dam or Littlerock Dam | name_official = Little Rock-Palmdale Dam | image = WEST END OF DAM, LOOKING SOUTHEAST, SHOWING DOWNSTREAM FACE OF SPILLWAY. - Little Rock Creek Dam, Little Rock Creek, Littlerock, Los Angeles County, CA HAER CAL,19-LITRO.V,1-29.tif | image_size = | image_caption = West end of dam, looking southeast | image_alt = | location_map = California | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = Location of the dam in California | coordinates = {{coord|34|29|09|N|118|01|19|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = | location = California, United States | purpose = | status = | construction_began = | opening = 1924 | demolished = | cost = | owner = Palmdale Water District Littlerock Creek Irrigation District | dam_type = Concrete gravity | dam_height = {{convert|124|ft|m|abbr=on}}[1] | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_length = {{convert|576|ft|m|abbr=on}}[1] | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_crosses = Little Rock Creek | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = Little Rock Reservoir | res_capacity_total = {{convert|3700|acre feet|m3|abbr=on}}[1] | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = {{convert|63.7|mi2|km2|abbr=on}}[1] | res_surface = | res_elevation = | res_max_depth = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_tidal_range = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }}Little Rock Dam, also known as Littlerock Dam, or officially as Little Rock-Palmdale Dam, is a concrete gravity dam on Little Rock Creek in Los Angeles County, California, about {{convert|5|mi|km|abbr=on}} south of Palmdale.[2] The dam and Little Rock Reservoir are owned by the Palmdale Water District and Littlerock Creek Irrigation District and are used for agricultural and municipal water supply and flood control.[3] The dam is {{convert|124|ft|m|abbr=on}} high from foundation to crest and spans {{convert|576|ft|m|abbr=on}} across the canyon, forming a reservoir with a capacity of {{convert|3700|acre feet|m3|abbr=on}}.[1] The reservoir has a surface area of {{convert|108|acre|ha|abbr=on}} and receives water from a drainage area of {{convert|63.7|mi2|km2|abbr=on}} on the north slope of the San Gabriel Mountains.[1] A formerly popular recreation spot, the dam, reservoir, and vicinity used to receive about 300,000 visitors each year, but since 2015, the facilities have been closed to the public.[9] Designed by John S. Eastwood, a noted engineer of several dams in the western U.S., Littlerock was built in 1924 by the Palmdale Irrigation District (now Palmdale Water District) to provide a water supply for orchards in the area.[4] With a height of {{convert|112|ft|m|abbr=on}} and holding {{convert|2400|acre feet|m3|abbr=on}} of water, it was the tallest multiple-arch reinforced concrete dam in the world at the time.[5] The dam's design combined with its record height was highly controversial;[6] the state mandated renovations in 1932, in which concrete buttresses were added to the dam face.[5] In 1938, the dam nearly failed as a result of historic flooding, which led to the evacuation of hundreds of people in downstream towns.[7] The dam was renovated again in 1966 to comply with increasing safety standards and regional urban development. In the 1970s, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).[8] In 1994, the last major renovation of the dam was completed, which involved strengthening the face with roller-compacted concrete, hiding the original multiple-arch design and transforming it to resemble a conventional gravity dam. The arches are still visible on the back face of the dam when the water level in the reservoir is low. The design changes resulted in the dam being taken off the NRHP. The dam was also raised {{convert|12|ft|m|abbr=on}} and a new spillway added, increasing the reservoir capacity to its current {{convert|3700|acre feet|m3|abbr=on}}.[9][5] The dam and reservoir are scheduled for a major renovation project in three separate phases. The first phase begins with construction of a subterranean grade control structure within Littlerock Reservoir at Rocky Point. The second phase is the removal of {{convert|1,165,000|yd3}} of accumulated sediment from within the reservoir over a seven- to twelve-year time frame. Finally, scheduled ongoing sediment removal of approximately {{convert|38,000|yd3}} per year to maintain design capacity. There are no plans to reopen its facilities to the public.[10] The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) has developed a safe eating advisory for Little Rock Reservoir based on levels of mercury or PCBs found in fish caught from this water body.[11] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=http://ce-npdp-serv2.stanford.edu/DamDirectory/DamDetail.jsp?npdp_id=CA00237|title=Littlerock Dam|publisher=Stanford University|work=National Performance of Dams Program|date=|accessdate=2013-03-10}} 2. ^{{cite gnis|id=272118|name=Little Rock Dam|entrydate=1981-01-19|accessdate=2013-03-10}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ladpw.org/wwd/avirwmp/docs/draftplan/Section%202%20-%20Region%20Discription.pdf|title=Section 2: Region Description|publisher=Los Angeles Department of Public Works|work=Integrated Regional Water Management Plan: Antelope Valley|date=|accessdate=2013-03-10}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.littlerockdam.org/reference.html|title=Reference|publisher=Littlerock Dam & Recreational Area|work=|year=2007|accessdate=2013-03-10}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.palmdalewater.org/HistoryPWD.aspx|title=History of the PWD|publisher=Palmdale Water District|work=|date=|accessdate=2013-03-10}} 6. ^{{cite book|author=Jackson, Donald Conrad|title=Building the Ultimate Dam: John S. Eastwood And the Control of Water in the West|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|year=2005|pages=208–209|isbn=0-80613-733-9}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.semp.us/publications/biot_reader.php?BiotID=369|title=Los Angeles Basin's 1938 Catastrophic Flood Event|publisher=Suburban Emergency Management Project|date=2006-06-07|archivedate=2012-02-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219185206/http://www.semp.us/publications/biot_reader.php?BiotID=369|accessdate=2013-03-10}} 8. ^{{cite news|author=Chandler, John|title=$12.4 Million Contract Awarded to Reinforce Littlerock Dam: Palmdale: Strengthening the structure to better withstand earthquakes is expected to be finished by early '94. Separate recreational work is to follow|work=Los Angeles Times|date=1993-03-30}} 9. ^1 {{cite news|author=Sneiderman, Phil|title=Littlerock Dam Is Stronger, but Plainer: Littlerock: Edifice loses its architectural character to a project to increase its safety|work=Los Angeles Times|date=1993-12-28}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Littlerock Reservoir Sediment Removal Project will Move Forward|url=https://www.palmdalewater.org/littlerock-reservoir-sediment-removal-project-will-move-forward/}} 11. ^{{Cite news|url=https://oehha.ca.gov/advisories/little-rock-reservoir|title=Little Rock Reservoir|last=Admin|first=OEHHA|date=2014-12-30|work=OEHHA|access-date=2018-06-13|language=en}} External links{{commonscat inline|Littlerock Dam}}{{LA County dams}} 5 : Dams in California|Dams completed in 1924|Gravity dams|Multiple-arch dams|Roller-compacted concrete dams |
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