| 词条 | Sheltopusik |
| 释义 |
| name = Sheltopusik | image = Ophisaurus apodus (3).jpg | image_caption = | genus = Pseudopus | species = apodus | authority = (Pallas, 1775) | synonyms =
| synonyms_ref =[1] }} The sheltopusik[2] {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ʃ|ɛ|l|t|ə|ˈ|p|j|uː|z|ᵻ|k}} (Pseudopus apodus), also commonly called Pallas's glass lizard[3] or the European legless lizard, is a species of large glass lizard found from southern Europe to Central Asia. EtymologyThe common name sheltopusik comes from Russian желтопузик (zheltopuzik), literally "yellow-bellied".[4] TaxonomyThe sheltopusik was previously included in the genus Ophisaurus, but has been placed in its own genus Pseudopus. It was originally described in 1775 by Peter Simon Pallas as Lacerta apoda.[5] DescriptionThe sheltopusik can reach a length of {{convert|135|cm|ft|abbr=on}}. It is tan colored, paler on the ventral surface and the head, with a ring-like/segmented appearance that makes it look like a giant earthworm with a distinctive fold of skin down each side called a lateral groove. Small (2 mm) rear legs are sometimes visible near the cloaca. Though the legs are barely discernible, the sheltopusik can be quickly distinguished from a snake by its ears, eyelids, and ventral scales. Habitat and behaviourPseudopus apodus inhabits open country, such as short grassland or sparsely wooded hills. It consumes arthropods and small mammals. Snails and slugs appear to be its favorite prey, which may explain why it is particularly active in wet weather, although it prefers a dry habitat. Defensive behaviourDue to its size, the sheltopusik tends to respond to harassment by hissing, biting, and musking. It is less likely to drop off its tail than some other species that display caudal autotomy. However, these occasional displays of caudal autotomy are responsible for the name "glass lizard" (or "glass snake"). The released tail may break into pieces, leading to the myth that the lizard can shatter like glass and reassemble itself later. In reality, if the tail is lost, it grows back slowly, but is shorter and darker; it may grow back to full length as it grows. In captivitySheltopusiks are frequently available in the exotic pet trade, though rarely captive-bred. They do not typically tolerate a large amount of handling, but they adapt to captivity well, feeding on crickets, meal worms, small mice, eggs, snails or pieces of meat which they even accept from a keeper's tweezers, or even from the hands once they become used to captivity. However, they do get excited around food and have surprisingly powerful jaws. They make hardy captives, capable of living up to 50 years. ReproductionAbout 10 weeks after mating, the female P. apodus lays about eight eggs which she hides under bark or a stone, and often guards them. The young hatch after 45 – 55 days. They average about {{convert|15|cm|in|abbr=on}} long and usually start to eat after four days. See also
References1. ^"Pseudopus apodus ". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org. 2. ^Also spelled scheltopusik, sheltopusick, scheltopusick, sheltopusic, or scheltopusic. 3. ^Beolens B, Watkins M, Grayson M (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. (Pseudopus apodus, p. 199). 4. ^{{cite book|author=Н. Б. Ананьева|title=Атлас пресмыкающихся Северной Евразии: таксономическое разнообразие, географическое распространение и природоохранный статус|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xfs1AAAACAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Зоол. инст. РАН|isbn=978-5-98092-007-4}} 5. ^[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36977113#page/525/mode/1up Lacerta apoda]. Peter Simon Pallas. Published: 1775. External links
| title = The Scheltopusik, Pseudopus [Ophisaurus ] apodus: Natural History and Care | work = | publisher = Cyber Lizard U.K. | date = 2003-09-28 | url = http://www.cyberlizard.plus.com/pseudopus_apoda.htm | doi = | accessdate = 2008-01-19 }}
| title = Scheltopusik Care Sheet and Information | work = | publisher = Western New York Herpetological Society | date = 2008 | url = http://www.wnyherp.org/care-sheets/lizards/sheltopusik.php | format = | doi = | accessdate = 2008-01-19 }}
| last = Kaplan | first = Melissa | title = Glass Lizard - Glass Snake - Legless Lizard | work = | publisher = Melissa Kaplan's Herp Care Collection | date = 1997 | url = http://www.anapsid.org/legless.html | doi = | accessdate = 2008-01-19 }}
|title = European Glass Lizard |work = |publisher = Wild Natures |date = September 2006 |url = http://www.wild-natures.com/pseudopus_apodus.html |doi = |accessdate = 2008-01-19 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080402125027/http://www.wild-natures.com/pseudopus_apodus.html |archivedate = 2008-04-02 |df = }}
|title = Giant Legless Lizard |work = |publisher = Central Pets |date = 2008-01-19 |url = http://www.centralpets.com/animals/reptiles/lizards/lzd2700.html |doi = |accessdate = 2008-01-19 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071016044407/http://centralpets.com/animals/reptiles/lizards/lzd2700.html |archivedate = 2007-10-16 |df = }} Further reading
8 : Anguids|Legless lizards|Reptiles of Central Asia|Lizards of Asia|Lizards of Europe|Reptiles described in 1775|Taxa named by Peter Simon Pallas|Articles containing video clips |
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