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词条 Loharu State
释义

  1. History

     Nawabs of Loharu  Notable members of the Loharu dynasty  Courtiers  Post-Independence  Loharu descendants in Pakistan 

  2. References

  3. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name = लोहारू रियासत
|conventional_long_name =Loharu State
|common_name =Loharu
|nation = British India
|subdivision = Princely State
|era =
|year_start = 1806
|date_start =
|event_start =
|year_end = 1947
|date_end =
|event_end = Accession to the Union of India
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|p1 =
|s1 = India
|flag_p1 =
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
|image_flag = Loharu state flag.png
|image_coat =
|image_map = Punjab 1903.gif
|image_map_caption = Loharu at the edge of Punjab (British India), 1903
|capital = Loharu
|stat_area1 = 570
|stat_year1 = 1901
|stat_pop1 = 15229
|today = Haryana, India
|footnotes =
}}Loharu State was one of the princely states of India during the period of the British Raj.[1] It was part of the Punjab States Agency and was a nine-gun salute state.[2]

Loharu State encompassed an area of {{convert|222|sqmi|km2}}, and was situated in the south-east corner of the undivided Punjab province, between the district of Hissar and the Rajputana Agency.[3] In 1901, the state had a population of 15,229 people, of whom 2,175 resided in the town of Loharu.[4]

History

Loharu town, the seat of the state's administration town got its name from the Lohars (local blacksmiths) who were employed in the minting of coins for the erstwhile Jaipur State.[5] The princely state of Loharu was founded by Ahmad Baksh Khan in 1803 when he received the town of Loharu from the British East India Company as a reward for his services against the Jat rulers of Bharatpur (along with the pargana of 'Firozepur Jirka' (now in Gurgaon district) from Lord Lake).[6][7][8]

Ahmad Baksh Khan was succeeded by his eldest son, Sams-ud-din Khan, in 1827; his reign did not last long: in 1835 he was executed by the British Raj for being involved in the conspiracy to kill the British Resident to Delhi, Sir William Frazer,[9][10] subsequently the pargana of Firozepur was taken away by the British and the state of Loharu was given to his brothers, Amin-ud-din and Zia-ud-din Khan. Both were themselves kept under surveillance after the Indian Rebellion of 1857 for some time, before being released and their positions restored.

The haveli of 'Nawab of Loharu', known as Mahal Sara, lies in Gali Qasim Jan, Ballimaran, where his son-in-law, noted poet Mirza Ghalib stayed for a few years, whose own haveli lies a few yard away.[11][12] Now a gali is known as Kothi Nawab Loharu lane in Ballimaran, Chandni Chowk, Delhi.[13]

Alauddin Ahmed Khan succeeded his father Amin-ud-din Khan in 1869 and received the title of Nawab. Alauddin’s son, Amir-ud-din Ahmad Khan (1859–1937), after managing the state on his father’s behalf, succeed him in 1884, though from 1893 to 1903, he remained administrator and adviser of the state of Maler Kotla{{snd}} during this time, the state was being handled by his younger brother, Bashiruddin Ahmed Khan. In 1903, Amir- ud-din Ahmad Khan also received the K.C.S.I honour from the British Government and after 1 January 1903 was allowed a 9 gun personal salute.[6] He later became a member of the Viceroy of India's legislative council.[4][14]

In 1920, he abdicated to his second son, Aizzuddin Ahmad Khan, though he died early in 1926, leaving the state to his son, Amin ud-din Ahmad Khan (1911–1983) - the last Nawab.[15] However, since the new Nawab was still young, Amirud-din Ahmad Khan stepped in and took care of the state till 1931.[16]

After the Independence of India in 1947, the state acceded unto the Union of India and many of the ruling family and the city's Muslim inhabitants re-settled in Lahore, Pakistan, though the Nawab and his direct descendants (except for the eldest daughter of Nawab Aminuddin Ahmed, Mahbano Begum who lives in Islamabad), stayed on, in India.[9]

Nawabs of Loharu

Lineage
Nawab Reign
Ahmad Bakhsh Khan 1806–1827
Sams-ud-din Khan 1827–1835
Aminuddin Ahmad Khan 1835 - 27 February 1869
Allauddin Ahmad Khan 27 February 1869 – 31 October 1884
Amiruddin Ahmad Khan, K.C.S.I 31 October 1884 - April 1920 (abdicated)
Azizuddin Ahmad Khan April 1920 - 30 October 1926
Aminuddin Ahmad Khan II 30 October 1926 – 15 August 1947

Notable members of the Loharu dynasty

The ruling family of Loharu was linked by blood or marriage to several important Muslim personalities of the 19th century, including:

  • Mirza Ghalib (1796—1869), renowned Urdu and Persian poet, married to Umrao Begum, daughter of Nawab Ilahi Bakhsh Khan (younger brother of the first Nawab, Ahmad Baksh Khan).
  • Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, educationist KCSI [14]
  • Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (1905–1977), President of India (1974–1977)
  • Ibrahim Ali Khan Pataudi (1913–1917), Nawab of Pataudi, married to Shahar Bano Begum, daughter of a Nawab of Loharu.

Courtiers

Jaglan Zail of Bidhwan was adjacent to the Loharu State.

Mir Muhammad Khan, was a fine vocalist in the court of Maharaja Loharu, a descendant of Mir Allahbux who a famous vocalists and the court-musician of Maharaja Maharaja Nahar Singh of Ballabhgarh State.[17]

Post-Independence

  • The last ruling Nawab, Amin ud-din Ahmad Khan: Served in the Indian Army, seeing action during the liberation of Portuguese India in 1961. He was later elected to the Legislative Assembly of Rajasthan state, and ended his chequered career as the governor of Himachal Pradesh (1977–1981) and governor of Punjab (1981–1982).
    • Ala-uddin Ahmad Khan II (Born 1938): After staying in Kolkata for many year, he now lives in Loharu town; where the Loharu fort, now in ruins, stands in its center,[18] and a major tourist attraction [19]
    • Aimaduddin Ahmad Khan, or 'Durru Mian' (Born 1944) married to Fauzia Ahmad Khan: Indian National Congress politician, member Legislative Assembly of Rajasthan, Health Minister Of Rajasthan state,[20] settled in Jaipur [21]
    • Noor Bano (Born 1939): Married to Syed Zulfiqar Ali Khan of Rampur, and a member 11th Lok Sabha and 13th Lok Sabha.

Loharu descendants in Pakistan

  • Jamiluddin Aali, (born 1926, Delhi), Urdu poet, playwright.[22]
  • Mahbano Begum, (born 1934, Loharu), eldest daughter of Nawab Aminuddin Ahmad, married to H. E. Dr. S. M. Koreshi, Ambassador of Pakistan.[9]

References

1. ^Loharu Princely State (nine gun salute)
2. ^Salute
3. ^1909 location map of Loharu in British Punjab
4. ^1 {{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Loharu |volume=16 |page=922}}
5. ^Loharu Town The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909, v. 16, p. 170.
6. ^1 Loharu State The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909, v. 16, p. 169.
7. ^Chapter 5: My Loharu Connection {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830035822/http://hamidhussain.com/chapter5.aspx |date=30 August 2009 }} The Battle Within, by Brigadier Mirza Hamid Hussain, Pakistan Army 33. 1970. {{ISBN|969-407-286-7}} -.(ebook)
8. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC&pg=RA3-PA691&lpg=RA3-PA691&dq=Loharu+history&source=web&ots=dawCuJUzyI&sig=DJevyjm8uOgKA8ebPPTmgbfq2nI&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=8&ct=result The State of Loharu] Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey, by Somerset Playne, R. V. Solomon, J. W. Bond, Arnold Wright. Asian Educational Services, 2006. {{ISBN|81-206-1965-X}}.Page 691.
9. ^1 2 Loharu family’s get-together in capital – Islamabad Dawn, 26 May 2005.
10. ^The Story of Many Moons ArabNews, "Sams-ud-din Khan is one of the characters in the historic novel, Kai chand thay sar-e asman (novel), by Shamsur Rahman Faruqi."
11. ^HC fiat to Centre, Delhi Govts on poet Mirza Ghalib's haveli Indian Express, 12 April 1999.
12. ^Delhi Hunger and History in Delhi Jauymini Barkataky, Civil Society, April 2007 Edition.
13. ^Senior Secondary Panama Building Girls School in the Kothi Nawab Loharu lane in Ballimaran Indian Express, 8 October 2008.
14. ^1 {{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Sayyid Ahmad Khan, Sir |volume=24 |page=278 |first=William |last=Lee-Warner}}
15. ^Genealogy of the Nawabs of Loharu Queensland University.
16. ^Loharu Rulers worldstatesmen.org.
17. ^Amala Dāśaśarmā, 1993, [https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=FKWfAAAAMAAJ Musicians of India: Past and Present : Gharanas of Hindustani Music and Genealogies]
18. ^"Eighth Nawab" of Loharu Alauddin Ahmed Khan The Tribune, 23 August 2007.
19. ^Bhiwani district www.haryana-online.com.
20. ^Nawab of Loharu {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221214719/http://www.pratham.org/novib/school_infra/school_progrmm.php |date=21 February 2009 }}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mariekesartofliving.com/header/jaipur_party/hotels/jaipur_hotels |title=Heritage |publisher=Mariekesartofliving.com |date= |accessdate=2013-12-08}}
22. ^Jamiluddin Aali - Pakistani Poet Dawn, 5 June 2008.

External links

  • {{Commons category-inline}}
  • Loharu State - Royalark
  • Genealogy of the Nawabs of Loharu Queensland University
{{Princely states of India}}{{Princely states of the Punjab and Simla Hills}}{{coord|28.45|N|75.82|E|source:kolossus-cawiki|display=title}}

4 : Princely states of India|Muslim princely states of India|Bhiwani district|1806 establishments in Asia
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