词条 | Sheringham |
释义 |
| official_name= Sheringham | country= England | region= East of England | shire_district= North Norfolk | shire_county= Norfolk | civil_parish= Sheringham | static_image_name = Sheringham 24th Jan 2008 (1).JPG | static_image_caption = Town centre | population= 7,367 | population_ref= (2011 census)[1] | area_total_km2 = 4 | os_grid_reference= TG157430 | coordinates = {{coord|52.940|1.213|display=inline,title}} | label_position = bottom | post_town= SHERINGHAM | postcode_area= NR | postcode_district= NR26 | dial_code= 01263 | constituency_westminster= North Norfolk | london_distance= }}Sheringham ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ʃ|ɛr|ɪ|ŋ|ə|m}}; population 7,367) is an English seaside town within the county of Norfolk in the United Kingdom.[2] The motto of the town, granted in 1953 to the Sheringham Urban District Council, is Mare Ditat Pinusque Decorat, Latin for "The sea enriches and the pine adorns".[3] HistoryHistorically, the parish of Sheringham comprised the two villages of Upper Sheringham, a farming community, and Lower Sheringham, which combined farming with fishing. The fishing industry was at its peak in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as the coming of the railways made it possible for fish to be transported more efficiently to market. Through the 1900s the focus of the fishing, as all along the north Norfolk coast, began to be on crabs, lobsters and whelks. The local fishermen were major suppliers of crabs and lobsters to the London fish markets. Long lining for cod and the catching of herring began to become less important in the second half of the century, as did whelking. Today, from a peak of maybe 200 boats, Sheringham has eight boats operated single-handed. The current town of Sheringham was once Lower Sheringham, a fishing station for the main village, now known as Upper Sheringham. It is a railway town that was developed with the coming of the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway line in the late 19th century. Most of Sheringham's range of buildings and shops come from this period and the early 20th century. It has a particularly interesting range of buildings using flint, not normally in the traditional Norfolk style but in a variety of techniques. In the First World War, Sheringham was hit by two bombs from a Zeppelin raid at 20:30 GMT on 18 January 1915, making it the first place in Britain to be attacked by Zeppelins from the air. No one was killed.[4] The town todaySheringham town centre is centred on a traditional high street with a wide range of privately owned shops. On Saturdays throughout the year there is a popular market in the car park next to the railway station which attracts large crowds even out of the holiday season. The town also has a good selection of specialist shops such as second-hand books, antiques and bric-a-brac, fishing tackle and bait, a computer shop, a model shop, and arts and craft shops. The Sheringham Little Theatre has a wide range of productions on throughout the year including a well-established summer repertory season running from July to September, and a popular pantomime at Christmas; in the foyer is a coffee shop with display of art by local artists. There is a selection of food outlets, pubs, restaurants and a youth hostel. On 15 October 2010, Tesco won a 14-year battle to open a store in the town. In a split vote North Norfolk District Council development committee chairman Simon Partridge used his casting vote in favour of the scheme.[5] The store finally opened on 24 October 2013.[6] An annual Cromer and Sheringham Crab/Lobster festival is held in May,[7] and the town's Carnival is held at the beginning of August.[8] Otterndorf Green is a small green space between the town's railway stations. It commemorates Sheringham's twinning with the German town of Otterndorf.[9] The Church of England Parish Church of St Peter was consecrated in 1897.[10] Sheringham Museum{{further|The Mo Sheringham Museum}}The town's museum now known as The Mo includes a collection of old lifeboats, various displays, a viewing tower and houses the Sheringham Shoal Offshore Wind Farm visitor centre.[11] Lifeboats{{further|Sheringham Lifeboat Station}}Sheringham is reputed to be the only place in the world to have four of its original lifeboats.[12] The Sheringham Museum Trust owns three of these: JC Madge (1904–36) pulling and sailing. Foresters Centenary (1936–61) the towns first motorised lifeboat. Manchester Unity of Oddfellows (1961–90) an Oakley Class lifeboat, Sheringham’s last offshore boat. Within the next two to three years Sheringham Museum Trust plans to have an extended museum to house this unique collection together with three crab boats and general lifeboat and fishing industry ephemera. The town has no harbour, so the lifeboat has to be launched by tractor, and the fishing boats are hauled up the beach. An old sail-powered lifeboat is preserved in the former lifeboat shed and the three other preserved RNLI lifeboats are kept in another centre. RailwayThe railway line to Cromer and Norwich remains open as the Bittern Line. Beyond Sheringham station, the line has been preserved as the North Norfolk Railway also known as the "Poppy Line" to Holt. Sheringham is also the North Norfolk Railway link with the National Rail network, which was completed in 2010 and used officially by 70013 Oliver Cromwell. The railway still operates steam trains, although this alternates with diesel-powered trains depending on the timetables. SchoolsSheringham has three schools. One is the Woodfields for disabled children,[13] the other two are Sheringham High School[14] and Sheringham Community Primary School.[15] Places of worship
The Roman Catholic Church of St Joseph, on Cromer Road was designed by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott. In 1901 a donation of over £3,000 by Catherine Deterding, the wife of the managing director and founder of the Shell Oil Company, enabled the purchase of land around an existing chapel to build a new church. Work began in 1902 and the first section, St Joseph's chapel was completed in 1908.[16] In 1910 the second section opened, which comprises the sanctuary, nave and the porch. Later the church was completed by extending the nave and adding a new porch. The complete building was consecrated on 25 March 1935. From the outside it is possible to see the join between the northern two-thirds opened in 1910, and the southern extension completed in 1935. This large red-brick church towers over its neighbours. The north end, (the liturgical east), has a high rose window, while each long side is pierced by three vast Perpendicular-style windows. The church is entered through a porch and into a narthex on the south west corner of the building. Behind a grilled area to the east there is a large framed icon of the Blessed Virgin. Inside the church the height and narrowness emphasizes the arcades which are also of a good height and have arches of alternate sizes. The décor is a mixture of both the arts and crafts movement and industrial Gothic, a signature of Gibert Scott’s style. The font is a replica the seven sacraments font at Little Walsingham. There are some good pieces of early 20th century devotional art much of which was imported from the studio and workshop of Ferdinand Stuflesser in the Austrian Tyrol. There is a rood screen above the entrance to the sanctuary. The Stations of the Cross, ordered from Stuflesser, spent the First World War in the hold of a German freighter impounded at Genoa.
War memorialThe memorial to the men and women of Sheringham and Beeston Regis who died in military service during the two world wars is located at {{gbmapping|TG155433}} on the traffic island at the intersection of the Boulevard, St Nicholas Place and the Esplanade. It was designed by Herbert Palmer somewhat in the style of an Eleanor cross. It is of Clipsham stone and stands {{convert|26|ft|m}} tall.[17] It was unveiled on 1 January 1921. The names of the dead are on four panels that form the base of the cross.[18] A recent addition to the memorial is a small wrought-iron fence around the base with poppy motifs. There are also further names on memorial boards in the nearby parish church of St Peter. Sheringham Park and other prominent property
Offshore wind farmThe town is also home to a large 317MW wind farm, approximately {{convert|11|miles|km}} to {{convert|14|miles|km}} offshore.[21] The Oddfellows HallThe Oddfellows Hall on the Lifeboat Plain, built in 1867, was the original RNLI Lifeboat station and a gathering place for fishermen and boat builders, and has over the years been used as a craft centre, used to exhibit a model railway, and to display a model village. The hall was also used as a shoe factory. After years of standing idle, it re-opened in October 2007 having been completely refurbished at a cost of £250,000. A collection of organisations such as East of England Development Agency, North Norfolk District Council, Sheringham plus Community Partnership and other interested parties worked together to facilitate the refurbishment of the hall and bring it back into community use. Beeston BumpSheringham nestles under the nearby hill of Beeston Bump, a geological SSSI which was the site of one of the Second World War secret Y-stations. The Bump can be climbed using the Norfolk Coast Path from either the east or west. The Bump began forming between 10,000 and 15,000 years[22] ago at the end of the latest Ice Age. The huge mass of ice caused a depression in the land and, as the ice melted, the land mass began to 'spring' slowly back in a process called isostatic readjustment. This process still occurs in the UK, as Northern England is slowly rising. Sea defencesThe northern frontage of Sheringham is protected by a concrete seawall which also serves as the promenade. It is a vital part of the protection of the town against the natural erosion that occurs along the North Norfolk coast. The storm surge of 1953 considerably damaged Sheringham's wooden sea defences. In front of the sea wall are groynes, armoured at their bases with large blocks of natural rock, which prevent long shore drift. There are numerous drains along the frontage. To the east towards West Runton the seawall ends just below Beeston Bump. From there a timber revetment and groyne system, designed and constructed in 1976, runs eastwards for 2 km (just over a mile) to West Runton Gap. The shoreline management plans of the Department for Environment include a policy of "managed retreat" along this stretch of coast. The revetment between Sheringham and West Runton is no longer being maintained and is thus in a poor state of repair. Sections that become hazardous will be removed. The coastline will then be left to evolve naturally. Sport and leisureSheringham has a Non-League football club Sheringham F.C. who play at Weybourne Road. Sheringham Golf Club opened in 1891. In October 2016, it was announced a disused sewage outlet pipe stretching {{convert|50|metres|}} from the beach into the sea will form the North Sea's "first snorkel trail".[23] Sheringham Golf Club is located on town's western outskirts and is bounded by the North Sea and the North Norfolk Railway.[24] Notable people
Twin towns
Location diagram{{Geographic location|title = Destinations from Sheringham |Northwest = North Sea |North = North Sea |Northeast = North Sea |West = Weybourne |Centre = Sheringham |East = Beeston Regis |Southwest = Upper Sheringham |South = East Beckham |Southeast = Aylmerton }} See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11128417&c=Sheringham&d=16&e=62&g=6449739&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1440515922665&enc=1|title=Town population 2011|accessdate=25 August 2015}} 2. ^Ordnance Survey (2002). OS Explorer Map 252 - Norfolk Coast East. {{ISBN|0-319-21888-0}}. 3. ^Town Crest and motto Retrieved 7 March 2013 4. ^{{cite web|title=Norfolk towns mark WW1 Zeppelin raid centenary|url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-norfolk-30872089|website=BBC News|accessdate=24 April 2018}} 5. ^Eastern Daily Press article Retrieved 18 October 2010 6. ^[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-norfolk-24653342 Sheringham Tesco opens after 17-year feud] Retrieved 24 October 2013 7. ^Crab Festival 8. ^{{cite web|title=Sheringham Carnival official website|url=http://www.sheringhamcarnival.com/|publisher=www.sheringhamcarnival.com|accessdate=4 September 2016}} 9. ^Otterndorf Green {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110827041851/http://sheringhaminbloom.org.uk/displays/page7.html |date=27 August 2011 }} Retrieved 3 February 2011 10. ^Norfolk churches Retrieved 26 February 2015 11. ^{{cite web|title=Our Collection|url=https://www.sheringhammuseum.co.uk/index.php/collection|publisher=The Mo: Sheringham Museum|accessdate=11 January 2011}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Museum Life Boats|url=http://www.sheringhammuseum.co.uk/museumlifeboats.html|publisher=www.sheringhammuseum.co.uk|accessdate=4 September 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080518084905/http://www.sheringhammuseum.co.uk/museumlifeboats.html|archivedate=18 May 2008|df=dmy-all}} 13. ^Woodfields School Retrieved 17 May 2009 14. ^Sheringham High School Retrieved 17 May 2009 15. ^Sheringham Community Primary School {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311080902/http://www.sheringhamprimary.norfolk.sch.uk/pages/viewpage.asp?uniqid=4 |date=11 March 2009 }} Retrieved 17 May 2009 16. ^St Joseph's Church {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120730141951/http://www.domainnamesanity.com/webumake/wwwsites/www.steamindex.com/stjoseph/newchurch.htm |date=30 July 2012 }} Retrieved 22 August 2008 17. ^Sheringham & District Branch, The Royal British Legion - War Memorial 18. ^List of the names on the war memorial with brief biographies 19. ^{{cite web|title=Luxury North Norfolk Hotel|url=http://www.dalescountryhouse.co.uk/|publisher=www.dalescountryhouse.co.uk|accessdate=4 September 2016}} 20. ^Norfolk Mills - Sheringham watermill 21. ^{{cite web|title=Sheringham Shoal Offshore Windfarm Location|url=http://sheringhamshoal.co.uk/about/location|website=Sheringham Shoal|accessdate=28 May 2018}} 22. ^Beeston Hill 23. ^{{cite web|title=Victorian Sheringham pipe becomes North Sea's " first snorkel trail"|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-norfolk-37583739|website=BBC News|accessdate=11 October 2016|date=9 October 2016}} 24. ^{{cite web|title=Sheringham Golf Club|url=http://www.sheringhamgolfclub.co.uk/|website=Sheringham Golf Club|accessdate=12 November 2016}} 25. ^[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-suffolk-28715002 BBC news report] Retrieved 16 August 2015 26. ^King Nicholas and the Copeman Empire (Paperback), by Nick Copeman {{ISBN|0-09-189920-6}} 27. ^Literary Norfolk, Allan Smethurst-The Singing Postman Retrieved 18 April 2013 28. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.muzillac.fr/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/7-LIM-septembre.pdf|title=Votre lettre d’informations municipales|date=September 2014|publisher=Muzillac|pages=1|accessdate=24 October 2014}} External links{{wikivoyage|Sheringham}}{{commons category|Sheringham}}{{Norfolk}}{{Civil Parishes of North Norfolk}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2010}} 11 : Sheringham|North Norfolk|Seaside resorts in England|Towns in Norfolk|Market towns in Norfolk|Fishing communities in England|Populated coastal places in Norfolk|Port cities and towns of the North Sea|Railway towns in England|Civil parishes in Norfolk|Beaches of Norfolk |
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。