| 词条 | Long Wood Enclosure |
| 释义 |
| name =Long Wood Enclosure | native_name = | native_language = | image =Enclosure in Long Wood (geograph 2784636).jpg | caption = | locmapin =Somerset | coordinates = {{coord|51.169223|-3.458025|display=inline,title}} | location =Dunster, Somerset, England | area = | built =Bronze Age – Iron Age | architect = | architecture = | governing_body = | designation1 =Scheduled Ancient Monument | designation1_offname =Long Wood Enclosure | designation1_date = | designation1_number = | designation2 = | designation2_offname = | designation2_date = | designation2_number = }}Long Wood Enclosure is an Enclosure which may have been a univallate Iron Age hill fort, in the West Somerset district of Somerset, England. The hill fort is situated approximately {{convert|3.5|km}} southwest from the village of Dunster. It has been scheduled as an ancient monument.[1][2] The enclosure approximately {{convert|40|m}} in diameter and covers around {{convert|0.15|ha}}. It is surrounded by a bank and ditch about {{convert|6.5|m}} wide and {{convert|1.9|m}} high. The original entrance is likely to be a break in the bank opposite a causeway on the uphill southwesterly side. The hill fort has been damaged in recent years due to forestry plantation.[1][2][3] Background{{further|Hill fort}}Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC.[4] The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people.[5] Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated "[the forts] provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress [of an increasing population] burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn't see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".[6] See also
References1. ^1 {{NHLE|desc=Later prehistoric defended enclosure, Long Wood|num=1008255|accessdate=1 December 2014}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|title=MSO9087 – Long Wood Enclosure|url=http://www.exmoorher.co.uk/hbsmr-web/record.aspx?UID=MSO9087-Long-Wood-Enclosure|website=Exmoor National Park Historic Environment Record|publisher=Exmoor National Park|accessdate=1 December 2014}} 3. ^{{PastScape|mname=Longwood|mnumber=36926|accessdate=1 December 2014}} 4. ^{{citation |first1=Andrew |last1=Payne |first2=Mark |last2=Corney |first3=Barry |last3=Cunliffe |title=The Wessex Hillforts Project: Extensive Survey of Hillfort Interiors in Central Southern England |publisher=English Heritage |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-873592-85-4 |url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.10744 | page=1}} 5. ^{{citation |last=Sharples |first=Niall M |title=English Heritage Book of Maiden Castle |publisher=B. T. Batsford |year=1991 |location=London |isbn=0-7134-6083-0 | pages=71–72}} 6. ^{{citation |url=http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/T/timeteam/2008/swords/swords-found.html |title=Time Team: Swords, skulls and strongholds |publisher=Channel 4 |date=2008-05-19 |accessdate=16 September 2009}} 4 : History of Somerset|Hill forts in Somerset|Iron Age sites in England|Scheduled Ancient Monuments in West Somerset |
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