| 词条 | Loujain al-Hathloul |
| 释义 |
| name = Loujain al-Hathloul {{lang|ar| لجين الهذلول}} | image = Loujain Alhathloul.jpg | image_size = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|7|31|df=yes}} | birth_place = Jeddah, Saudi Arabia | spouse = married Fahad Albutairi (2014-2018) (husband was pressured into divorce by Saudi regime)[1] | alma_mater = University of British Columbia[2] | religion = | known_for=Defying female driving ban in Saudi Arabia }}Loujain al-Hathloul ({{lang-ar|لجين الهذلول}} Lujjayn al-Hadhlūl; born 31 July 1989) is a Saudi women's rights activist, a social media figure, and a political prisoner. She is a graduate of the University of British Columbia.[2] She has been arrested and released several times for defying the ban on women driving in Saudi Arabia and was arrested in May 2018, with several prominent women's rights activists, on the charge of attempting to destabilise the kingdom. She was ranked third in the list of Top 100 Most Powerful Arab Women 2015.[4][5][6][7] {{As of|2018|10}}, her ex-husband, Saudi stand-up comedian Fahad Albutairi, was also under arrest.[3][4] Women's rights activism (2014–2017)Al-Hathloul is known both for her role in the women to drive movement and in opposing the Saudi male guardianship system.[10] On 1 December 2014, she was arrested and detained for 73 days after an attempt to cross the border in her car from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to Saudi Arabia on charges related to defying the female driving ban in the kingdom.[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] She has a UAE licence but the Saudi police still arrested her.[5] In September 2016, along with 14,000 others, al-Hathloul signed a petition to King Salman asking for the male guardianship system to be abolished.[10] On 4 June 2017, she was arrested and detained at King Fahad International Airport in Dammam. The reason for the arrest was unclear and al-Hathloul had not, {{as of|2017|06|lc=y}}, been allowed access to a lawyer or contact with her family.[6] 2018–2019 detention and tortureAl-Hathloul was detained again on the eve of 15 May 2018, along with Eman al-Nafjan, Aisha al-Mana, Aziza al-Yousef, Madeha al-Ajroush and some men[22][10][24] involved in campaigning for women's rights in Saudi Arabia.[7][8] Human Rights Watch interpreted the purpose of the arrests as frightening "anyone expressing skepticism about the crown prince's rights agenda".[10] In June 2018, women were granted the right to drive in Saudi Arabia, while al-Hathloul remained under arrest. According to ALQST and Amnesty International, al-Hathloul and several of the other women detained for their women's rights activities were tortured. Torture techniques included being beaten on their feet, given electric shocks, whipped, in a torture location called "the hotel" or "the officer's guesthouse".[29][30] According to Loujain al-Hathloul's sister Alia, (who lives in Brussels, Belgium), torture techniques used specifically against Loujain also included beating, electric shocks and waterboarding, and the torture occurred between May and August 2018. Loujain al-Hathloul's parents stated that Loujain's "thighs were blackened by bruises" when they visited, and that Loujain "was shaking uncontrollably, unable to hold her grip, to walk or sit normally" during their visit.[31] According to Alia al-Hathloul, Saud al-Qahtani visited al-Hathloul during her torture, laughing at her, threatening to rape and kill her and to dispose of her body in the sewage system, and he tortured her "all night during Ramadan".[31] Alia al-Hathloul stated that she had expected that under Saudi norms in relation to women, her sister would not have been tortured.[31] As of December 2018, al-Hathloul was in jail with her fellow activists at Dhahban Central Prison.[9][10][30] According to her brother Walid al-Hathloul, (who lives in Ontario, Canada), al-Hathloul was by February 2019 held in al-Ha'ir Prison.[11] On March 1st, 2019 the office of Saudi Arabia’s public prosecutor office in Lebanon announced that the preliminary investigation had been completed and they would be preparing to try al-Hathloul and other activists in court for undermining state security.[12] On March 13, 2019, the trial began, although the charges were not specified and reporters and diplomats were barred from attending.[13][14] See also
References1. ^ Nicholas Kristof 2019 [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/26/opinion/sunday/loujain-al-hathloul-saudi.html "She Wanted to Drive, So Saudi Arabia’s Ruler Imprisoned and Tortured Her"] NY Times [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]2. ^Michelle Ghoussoub 2018 [https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/concern-grows-for-ubc-grad-after-report-saudi-arabia-tortured-activists-1.4915824 Concern grows for UBC grad after report Saudi Arabia tortured activists] CBC News 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/08/world/middleeast/saudi-jamal-khashoggi-dissent.html|title=‘Our Hands Can Reach You’: Khashoggi Case Shakes Saudi Dissidents Abroad|first=Ben|last=Hubbard|date=8 October 2018|website=Nytimes.com}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/10/11/saudi-arabia-reveal-fate-jamal-khashoggi|title=Saudi Arabia: Reveal Fate of Jamal Khashoggi|date=11 October 2018|website=Human Rights Watch}} 5. ^Brian Murphy 2015 [https://www.smh.com.au/world/once-jailed-for-ignoring-a-driving-ban-this-saudi-woman-is-now-standing-for-office-20151210-gljwbj.html Once jailed for defying a driving ban, this Saudi woman is now standing for office] Sydney Morning Herald 6. ^{{cite news|last1=Mortimer|first1=Caroline|title=Saudi Arabia jails human rights activist who defied women's driving ban|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-woman-driving-ban-jailed-loujain-al-hathloul-activist-a7777696.html|accessdate=8 June 2017|work=The Independent|date=8 June 2017 | archivedate = 2017-10-12 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012094947/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-women-jailed-for-driving-released-from-prison-after-two-months-10043390.html }} 7. ^{{cite web | last1 = Batrawy | first1 = Aya | title = Six women's driving advocates in Saudi Arabia arrested | work = Toronto Star | url = https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2018/05/18/six-womens-driving-advocates-in-saudi-arabia-arrested.html | accessdate = 19 May 2018 | deadurl = No | archivedate = 2018-06-05 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180605014458/https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2018/05/18/six-womens-driving-advocates-in-saudi-arabia-arrested.html }} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Saudi Arabia: Chilling smear campaign against women's rights defenders|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/05/saudi-arabia-chilling-smear-campaign-tries-to-discredit-loujain-al-hathloul-and-other-detained-womens-rights-defenders/|publisher=Amnesty International|accessdate=19 May 2018 | deadurl = No | archivedate = 2018-06-05 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180605015607/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/05/saudi-arabia-chilling-smear-campaign-tries-to-discredit-loujain-al-hathloul-and-other-detained-womens-rights-defenders/ }} 9. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-06-24/saudi-arabia-women-activists-jailed-as-driving-ban-ends/9900500|title=Saudi women can now drive — but activists jailed|date=2018-06-24|work=ABC News|access-date=2018-06-25|language=en-AU}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/inpictures/saudi-driving-ban-ends-women-rights-activists-remain-jailed-180624080615030.html|title=Saudi driving ban ends as women's rights activists remain jailed|website=Aljazeera.com|access-date=2018-06-25}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-prison-torture-womens-rights-loujain-al-hathloul-walid-a8781851.html|title=Brother of Saudi woman ‘being tortured in prison’ fears her treatment is getting worse|date=22 February 2019|website=The Independent}} 12. ^{{cite web |last1=Hubbard |first1=Ben |title=Saudi Arabia Moves Toward Trials of Women’s Rights Activists |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/02/world/middleeast/saudi-arabia-trial-rights-activists.html |website=The New York Times |accessdate=4 March 2019 |date=2 March 2019}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-loujain-al-hathloul-trial-womens-rights-court-riyadh-a8821141.html|title=Saudi women's rights campaigner who has been ‘tortured and sexually harassed in prison’ goes on trial|date=13 March 2019|website=The Independent}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/13/saudi-womens-rights-activists-go-on-trial-in-riyadh|title=Saudi women's rights activists go on trial in Riyadh|date=13 March 2019|accessdate=14 March 2019|website=Theguardian.com}} 15. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web | last1 = | first1 = | last2= | first2= | authorlink = | coauthors = | title =Saudi Arabia: Women's Rights Advocates Arrested — Jumping Ahead of Crown Prince's Reforms Risks Jail Time | work = | publisher = Human Rights Watch | date = 2018-05-18 | url = https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/05/18/saudi-arabia-womens-rights-advocates-arrested |format = | doi = | accessdate = 2018-05-19 |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/6zXSVowe4 |archivedate= 2018-05-19 |deadurl=no}} 16. ^1 {{cite news | url = http://mashable.com/2015/02/13/saudi-arabia-female-drivers-freed/| title = Women who defied Saudi Arabia's driving ban freed after months in jail| work = Mashable| author = | date = 2015-02-13| page = | location = | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20171006013455/http://mashable.com/2015/02/13/saudi-arabia-female-drivers-freed/| archivedate = 2017-10-06| accessdate = 2015-03-07| deadurl = No | quote = }} 17. ^1 {{cite news | url = http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/incredibly-fierce-ubc-graduate-among-activists-detained-in-saudi-arabia-1.4681151| title = Incredibly fierce' UBC graduate among activists detained in Saudi Arabia| work = CBC News| author = Michelle Ghoussoub| date = 2018-05-29| page = | location = | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180530162813/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/incredibly-fierce-ubc-graduate-among-activists-detained-in-saudi-arabia-1.4681151| archivedate = 2018-05-30| accessdate = 2018-05-31| deadurl = No | quote = A graduate of the University of British Columbia is among 10 activists recently arrested in Saudi Arabia. Loujain Al-Hathloul attended UBC between 2009 and 2014, graduating with a degree in French.}} 18. ^1 {{cite news | url = http://www.arabianbusiness.com/the-100-most-powerful-arab-women-2015-584094.html | title = The 100 Most Powerful Arab Women 2015| website = ArabianBusiness.com| author = | date = 2015-03-04| page = | location = | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150305021205/http://www.arabianbusiness.com:80/the-100-most-powerful-arab-women-2015-584094.html| archivedate = 2015-03-05| accessdate = 2018-05-31| deadurl = No | quote = }} 19. ^1 {{cite news | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/arabian-business-magazine-reveals-most-powerful-arab-women-10085128.html| title = Sheikha Lubna Al Qassimi and Amal Clooney named most powerful Arab women in the world| work = The Independent| author = | date = 2015-03-04| page = | location = | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20171012094951/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/arabian-business-magazine-reveals-most-powerful-arab-women-10085128.html| archivedate = 2017-10-12| accessdate = 2015-03-07| deadurl = No | quote = Loujain Al Hathloul, at number three on the list, hit the headlines in December after she was arrested for driving across the border from the UAE to Saudi Arabia. She has now been freed from prison after reigniting the debate about women’s right to drive.}} 20. ^1 {{cite news | url = http://www.arabnews.com/featured/news/713441 | title = 21 Saudis among 100 most powerful Arab women| work = Arab News| author = | date = 2015-03-04| page = | location = | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170922053721/http://www.arabnews.com:80/featured/news/713441| archivedate = 2017-09-22| accessdate = 2015-03-07| deadurl = No | quote = Loujain Al-Hathloul from Saudi Arabia is in third place for her achievements on the cultural and social fronts, while Saudi businesswoman Lubna Olayan came in at fourth for her role in the banking and finance sector.}} 21. ^1 {{cite news | url = http://www.albawaba.com/business/retail-tycoon-amal-clooney-meet-arab-worlds-most-powerful-women-665456 | title = From a retail tycoon to Amal Clooney: meet the Arab World's most powerful women| work = Al-Bawaba| author = | date = 2015-03-06| page = | location = | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170801111339/https://www.albawaba.com/business/retail-tycoon-amal-clooney-meet-arab-worlds-most-powerful-women-665456| archivedate = 2017-08-01| accessdate = 2015-03-07| deadurl = No | quote = Loujain Al Hathloul, at number three on the list, hit the headlines in December after she was arrested for driving across the border from the UAE to Saudi Arabia. She has now been freed from prison after reigniting the debate about women’s right to drive.}} 22. ^1 {{cite news | url = http://time.com/3708599/saudi-women-driving-ban/ | title = Two Saudi Women Who Were Detained for Defying a Driving Ban Have Been Freed| work = Time magazine| author = | date = 2015-02-13| page = | location = | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161029123203/http://time.com:80/3708599/saudi-women-driving-ban/| archivedate = 2016-10-29| accessdate = 2015-03-04| deadurl = No | quote = Loujain al-Hathloul and Maysaa al-Amoudi had been held since Dec. 1, after al-Hathloul, 25, attempted to drive into Saudi Arabia from the United Arab Emirates, Agence France-Presse reports.}} 23. ^1 {{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/13/world/middleeast/saudi-women-free-after-73-days-in-jail-for-driving.html| title = Saudi Women Free After 73 Days in Jail for Driving| work = The New York Times| author = | date = 2015-02-13| page = | location = | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170927053108/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/13/world/middleeast/saudi-women-free-after-73-days-in-jail-for-driving.html| archivedate = 2017-09-27| accessdate = 2015-03-04| deadurl = No | quote = }} 24. ^1 {{cite news | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-women-jailed-for-driving-released-from-prison-after-two-months-10043390.html | title = Saudi women jailed for driving 'released from prison' after two months| work = The Independent| author = | date = 2015-02-13| page = | location = | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20171012094947/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-women-jailed-for-driving-released-from-prison-after-two-months-10043390.html| archivedate = 2017-10-12| accessdate = 2015-03-04| deadurl = No | quote = }} 25. ^1 {{cite news | url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/woman-who-aided-saudi-female-driver-released-from-jail-1423759283 | title = Saudi Arabia Releases Two Women Drivers From Jail| work = The Wall Street Journal| author = | date = 2015-02-13| page = | location = | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180527173208/https://www.wsj.com/articles/woman-who-aided-saudi-female-driver-released-from-jail-1423759283| archivedate = 2018-05-27| accessdate = 2015-03-04| deadurl = No | quote = }} 26. ^1 {{cite news | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-31449972 | title = Saudi women drivers 'freed from jail'| work = BBC News| author = | date = 2015-02-13| page = | location = | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180115175147/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-31449972| archivedate = 2018-01-15| accessdate = 2015-03-04| deadurl = No | quote = }} 27. ^1 {{cite news | url = http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/afp/article-2951611/Saudi-womens-rights-campaigners-freed-prison.html| title = Saudi women's rights campaigners 'freed from prison'| work = Daily Mail| author = | date = 2015-02-13| page = | location = | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymail.co.uk%2Fwires%2Fafp%2Farticle-2951611%2FSaudi-womens-rights-campaigners-freed-prison.html&date=2018-06-01| archivedate = 2018-06-01| accessdate = 2015-03-04| deadurl = No | quote = }} 28. ^1 {{cite news | url = http://france24.com/en/20150213-saudi-women-driving-ban-freed-prison/ | title = Saudi women who defied driving ban ‘freed from jail’| work = France 24| author = | date = 2015-02-13| page = | location = | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180331202313/http://www.france24.com/en/20150213-saudi-women-driving-ban-freed-prison| archivedate = 2018-03-31| accessdate = 2015-03-07| deadurl = No | quote = }} 29. ^1 {{cite news | url = http://www.thenational.scot/world/16238142.Rights_activists_arrested_ahead_of_Saudi_driving_ban_reversal/ | title = Female activists detained ahead of Saudi driving ban reversal| work = The National| author = | date = 2018-05-20| page = | location = | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180605015004/http://www.thenational.scot/world/16238142.Rights_activists_arrested_ahead_of_Saudi_driving_ban_reversal/| archivedate = 2018-06-05| accessdate = 2018-05-31| deadurl = No | quote = Some state-linked media outlets published the names of those detained, which include Loujain al-Hathloul, Aziza al-Yousef and Eman al-Najfan.}} 30. ^1 {{cite news | url = https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/20/middleeast/saudi-women-arrests---intl/index.html | title = Saudi Arabia arrests female activists weeks before lifting of driving ban| work = CNN| author = Sarah El Sirgany, Hilary Clarke| date = 2018-05-21| page = | location = | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180521091846/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/20/middleeast/saudi-women-arrests---intl/index.html| archivedate = 2018-05-21| accessdate = 2018-05-31| deadurl = No | quote = Activists Loujain al-Hathloul, Iman al-Nafjan, Aziza al-Yousef and Aisha Almane were arrested last week, along with four male supporters, the government and Saudi media said Friday.}} 31. ^1 {{cite web | last1 = | first1 = | last2= | first2= | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = ALQST Confirms New Details of Torture of Saudi Women Activists as British MPs Seek Access to Prisons to Investigate | work = | publisher = ALQST | date = 2019-01-03 | url = https://alqst.org/eng/confirms-new-details-of-torture-of-saudi-women-activists-as-british-mps-seek-access-to-prisons-to-investigate/ |format = | doi = | accessdate = 2019-01-12 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20190112223002/https://alqst.org/eng/confirms-new-details-of-torture-of-saudi-women-activists-as-british-mps-seek-access-to-prisons-to-investigate/ |archivedate= 2019-01-12 |deadurl=no}} 32. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=Saudi Arabia: Reports of torture and sexual harassment of detained activists |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/11/saudi-arabia-reports-of-torture-and-sexual-harassment-of-detained-activists/ |website=Amnesty.org |publisher=Amnesty International |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/75Nf6WJaK?url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/11/saudi-arabia-reports-of-torture-and-sexual-harassment-of-detained-activists/ |archivedate=2019-01-12 |accessdate=21 November 2018 |language=en}} 33. ^1 2 3 {{cite news | last1= al-Hathloul | first1= Alia | last2= | first2= | pages= | language = | title= My Sister Is in a Saudi Prison. Will Mike Pompeo Stay Silent? |trans-title = | date= 2019-01-13 | publisher= The New York Times | url= https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/13/opinion/saudi-women-rights-activist-prison-pompeo.html |accessdate= 2019-01-13 |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/75PCJgruC?url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/13/opinion/saudi-women-rights-activist-prison-pompeo.html |archivedate= 2019-01-13 |deadurl=no}} 34. ^1 {{cite news | last1= | first1= | last2= | first2= | pages= | language = | title= Alqst and Over 160 groups call for accountability following murder of journalist and widespread arrest of women’s rights defenders | date= 26 October 2018 | publisher= ALQST | url= https://alqst.org/eng/over-160-groups-call-for-accountability-following-murder-of-journalist-and-widespread-arrest-of-womens-rights-defenders/ |accessdate=28 October 2018 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20181028231142/https://alqst.org/eng/over-160-groups-call-for-accountability-following-murder-of-journalist-and-widespread-arrest-of-womens-rights-defenders/ |archivedate= 28 October 2018 |deadurl=no}} 35. ^1 {{cite web | last1 = von Hein | first1 =Matthias | last2= | first2= | authorlink = | coauthors = | title =Is Saudi Arabia waging war on its Shiite minority? | work = | publisher = Deutsche Welle | date = 10 August 2017 | url = https://www.dw.com/en/is-saudi-arabia-waging-war-on-its-shiite-minority/a-40045513 |format = | doi = | accessdate = 25 August 2018 |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/71vAnZIaK?url=https://www.dw.com/en/is-saudi-arabia-waging-war-on-its-shiite-minority/a-40045513 |archivedate= 24 August 2018 |deadurl=no}} 36. ^1 {{cite web | last1 = Brennan | first1 = David | last2= | first2= | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Who Is Israa al-Ghomgham? Female Saudi Activist May Be Beheaded After Death Sentence | work = | publisher = Newsweek | date =21 August 2018 | url = https://www.newsweek.com/who-israa-al-ghomgham-female-saudi-activist-may-be-beheaded-after-death-1083499 |format = | doi = | accessdate = 24 August 2018 |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/71v3csHGA |archivedate= 24 August 2018 |deadurl=no}} }} External links{{Wikiquote}}{{Commons category}}
18 : Living people|1989 births|Saudi Arabian women|People from Riyadh|Saudi Arabian activists|Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Saudi Arabia|University of British Columbia alumni|Saudi Arabian dissidents|Saudi Arabian feminists|Women's rights in Saudi Arabia|Saudi Arabian women's rights activists|Saudi Arabian prisoners and detainees|BBC 100 Women|People from Jeddah|Women human rights defenders|Victims of human rights abuses|Prisoners and detainees of Saudi Arabia|Women human rights defenders |
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