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词条 LPWAN
释义

  1. Technology Attributes

  2. Platforms and technologies

     Ultra-narrow band   Telegram Splitting   Others 

  3. See also

  4. References

{{short description|Type of wireless telecommunication wide area network}}{{advert|needs more content about the technology, is mostly a list of vendors, |date=June 2018}}

A low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) or low-power wide-area (LPWA) network or low-power network (LPN) is a type of wireless telecommunication wide area network designed to allow long range communications at a low bit rate among things (connected objects), such as sensors operated on a battery.[1][2]

The low power, low bit rate and intended use distinguish this type of network from a wireless WAN that is designed to connect users or businesses, and carry more data, using more power. The LPWAN data rate ranges from 0.3 kbit/s to 50 kbit/s per

channel.[3]

A LPWAN may be used to create a private wireless sensor network, but may also be a service or infrastructure offered by a third party, allowing the owners of sensors to deploy them in the field without investing in gateway technology.

Technology Attributes

  1. Long Range: The operating range of LPWAN technology varies from a few kilometers in urban areas to over 10 km in rural settings. It can also enable effective data communication in previously infeasible indoor and underground locations.
  2. Low Power: Optimized for power consumption, LPWAN transceivers can run on small, inexpensive batteries for up to 20 years
  3. Low Cost: LPWAN's simplified, lightweight protocols reduce complexity in hardware design and lower device costs. Its long range combined with a star topology reduce expensive infrastructure requirements, and the use of license-free or licensed bands reduce network costs.

Platforms and technologies

There are a number of competing standards and vendors in the LPWAN space, the most prominent of which include[4]:

  • Chirp spread spectrum based
  • Sigfox, UNB-based technology and French company.[5]
  • LoRa is a proprietary, chirp spread spectrum (CSS) radio modulation technology for LPWAN used by LoRaWAN, Haystack Technologies, and Symphony Link.[6][7]
  • Weightless is an open standard, narrowband technology for LPWAN used by Ubiik

Ultra-narrow band

Ultra Narrowband (UNB), modulation technology used for LPWAN by various companies including:

  • Sigfox, UNB-based technology and French company.[8]
  • Telensa[9] A Cambridge based company using UNB-based technology to connect and control streetlights and other city infrastructure.
  • Nwave,[10] proprietary technology developed in cooperation with MIT. Its first release without error correcting codes also forms the basis of the Weightless-N open protocol.[11][12]
  • Weightless, a set of communication standards from the Weightless SIG.[13]
  • NB-Fi Protocol, developed by WAVIoT company.[14]

Telegram Splitting

Telegram Splitting is a standardized LPWAN technology in the license-free spectrum.

  • MIOTY, telegram splitting technology standardized by ETSI (TS 103 357).

Others

  • DASH7 Mode 2 development framework for low power wireless networks, by Haystack Technologies.[15] Runs over many wireless radio standards like LoRa, LTE, 802.15.4g, and others.
  • LTE Advanced for Machine Type Communications (LTE-M), an evolution of LTE communications for connected things by 3GPP.[16]
  • MySensors, DIY Home Automation framework supporting different radios including LoRa.
  • NarrowBand IoT (NB-IOT), standardization effort by 3GPP for a LPWAN used in cellular networks,[17] that evolved from Huawei's NB-CIoT effort.[18]
  • Random phase multiple access (RPMA), technology from Ingenu,[19] formerly known as On-Ramp Wireless.
  • Taggle Byron. A Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) technology from Taggle Systems in Australia. [https://www.iothub.com.au/news/how-taggle-is-spreading-lpwan-across-australia-439355 "How Taggle is spreading LPWAN across Australia"]

See also

  • LoRa
  • Internet of things
  • QRP operation
  • Slowfeld
  • Through-the-earth mine communications

References

1. ^Beser, Nurettin Burcak. "Operating cable modems in a low power mode." U.S. Patent No. 7,389,528. 17 June 2008.
2. ^Schwartzman, Alejandro, and Chrisanto Leano. "Methods and apparatus for enabling and disabling cable modem receiver circuitry." U.S. Patent No. 7,587,746. 8 September 2009.
3. ^[https://arxiv.org/pdf/1607.08011.pdf Ferran Adelantado, Xavier Vilajosana, Pere Tuset-Peiro, Borja Martinez, Joan Melià-Seguí and Thomas Watteyne. Understanding the Limits of LoRaWAN (January 2017).]
4. ^{{cite journal|author1=Ramon Sanchez-Iborra |author2=Maria-Dolores Cano |title=State of the Art in LP-WAN Solutions for Industrial IoT Services |journal=Sensors |year=2016 |doi=10.3390/s16050708 |volume=16 |page=708}}
5. ^{{Cite web|title = SIGFOX Technology|url = https://www.sigfox.com/en/#!/technology|access-date = 2016-02-01}}
6. ^{{Cite web|title = LoRa Integration - Link Labs|url = https://www.link-labs.com/lora/|website = Link Labs|access-date = 2016-02-01|language = en-US}}
7. ^{{cite journal|author1=Jesus Sanchez-Gomez |author2=Ramon Sanchez-Iborra | author5=Antonio F. Skarmeta |title=Experimental comparison of LoRa and FSK as IoT-communication-enabling modulations |journal=IEEE Global Communications Conference (Globecom'17) |year=2017 |url=http://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.2017.8254530}}
8. ^{{Cite web|title = SIGFOX Technology|url = https://www.sigfox.com/en/#!/technology|access-date = 2016-02-01}}
9. ^{{Cite web|title = UNB Wireless - Telensa|url = https://www.telensa.com/unb-wireless/|website = Telensa|access-date = 2016-02-01|language = en-GB}}
10. ^https://www.nwave.io/
11. ^[https://www.nwave.io/ Nwave]
12. ^{{Cite web|title = Nwave Network {{!}} Nwave|url = https://www.nwave.io/nwave-network/|website = www.nwave.io|access-date = 2016-02-01}}
13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.weightless.org/about/weightlessn|title=Weightless-N - Weightless|website=www.weightless.org|access-date=2016-02-01}}
14. ^{{Cite web|url=https://waviot.com/technology/what-is-nb-fi|title=What is NB-Fi Protocol – WAVIoT LPWAN|website=WAVIoT LPWAN|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-18}}
15. ^{{Cite web|title = Framework Details|url = http://haystacktechnologies.com/products-and-services/framework-details/|website = haystacktechnologies.com|access-date = 2016-02-01}}
16. ^{{Cite web|title = Evolution of LTE in Release 13|url = https://www.3gpp.org/news-events/3gpp-news/1628-rel13|website = www.3gpp.org|access-date = 2016-02-01|first = Kevin|last = Flynn}}
17. ^{{Cite web|title = LTE-M, NB-LTE-M, & NB-IOT: Three 3GPP IoT Technologies To Get Familiar With|url = https://www.link-labs.com/lte-iot-technologies/|website = Link Labs|access-date = 2016-02-01|language = en-US}}
18. ^{{Cite web|title = Huawei and partners Leading NB-IoT Standardization -- PHOENIX, Sept. 21, 20 15 /PR Newswire UK/ --|url = http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/huawei-and-partners-leading-nb-iot-standardization-528516901.html|website = www.prnewswire.co.uk|access-date = 2016-02-01|last = Huawei}}
19. ^{{Cite web|title = Ingenu's RPMA Technology|url = https://www.ingenu.com/technology/rpma/|website = Ingenu|access-date = 2016-02-01|language = en-US}}

2 : Wide area networks|Wireless networking
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