| 词条 | Shirley Muldowney |
| 释义 |
| name = Shirley Muldowney | image = File:ShirleyMuldowney2017.jpg | imagesize = | caption = Shirley Muldowney signing autographs at the Automobile Driving Museum in El Segundo CA, July 2017 | nationality = | birth_name = Shirley Ann Roque | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1940|6|19}} | birth_place = Burlington, Vermont | related to = | current series = | first year = 1958 | current team = | car number = | former teams = | starts = | wins = | poles = | fastest laps = | best finish = | year = | prev series = NHRA, Top Fuel | prev series years = | titles = Top Fuel 1977, 1980, 1982 | awards = Motorsports Hall of Fame of America, National Hot Rod Association top 50 Drivers of 1951–2000, International Motor Sports Hall of Fame | award years = 1990, 2001, 2004 }} Shirley Muldowney (born June 19, 1940[1]), also known professionally as "Cha Cha" and the "First Lady of Drag Racing", is an American auto racer. She was the first woman to receive a license from the National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) to drive a Top Fuel dragster. She won the NHRA Top Fuel championship in 1977, 1980, and 1982, becoming the first person to win two and three Top Fuel titles.[2][3] She won a total of 18 NHRA national events. Racing careerBorn Shirley Ann Roque in Burlington, Vermont, Muldowney began street racing in the 1950s in Schenectady, New York. "School had no appeal to me. All I wanted was to race up and down the streets in a hot rod," declared Muldowney.[3] When she was 16, she married 19-year-old Jack Muldowney,[4] who would build her first dragster. It was Jack Muldowney who first taught me how to drive a car. Jack was the mechanic. He was the guy who tuned the cars that let the girl beat all the boys. I was a kid from upstate New York with no guidance, no direction. I was headed for trouble, nothing going for me. Then I found the sport at a very young age and was able to make something out of it.[5] In 1958, Muldowney made her debut on the dragstrip of the Fonda Speedway. She obtained her NHRA pro license in 1965. She competed in the 1969 and 1970 U.S. Nationals in a twin-engine dragster in Top Gas.[2][6] With Top Gas losing popularity, Muldowney switched to Funny Car, buying her first car from Connie Kalitta.[7] Around this time, she and her husband drifted apart; they finally divorced in 1972. "He didn't want to go nitro racing and we parted, but we stayed friends all those years until he passed away [in 2007]," she later said.[7][8] Muldowney won her first major event, the International Hot Rod Association (IHRA) Southern Nationals, in 1971. She stepped up to Top Fuel, getting her license in 1973[2][9] (making her the first woman to do it), behind the wheel of Poncho Rendon's digger; Don Garlits signed her application, one of three signatures she needed to make it official.[10] From 1973 to 1977, she teamed up with Kalitta as the Bounty Hunter and Bounty Huntress in match races, in a pair of Ford Mustangs, hers a Buttera chassis, his a Logghe.[11] The Bounty Huntress Mustang caught fire at Dragway 42 in Ohio in 1973.[12] At Columbus, Ohio in 1976, Muldowney dominated Top Fuel, qualifying #1 by 0.05 second, setting low e.t. and top speed of the meet, having the low e.t. in every round, breaking her own top speed record in the final, and winning the class.[13] She won an unprecedented three NHRA Top Fuel Dragster world championships followed, in 1977, 1980, and 1982. Muldowney success met enormous opposition from those who felt drag racing (or any form of motorsport, for that matter) was no place for women. Garlits has said about her: Now, if you ask who do I have the most respect for, I'd say Shirley Muldowney. She went against all odds. They didn't want her to race Top Fuel, the association, the racers, nobody...Just Shirley.[14] Muldowney noted, "NHRA fought me every inch of the way, but when they saw how a girl could fill the stands; they saw I was good for the sport."[9] A crash in 1984 crushed her hands, pelvis, and legs, necessitating half a dozen operations and 18 months of therapy.[3] Muldowney was sidelined for a long period, but returned to the circuit in the late 1980s. She continued to race, mostly without major sponsorship, throughout the 1990s in IHRA competition as well as match-racing events. She returned to the NHRA towards the end of her career, running select events until her retirement at the end of 2003.[15] Muldowney was described by longtime drag racer Fred Farndon as the "best 'natural' driver (top fuel or funny car), no question." Recent activities include the dictation of her memoirs, Shirley Muldowney's Tales from the Track, which Bill Stephens transcribed, and which Sports Publishing L.L.C. published in 2005. Health issuesIn March 2016 Muldowney disregarded a cancer scare to be the official starter of the Amalie Oil NHRA Gatornationals. Having been given a diagnosis of lung cancer prior to the event, Muldowney was later given a diagnosis of histoplasmosis, a curable and non-malignant fungal infection which can mimic cancer.[17] Shirley's KidsMuldowney operates a charitable organization, Shirley's Kids, which helps children in need in cities where drag racing is part of the community.[18] Film depictionThe 1983 biopic Heart Like a Wheel, about Muldowney's life and career, starred Bonnie Bedelia. Muldowney would rather have had Jamie Lee Curtis play her; she called Bedelia "a snot," and stated, "When she was promoting the movie on TV shows, she would tell interviewers she didn't even like racing. She got out of race car {{sic}} like she was getting up from the dinner table."[3] Muldowney had mixed feelings about the film itself, stating, "No, the movie did not capture my life very well at all, but more importantly, I thought the movie was very, very good for the sport."[19] Awards and honors
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Shirley Muldowney|url=http://www.biography.com/people/shirley-muldowney-162965|publisher=Biography.com|accessdate=June 27, 2012}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.nhraonline.com/50th/top50/S_Muldowney05.html |title=No. 5, Shirley Muldowney |author=Phil Burgess |publisher=nhraonline.com |accessdate=December 19, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040123044418/http://nhraonline.com/50th/top50/S_Muldowney05.html |archivedate=January 23, 2004 |df= }} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/web/COM1039848/index.htm |title=Where Are They Now? Shirley Muldowney |publisher=Sports Illustrated |date=July 7, 2005 |accessdate=December 19, 2009 | first=Jaime | last=Lowe}} 4. ^{{Cite news |date=30 January 1981 |title=Her life in the fast lane isn't a drag for Shirley Muldowney |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/656347532.html?dids=656347532:656347532&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jan+30%2C+1981&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Her+Life+in+the+Fast+Lane+Isn%27t+a+Drag+for+Shirley+Muldowney&pqatl=google |publisher=Los Angeles Times |first=Norman |last=Chandler }} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hotrod.com/whereitbegan/hrdp_0904_shirley_muldowney_interview/index.html |title=In Their Own Words: Shirley Muldowney / Local Drag Racing |publisher=Hot Rod Magazine |author=Bill McGuire |accessdate=December 19, 2009}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hotrod.com/whereitbegan/hrdp_0904_shirley_muldowney_interview/twin_engine_dragster_funny_car.html |title=In Their Own Words: Shirley Muldowney / Twin-Engine Chevy Top Gas Dragster |publisher=Hot Rod Magazine |author=Bill McGuire |accessdate=December 20, 2009}} 7. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.hotrod.com/whereitbegan/hrdp_0904_shirley_muldowney_interview/twin_engine_dragster_funny_car.html |title=In Their Own Words: Shirley Muldowney / Shirley's First Funny Car, 1971 |publisher=Hot Rod Magazine |author=Bill McGuire |accessdate=December 20, 2009}} 8. ^Jack Muldowney had major impact on drag racing, May 29, 2007 9. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.hotrod.com/whereitbegan/hrdp_0904_shirley_muldowney_interview/top_fuel_license_championship.html |title=In Their Own Words: Shirley Muldowney / Top Fuel License |publisher=Hot Rod Magazine |author=Bill McGuire |accessdate=December 19, 2009}} 10. ^Burgess, Phil, National Dragster editor. "The Time Machine: 1973", written 17 August 2018, at [https://www.nhra.com/news/2018/time-machine-1973 NHRA.com] (retrieved 16 September 2018) 11. ^McClurg, Bob. "50 Years of Funny Cars: Part 2" in Drag Racer, November 2016, p.46 caption. 12. ^McClurg, p.46 caption. 13. ^Burgess, Phil, National Dragster editor. "Danica who? What about Shirley ... and Shirley? And Judi. And Judy?", written 21 April 2008, at [https://www.nhra.com/news/2008/danica-who-what-about-shirley-and-shirley-and-judi-and-judy NHRA.com] (retrieved 20 September 2018) 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.zoomster.com/big2.html |title=Don Garlits interview |publisher=zoomster.com}} 15. ^{{citation|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/11/10/national/main582613.shtml|title=Racing Pioneer Muldowney Retires|publisher=CBS News|date=November 10, 2003|accessdate=2010-05-01}} 16. ^metalshapers.org 17. ^{{cite web|last1=Fabrizio|first1=Tony|title=Shirley Muldowney on her cancer scare: 'I really needed a break'|url=http://espn.go.com/espnw/sports/article/16029023/drag-racing-legend-shirley-muldowney-cancer-scare-really-needed-break|website=ESPN.com|publisher=ESPN|accessdate=12 July 2016}} 18. ^[https://www.shirleyskids.org/ Shirley's Kids], Retrieved Apr. 29, 2018. 19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hotrod.com/whereitbegan/hrdp_0904_shirley_muldowney_interview/movie_last_pass.html |title=In Their Own Words: Shirley Muldowney / Heart Like A Wheel, 1983 |publisher=Hot Rod Magazine |author=Bill McGuire |accessdate=December 19, 2009}} 20. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nhra.net/50th/top50/list.html |title=NHRA's Top 50 Drivers |publisher=National Hot Rod Association |accessdate=May 31, 2010}} 21. ^{{cite web |url=http://sports.espn.go.com/rpm/racing/columns/story?columnist=blount_terry&id=3400774 |title=Kinser, Mansell, Garlits, Lauda, and Muldowney set high standards|publisher=ESPN |date=May 20, 2008 |accessdate=May 31, 2010}} Sources
External links
11 : Living people|1940 births|Sportspeople from Schenectady, New York|Racing drivers from New York (state)|Dragster drivers|Female dragster drivers|International Motorsports Hall of Fame inductees|Motorsports Hall of Fame of America inductees|American female racing drivers|20th-century American racing drivers|21st-century American racing drivers |
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