“Shkumbin”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Shkumbin ({{IPAc-en|ʃ|k|uː|m|b|iː|n}}; {{IPA-sq|ʃkumbin}}; {{lang-la|Genessus}}), also commonly Shkembi, is a river in Southern and Southeastern Europe.^[4] It is {{convert|181|km|abbr=on}} long and its drainage basin is {{convert|2444|km2|abbr=on}}. Its average discharge is {{convert|61.5|m3/s|abbr=on}}.^[5] The river originates in the eastern Valamara Mountains between Maja e Valamarës ({{Convert|2375|m|ft|abbr=on}}) and Gur i Topit ({{Convert|2120|m|ft|abbr=on}}) in Southeastern Albania.^[6]

After descending from the Valamara's, it flows northwards through Proptisht and Qukës with many deep gorges and canyons and passes the Gora Mountains. A significant inflow comes from Gur i Kamjës ({{Convert|1481|m|ft|abbr=on}}) southwest of Pogradec. Over the course, it flows inside a syncline between the Mokra and Shebenik Mountains in the east and the Polis Mountains in the west. Close to Librazhd the river turns some {{Convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}} westwards of its origin and joins the Rapun stream.^[7] At the end the river cross the Myzeqe Plain and forms a small delta in Karavasta Lagoon, the direct proximity of the Adriatic Sea.

Historically, the river is considered to be the dividing line between the Tosk and Gheg dialects. Furthermore, the ancient Via Egnatia followed the river, giving the river the role of a strategically important corridor between orient and occident.^[8] On various historical periods it was considered the northernmost natural boundary of Epirus,^[9] while during the 5th and 6th centuries it was the cultural border between the Illyrian and the Greek world.^[10]

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.instat.gov.al/graphics/doc/downloads/publikime/Tregues%20sipas%20qarqeve2006.pdf |title=TREGUES SIPAS QARQEVE INDICATORS BY PREFECTURES |accessdate=2012-11-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724163040/http://www.instat.gov.al/graphics/doc/downloads/publikime/Tregues%20sipas%20qarqeve2006.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-24 |df= }}
2. ^{{cite web|title=The coastline of Albania : morphology, evolution and coastal management issues|url=http://ciesm.org/online/monographs/CSS-3/CSS_3_151_168.pdf|website=ciesm.org|page= 8|language=English|format=PDF}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Fishes from Shkumbini River (Central Albania): an ecological view|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264368979_Fishes_from_Shkumbini_River_Central_Albania_an_ecological_view|website=researchgate.net|page= 1|language=English}}
4. ^{{cite book|title=Robert Elsie|pages=459|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j7tLgANw8hAC&pg=PA459&dq=shkreli+tribe&hl=sv&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiO0smoo9bQAhWLlCwKHVhNAQkQ6AEILzAC#v=onepage&q=shkreli%20tribe&f=false}}
5. ^{{cite journal|title=The quality of Albanian natural waters and the human impact|authors=Cullaj, A., Hasko, A., Miho, A., Schanz, F., Brandl, H. & Bachofen, R.|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8121855_The_quality_of_Albanian_natural_waters_and_the_human_impact|journal=Environment International|year=2005|volume=31|page=138|language=English}}
6. ^{{cite web|author1=University of Tirana|title=Albert-Kurti-compressed.pdf|url=http://www.doktoratura.unitir.edu.al/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Albert-Kurti-compressed.pdf|website=doktoratura.unitir.edu.al|location=Tirana|page=43|language=Albanian|format=PDF}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=KREU I: PASURITË UJORE SHQIPTARE|url=http://37.139.119.36:81/publikime_shkencore/ALB-RIVERS-WEB-PDF/009-28-Kreu1-Ujerat-Shqiptare.pdf|page=19|language=Albanian|format=PDF}}
8. ^{{cite web|author1=University of Tirana|title=MALLAKASTRA STUDIM GJEOGRAFIK|url=http://www.doktoratura.unitir.edu.al/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Doktoratura-Mariglen-Sherifaj-Fakulteti-i-Historise-dhe-i-Filologjise-Departamenti-i-Gjeografise.pdf|website=doktoratura.unitir.edu.al|page=21|language=Albanian|format=PDF}}
9. ^Mikropoulos A. Tassos.[https://books.google.com/books?id=optXTg3ovBYC&hl=en&source=gbs_navlinks_s Elevating and Safeguarding Culture Using Tools of the Information Society: Dusty traces of the Muslim culture]. Earthlab. {{ISBN|978-960-233-187-3}}, p. 320: "Therefore the river referred to as Gennousos in ancient sources... again became a natural border in the north of Epirus"
10. ^Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière Hammond. [https://books.google.com/books?lr=&cd=1&as_brr=0&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&id=_VBoAAAAMAAJ&dq=The+line+of+division+between+Illyricum+and+the+Greek+area%3B+%27Epirus+Nova%27%2C+in+terms+of+Roman+provincial+administration+ran+somewhere+between+Scodra+and+Dyrrachium+and+then+eastwards+on+the+north+side+of+the+Shkumbi&q=%22in+terms+of+Roman+provincial+administration+ran+somewhere+between+Scodra+and+Dyrrachium+and+then+eastwards+on+the+north+side+of+the+Shkumbi+and+Lake+Ochrid%22#search_anchor Migrations and invasions in Greece and adjacent areas.] Noyes Press, 1976. {{ISBN|978-0-8155-5047-1}}. p. 54: "The line of division between Illyricum and the Greek area, 'Epirus Nova', in terms of Roman provincial administration ran somewhere between Scodra and Dyrrachium and then eastwards on the north side of the Shkumbi and Lake Ochrid"